标签归档:西安桑拿论坛

How do children "charge for 5 minutes and talk for 2 hours"

  I remember the first time I saw the slogan "charge for 5 minutes and talk for 2 hours", I immediately thought of those children who were alive and kicking all day. They are almost tireless in playing. They will be noisy in scenic spots or playgrounds until all the electricity is consumed. Then, in their parents’ arms or in the back seat of the car, they are still drinking or talking one second and falling asleep the next.

  Next, it may often take only an hour to rest, and they can "resurrect with blood" and continue to play wildly. The reason why the baby is so tired is also a great reason.

  However, although we all know this feature of children, do you know the reasons behind it? Why is there so much energy in their small bodies?

  Comparable to triathletes.

  At present, the most famous research on the amazing potential of children in anti-fatigue is an experiment done by researchers at the University of clermont-ferrand: they recruited three groups of volunteers, each with 12 people, who were national male athletes engaged in triathlon, cycling or long-distance running; 12 boys with an average age of 10 and a half; And 12 ordinary adult men who rarely engage in strenuous exercise participated in the study.

  These three groups of volunteers were asked by the researchers to do two sets of 7-second cycling sprints, and then pedal their bicycles as soon as possible for 30 seconds.

  After exercise, the researchers compared the energy production of different groups of volunteers, including aerobic exercise and anaerobic exercise. Among them, anaerobic exercise does not consume oxygen, but will produce a lot of lactic acid, which will cause muscle fatigue.

  After that, the researchers compared the recovery rate of heart rate, blood oxygen level and lactate clearance rate of different groups of volunteers after exercise. Finally, the researchers found that children are not easily exhausted by cycling, which is equivalent to the fatigue of professional athletes.

  In fact, in all tests, children’s physiological function performance is better than that of untrained adults, and their physical strength recovery speed is faster than that of professional athletes.

  Muscle structure has advantages.

  Although the experimental results are surprising, this advantage of children’s undeveloped body is not accidental, it is the result of children’s special body structure.

  Don’t treat children as miniature adults, they are all "Little Superman" — — As far as muscle composition is concerned, children’s muscles are composed of 70% red muscle fibers and 30% white muscle fibers, while in adults’ bodies, red and white muscles account for 50% respectively.

  This particularity of muscle structure means two completely different energy production mechanisms. White muscle fibers are mainly supplied with energy through anaerobic, that is, creatine phosphate (a high-energy molecule) and sugar (glucose) are directly supplied with energy, which can make muscles release strong explosive force in a short time. In contrast, red muscle fibers are powered by aerobic respiration.

  Red muscle contains a large number of "small factory" mitochondria, which can use more oxygen and make the production more efficient. Therefore, although it is inferior to white muscle in explosive power and strength, red muscle has stronger endurance.

  If an adult still has a lot of red muscle fibers, it is mostly inherited or the result of high-intensity training. But children do not benefit from training, but are born to be comparable to endurance athletes.

  Small body shape is more divided

  Children’s infinite energy not only comes from their unique muscle structure, but also benefits from their small body shape, which makes them have an extremely fast oxygen supply speed before their height soars in adolescence, and can deliver oxygen to all motor muscles in a short time to provide energy in time.

  "It’s like the difference between a mouse and an elephant. Mice are small in size and have high oxygen demand, mainly relying on aerobic energy supply system; Elephants that are huge and bulky rely on anaerobic energy supply systems. " Sebastian Ratel, the leader of the research project, said, "In small animals, it takes much shorter time to transport oxygen."

  As for the recovery speed, the experiment shows that the recovery rate of heart rate in children’s group is 85%, that of athletes is 60%, and that of untrained adults is only 40%.

  Researchers attribute this outstanding performance of children to a more effective acetylcholine inhibition mechanism — — This neurotransmitter can slow down the beating speed of the heart through the parasympathetic nervous system (controlling the autonomous operation of the body).

  Children also have outstanding performance in removing metabolic waste from the body. You know, metabolic waste is the culprit that disturbs muscle contraction. The research team tested the content of lactic acid in the blood of the tester — — Lactic acid is a metabolite produced by muscle fatigue. The test results show that compared with endurance athletes, children’s lactic acid disappears faster, and ordinary adults are far behind in this respect.

  "Lightning speed" is the wonder of researchers for children’s physical recovery ability. They analyzed that this may be because children are smaller and their muscles are closer to the oxygen-rich blood pumped by the heart, so they can use oxygen more effectively. Children’s extra energy comes from slow muscle fibers, which contract slowly, protecting children from being injured by excessive exercise.

  No need to exercise deliberately.

  Although the metabolic ability is not limited by body shape, children’s legs are not strong enough, coordination is insufficient, and the toughness repair ability of tendon system is weak, which leads to low body efficiency and limited mechanical movement ability. It is true that children’s quick recovery makes people feel never tired, but it is not the case when they exercise for a long time.

  After children enter adolescence, their bodies gradually turn to rely on anaerobic system, which, like their adult parents, makes them tired easily and slows down their recovery. Therefore, before puberty comes, it is best to focus on cultivating their sports skills and action effectiveness through coordinated exercise and motor function exercise, so as to improve sports efficiency, rather than focusing on improving aerobic metabolism, because children’s aerobic metabolism efficiency is already very high.

  Therefore, there is no need to deliberately do aerobic exercise in childhood. On the contrary, from adolescence, it is necessary to continuously improve the motor function and efficiency of the body. Since children’s bodies grow rapidly and have a brand-new body cognition after entering adolescence, it is necessary to focus on improving aerobic metabolism at this time to maintain the body’s rapid recovery ability, delay the onset of fatigue, and prevent diabetes, obesity, insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases.

  Mentality and sleep also help.

  In addition to the characteristics of physiological function, children’s mentality is a model of "living in the present". They devote themselves wholeheartedly to the present activities, crying if they want to, smile happily, naive and carefree, while we adults bear all kinds of pressures and worries of life every day, and have a lot of depressed negative emotions, which is also a great consumption of physical vitality and energy.

  Needless to say, children can generally get much more abundant sleep recovery time than adults. According to the statistics of national data, the average sleep time of children under 5 years old is 10 ~ 12 hours, which is beyond our adults’ reach. (brown squirrel)

Central Meteorological Observatory: There will be obvious rainfall in the late May Day holiday, and the temperature in most parts of the country will still be low.

CCTV News:According to the website of the Central Meteorological Observatory, in the next 10 days (May 1-10), the cumulative precipitation in southern Jianghan, Jianghuai, Jiangnan, central and northern South China, Chongqing, eastern Guizhou and southeastern Tibet will be 50-100 mm, and some areas will be 120-180 mm; The cumulative precipitation in the eastern part of northwest China, western North China, northeastern Inner Mongolia, northeastern China, Huanghuai and other places is 10 ~ 30 mm; The precipitation in most of the above areas is 30 ~ 70% more than normal, and the local area is more than twice as much. Precipitation in meteorological arid areas of Yunnan, southern Sichuan and western Guangxi is still less, and the drought will continue to be maintained and developed.

  In the next 10 days, except for the central and eastern Inner Mongolia, Northeast China and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, the average temperature is about 1℃ higher than normal, and the average temperature in most other parts of the country is 1~2℃ lower than normal, with some areas in Xinjiang, Gansu and western Inner Mongolia being more than 3℃ lower.

  Main weather process

  On May 2-4, there were moderate to heavy rains in Jianghuai, Jianghan, northern Jiangnan and Huanghuai, and there were heavy rains in some areas, local heavy rains and strong convective weather such as thunderstorms and strong winds.

  From May 5 to 7, there will be a large-scale rainfall process in the central and eastern regions, including heavy rain in parts of Jiangnan, northern South China, Chongqing and eastern Sichuan, and local heavy rain.

  Long-term weather outlook

  In the next 11-14 days (May 11-14), the accumulated precipitation in Jiangnan, South China, Southwest China and Southeast Tibet will be 10-40 mm, and the precipitation in most parts of the south will be 20-50% less than normal.

  In the next 11-14 days, the average temperature in the eastern part of Northwest China, western North China, Inner Mongolia, Northeast China, Jianghuai, Jiangnan, South China and Southwest China will be 1-2℃ lower than normal, with Inner Mongolia, Yunnan and Guizhou being more than 3℃ lower.

  High-impact weather and concern

  1. There is an obvious rainfall process in the late May Day holiday.

  From May 2, there were moderate to heavy rains in Jianghuai, Jianghan, northern Jiangnan and Huanghuai, and there were heavy rains in some areas, local heavy rains and strong convective weather such as thunderstorms and strong winds. The accumulated rainfall in eastern Hubei, southeastern Henan, southern Anhui and other places will probably approach or reach historical extremes. On 5-7 days, the rain belt will gradually press southward to the south-central part of the south of the Yangtze River to the south of China.

  The temperature is low in most parts of the country.

  In the next 10 days, the average temperature in most parts of the country will be 1~2℃ lower than normal, and some areas in Xinjiang, Gansu and western Inner Mongolia will be more than 3℃ lower. The main impact period of cold air is 3-6 days, and there will be sand dust or sand blowing weather in parts of the eastern part of northwest China and northern North China.

According to the micro-survey, 20% of more than 600 primary school students said that "they can only break up with their mobile phones for one day at most"

The child is staring at the mobile phone screen. Photo by reporter Jin Siliu

  At the beginning of school, Ms. Li, who lives in Jiangxia, Wuhan, "panicked". "The balance of the bank card is insufficient. When I checked the consumption flow, the 12,000 yuan in the card was all recharged by the children playing games to buy props."

  Ms. Li’s child is a "online game fan" this year. During the summer vacation, children play online games to kill time and buy equipment in the online game mall through WeChat coin purse. Ms. Li knows nothing about this.

  How do primary school students deal with APP in their leisure time? In the past few days, the reporter launched the "APP survey commonly used by primary school students in Wuhan" online and offline. As of 18: 00 on August 31, more than 600 valid questionnaires were collected, including 431 online surveys and 175 offline surveys. Statistics show that chatting, short videos and game apps have won a lot of "juvenile hearts".

  Nearly 60% of primary school students have exclusive mobile phones or iPad.

  According to this survey, 58.7% of primary school students have their own smart phones or iPads, and mobile phones or iPads have become "playmates" and "study companions" for many primary school students. 60.09% parents have time restrictions on their children’s use of electronic products such as mobile phones, 36.66% parents only allow their children to study, and only 3.25% parents have no restrictions on electronic products and can use them at any time.

  It is noteworthy that in this survey, 56.15% of primary school students said that they used their mobile phones or iPads for less than one hour every day, 35.5% used their mobile phones or iPads for 1-3 hours, 6.03% used their mobile phones or iPads for 3-5 hours, and 2.32% used their mobile phones or iPads for more than 5 hours every day. Experts generally recommend that children use electronic products for no more than one hour every day.

  Some primary school students said frankly.

  "You can only break up with your mobile phone for one day at most."

  In the survey "How long do you think you can live without your smartphone or iPad at most", 20.42% choose a day, 33.41% choose a week, 23.2% choose a month and 22.97% choose a year or more.

  "You can only break up with your mobile phone for one day at most!" A 10-year-old boy named "Mark" told reporters that he has his own iPad. Besides online classes, he also downloaded many commonly used apps and online games, such as WeChat, homework help, Tik Tok, Snake and Cool Dog Music. Parents stipulate that you should not use the iPad for more than one hour every day, but it is not strictly enforced on weekends and summer vacations. After a summer vacation, he felt that his eyesight had declined, but he was afraid to tell his parents.

  China Children’s Development Report (2019) released by China Children’s Center and Social Science Literature Publishing House on August 2019)— — Children’s life outside school shows that children spend an average of 43.24 minutes using electronic products every day on school days. It takes longer to use electronic products on weekends, with an average of 96.27 minutes.

  Excessive use of electronic products is not conducive to children’s physical and mental health. A survey shows that the longer children use electronic products, the lower their social skills and anti-frustration scores, and the higher their myopia.

  Chat, short video, game APP

  Won the "juvenile heart"

  In the "APP you use most often" option survey, 63.11% of the respondents checked "APP related to learning", accounting for the highest proportion. Followed by social apps such as QQ and WeChat, accounting for 61.72%; Short video apps such as Tik Tok and Aauto Quicker accounted for 37.82%, game apps such as the glory of the king accounted for 24.13%, and other apps accounted for 15.31%.

  Children put learning-related apps in the first place when filling out the questionnaire, but when the reporter actually investigated and visited, it was found that the latter three types of apps were the most interesting and used by children: social, short videos and games. China Child Development Report (2019)— — The Situation of Children’s Life Outside School also shows that children’s liking for watching Tik Tok, cartoons and Aauto Quicker for entertainment (4.19 points), playing online games and chatting online (4.00 points) has reached or even exceeded 4 points (out of 5 points).

  More than 30% of respondents occasionally brush short videos.

  Regarding "Do you pay attention to Tik Tok, Aauto Quicker, Volcano, bilibili and other short video apps", 47.33% choose "I know but I’m not interested", 36.43% choose "I pay attention to it and brush it occasionally", 10.9% choose "I brush it often and find it very interesting" and 5.34% choose "I not only brush it, but also try to upload it myself".

  It can be seen that short video has attracted more and more attention after the rapid development in recent years. The children interviewed all know short video apps such as Tik Tok and Aauto Quicker, and the proportion of using them for 1-3 hours every day has reached 15.55%.

  "According to your observation, what types of short videos do peers around you like to brush? In a survey, pupils’ responses mainly focused on five aspects, among which "parody in life" accounted for 54.99%, "entertainment circle related to idols" accounted for 34.34%, and "game explanation tutorial" accounted for 36.19%. However, "related to learning and professional skills" accounted for 37.35%, and "related to natural and cultural landscapes" accounted for 23.2%.

  In the item "Why did you start to brush short video apps", children said that they often saw them online, accounting for 33.41%; Secondly, "curious, take the initiative to use" accounted for 29.23%, "classmates often brush" accounted for 20.88%, and "parents often brush" accounted for 16.47%.

  Zhou Lina, a teacher of ideological and political course in Chongren Road Primary School, said that there are more and more APP softwares, which are constantly updated. Many softwares are helpful for children’s learning, which stimulate students’ interest in learning through entertaining, and the game mode meets children’s curiosity. However, for teenagers and even adults, we should have self-control. Parents need to set an example in front of their children, not to let their children drift, and not to ignore communication with them. It is suggested that we can accompany our children to study and discuss together, control the use time reasonably, pay attention to scientific use of eyes and protect our eyesight. In addition, the home and school closely cooperate to check the APPs used by children. Any app that contains pornographic violence, online games, commercial advertisements and other content and links, or uses exam-oriented education to increase students’ academic burden should be uninstalled.

  Luo Hongwen, the principal of Qipanjie Primary School in Wuchang District, believes that it is obviously unrealistic for new technologies to keep pouring in and affect students’ lives and blindly block them among children. To teach children to identify and use them reasonably, teachers and parents should also guide them in ways that children are willing to accept, thus effectively improving the quality of education. (Reporter Xiang Jie governs Yang Feng)

Open up a new realm of Marxism in China and show the theoretical character of keeping pace with the times

  The Communist Party of China (CPC) is a Marxist political party, and keeping pace with the times is the theoretical character of Marxism. The party constitution Amendment adopted by the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China established the Supreme Leader’s New Era Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought as our party’s action guide, and realized the party’s guiding ideology to keep pace with the times again. Comrade Supreme Leader pointed out in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China: "We must keep up with the times in theory, constantly understand the laws, and constantly promote theoretical innovation, practical innovation, institutional innovation, cultural innovation and other aspects of innovation". The theoretical character of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought’s keeping pace with the times in the new era has been fully demonstrated in carrying out great struggles, building great projects, advancing great undertakings and realizing great dreams.

  The theoretical character of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought’s keeping pace with the times in the new era is highlighted in the great struggle. The great historical process of revolution, construction and reform led by our Party is closely integrated with the great historical process of China Marxism promoted by our Party. In this process, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, Theory of Three Represents, Scientific Outlook on Development and the Supreme Leader’s New Era Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought came into being. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has been faced with the historical task of carrying out a great struggle with many new historical features. The background, space, field and concrete form of these struggles are different from those in the past. Aiming at highlighting contradictions and solving practical problems, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has made in-depth thinking and innovation on how to deal with major challenges, resist major risks, overcome major obstacles and solve major contradictions, and has formed a series of theoretical innovations, which constitute an organic part of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era. It can be seen that the great struggle promotes theoretical innovation, and the achievements of theoretical innovation guide us to successfully carry out the great struggle.

  The theoretical character of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought’s keeping pace with the times in the new era is highlighted in the great construction project. Ideological construction is the basic construction of the party. To build the Party stronger, we must arm our minds with the Party’s innovative theory, constantly cultivate communist party people’s spiritual homeland, and keep the Party’s advanced nature and purity forever. Undoubtedly, promoting the new great project of party building will inevitably call for more theoretical innovations and greater theoretical breakthroughs. With theoretical innovation as the fulcrum, the new great project of party building will surely open up a new situation and win new victories. Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era has enriched and developed the Marxist theory of party building, and provided a scientific guide for the realization of managing the party well, effectively and effectively. At present, it is necessary to arm the whole Party with Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era, make up calcium and strengthen bones for party member and cadres, strengthen the foundation and cultivate the yuan, promote the comprehensive and strict management of the Party, continuously improve the quality of Party building, and ensure that the Party will always be the strong leadership core of the cause of Socialism with Chinese characteristics.

  The theoretical character of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought’s keeping pace with the times in the new era is highlighted in advancing the great cause. Socialism in China has experienced great development from ideal to reality, from concept to system, from goal to road. It is in this historical process that the Communist Party of China (CPC) grew up, and it is in this historical process that Marxism realized China. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, we have made all-round and groundbreaking historic achievements and achieved profound and fundamental historic changes. After long-term efforts, Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era. The new era puts forward new topics, and new topics give birth to new theories. With great political courage and strong responsibility, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has systematically answered the important issues of what kind of Socialism with Chinese characteristics and how to adhere to and develop Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era from the combination of theory and practice, providing scientific theoretical guidance for adhering to and developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.

  The theoretical character of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought’s keeping pace with the times in the new era is manifested in the realization of great dreams. Since modern times, the Chinese nation has made a historic leap from standing up, becoming rich and becoming strong. Contemporary China is closer, more confident and capable of realizing the dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation than at any time in history. Undoubtedly, only when China becomes strong not only economically, politically, militarily and technologically, but also materially, spiritually, culturally and ideologically, can the Chinese nation achieve a complete national rejuvenation. Great times call for great theories, and great practice breeds great theories. Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era is the inheritance and development of Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, Theory of Three Represents and Scientific Outlook on Development, and the latest achievement of Marxism in China, which guides the whole party and people to make unremitting efforts to realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

  There is no end to practice, and there is no end to theoretical innovation. In contemporary China, upholding and developing Marxism is not only a theoretical mission, but also a political mission. It is precisely because of advancing with the times in basic theory and guiding ideology that all the work of our party can reflect the times, grasp the regularity, be creative, and show inexhaustible creative vitality. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the cause of the Party and the state has opened up a new prospect in an all-round way, which lies in the flag-raising orientation and strategic planning of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, and in the scientific guidance of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era.

  Every step forward in theoretical innovation, theoretical armed forces will follow. To realize the historical mission of the Party in the new era, to take charge of great struggles, great projects, great undertakings and great dreams, to win the victory in building a well-off society in an all-round way and to win the great victory of Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, we must arm the whole Party, guide practice and promote work with Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era.

  (The author is Yu Wenli, vice president and professor of Peking University Institute of Marxism)

Notice of the General Office of Beijing Municipal People’s Government on Printing and Distributing the Project of Promoting Domestic Waste Treatment in Beijing in 2010

Beijing Zhengban Fa [2010] No.15

The people’s governments of the districts and counties, the commissions, offices and bureaus of the municipal government, and the municipal institutions:

  With the consent of the municipal government, we hereby print and distribute the passbook project of promoting domestic garbage disposal in Beijing in 2010 to you. Please cooperate closely with relevant units, pay close attention to the organization and implementation, and ensure that the task is completed on schedule.

  May 5, 2010  

In 2010, Beijing will promote the passbook project of domestic waste treatment.

  First, speed up the construction of garbage disposal facilities and promote the pollution control of existing facilities.

  1。 Advance the preliminary work of Chaoyang District Domestic Waste Comprehensive Treatment Plant and Kitchen Waste Treatment Plant (Phase II).

  Main responsible unit: Chaoyang District Government

  Co-organizers: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Planning Commission, Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau and Municipal Appearance Committee.

  2。 Complete the feasibility study of Haidian District Domestic Waste Comprehensive Treatment Plant and Kitchen Waste Treatment Plant for approval; Complete the pollution control work of Liulitun landfill.

  Main responsible unit: Haidian District Government

  Co-organizers: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources, Municipal Planning Commission, Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau and Municipal Appearance Commission.

  3。 The wet decomposition project and the kitchen waste treatment project in Fengtai District started construction.

  Main responsible unit: Fengtai District Government

  Co-organizers: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources, Municipal Planning Commission, Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau and Municipal Appearance Commission.

  4。 Construction of comprehensive domestic waste treatment plants in Pinggu District and Miyun County started.

  Main responsible units: Pinggu District and Miyun County Government.

  Co-organizers: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources, Municipal Planning Commission, Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau and Municipal Appearance Commission.

  5。 Carry out the preliminary work for the construction of biomass energy plants in northwest and southwest Beijing. Main responsible units: Haidian District and Mentougou District Governments.

  Co-organizers: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources, Municipal Planning Commission, Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Commission and Municipal Appearance Commission.

  6。 Shunyi District Domestic Waste Incineration Plant (Phase II) started construction.

  Main responsible unit: Shunyi District Government

  Co-organizers: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources, Municipal Planning Commission, Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau and Municipal Appearance Commission.

  7。 Complete the project establishment and land acquisition work of Liangjiawu Domestic Waste Comprehensive Treatment Center (Phase I).

  Main responsible units: Tongzhou District Government and Municipal Appearance Committee.

  Co-organizers: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources, Municipal Planning Commission and Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau.

  8。 The kitchen waste treatment projects in Dongcheng, Xicheng, Shijingshan, Mentougou, Fangshan, Shunyi, Changping, Miyun and Yanqing started construction.

  Main responsible unit: relevant district and county governments.

  Co-organizers: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources, Municipal Planning Commission, Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau and Municipal Appearance Commission.

  9。 We will promote the construction of six relatively concentrated resource treatment stations for kitchen, fruits and vegetables and garden waste.

  Main responsible units: Chongwen District, Chaoyang District, Haidian District, Shijingshan District Government and City Park Management Center.

  Co-organizers: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources, Municipal Planning Commission, Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Commission, Municipal Appearance Commission and Municipal Landscaping Bureau.

  10。 Carry out the preliminary work of Asuwei circular economy park and the construction of Asuwei domestic waste incineration plant.

  Main responsible units: Changping District Government and Municipal Appearance Committee.

  Co-organizers: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources, Municipal Planning Commission, Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Commission and Beijing Electric Power Company.

  Eleven. Promote the construction of Nangong Domestic Waste Incineration Plant.

  Main responsible units: Daxing District Government and Municipal Appearance Committee.

  Co-organizers: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources, Municipal Planning Commission and Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau.

  Two, promote the source classification of garbage, increase the recycling of renewable resources.

  Twelve. The annual domestic waste output in the eight districts of the city has achieved zero growth, and the growth rate in the outer suburbs has been controlled below 10%.

  Main responsible unit: district and county governments

  Co-organizers: Municipal Municipal Appearance Committee and Municipal Statistics Bureau.

  Thirteen. 600 residential areas have reached the standard of garbage classification, realizing classified collection, transportation and treatment. Promote the waste classification standards of party and government organs and schools in Beijing.

  Main responsible unit: district and county governments

  Co-organizers: Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Committee, Municipal Appearance Committee and Municipal Commerce Committee.

  14。 Promote the renovation and construction of equipment and facilities for classified collection, transportation and storage of garbage such as closed cleaning stations, and adopt energy-saving and environmentally-friendly vehicles for classified collection and transportation of garbage.

  Main responsible unit: district and county governments

  Co-organizers: Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Municipal Public Security Bureau, Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal Planning Commission, Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, Municipal Appearance Commission, Municipal Transportation Commission and Municipal Quality Supervision Bureau.

  Fifteen. Popularize the experience of "household classification" of garbage in 92 towns and villages, and build equipment and facilities for garbage collection, transportation, treatment and resource recovery.

  Main responsible units: Chaoyang District, Haidian District, Fengtai District, Mentougou District, Fangshan District, Tongzhou District, Shunyi District, Changping District, Daxing District, Pinggu District, Huairou District, Miyun County and Yanqing County Governments.

  Co-organizers: Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal Planning Commission, Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, Municipal Appearance Commission, Municipal Agriculture Commission and Municipal Commerce Commission.

  16。 300 recycling stations and 2 sorting centers for renewable resources will be built in Chengba District.

  Main responsible unit: Municipal Commission of Commerce

  Co-organizers: Chengba District Government, Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Public Security Bureau, Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Committee, Municipal Appearance Committee and Municipal Administration for Industry and Commerce.

  Three, standardize the management of construction waste, promote the construction of resource reuse facilities.

  17。 Implement the "Green Construction Management Regulations" and strengthen the management of muck in the construction site.

  Main responsible unit: Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Committee

  Co-organizers: district and county governments, municipal environmental protection bureau, municipal quality supervision bureau and municipal urban management and law enforcement bureau.

  18。 Study and formulate investment policies for construction waste treatment facilities to promote the resource utilization of recycled products.

  Main responsible unit: Municipal Development and Reform Commission

  Co-organizers: Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal Planning Commission, Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Commission and Municipal Appearance Commission.

  19。 Carry out the pilot work of comprehensive utilization of construction waste.

  Main responsible units: Municipal Appearance Committee, Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Construction Committee.

  Co-organizers: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources, Municipal Planning Commission and Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau.

  Four, strengthen the supervision of garbage disposal, increase policy support.

  20。 The harmless treatment rate of domestic garbage in the eight districts of the city and the suburban counties reached 99% and 85% respectively.

  Main responsible unit: district and county governments

  Co-organizers: Municipal Municipal Appearance Committee and Municipal Statistics Bureau.

  21 to carry out the preliminary work of the construction of the supervision system for the operation of garbage disposal facilities.

  Main responsible units: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Economic Information Commission and Municipal Appearance Commission.

  Co-organizers: Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau and relevant district and county governments.

  22。 Accelerate the formulation of supporting policies such as investment in circular economy parks.

  Main responsible unit: Municipal Development and Reform Commission

  Co-organizers: Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources, Municipal Planning Commission and Municipal Appearance Commission.  

       23。 According to the requirements of the garbage disposal regulation and accounting platform, the payment of the benchmark fee for garbage disposal and the economic compensation fee for garbage disposal in different places will be implemented.

  Main responsible unit: district and county governments

  Co-organizers: Municipal Finance Bureau and Municipal Appearance Committee.

  24。 To carry out the pilot work of municipal garbage disposal facilities integrated circuit card metering system.

  Main responsible unit: Municipal Municipal Appearance Committee

  Co-organizers: district and county governments and municipal finance bureau.

  25。 Formulate the information disclosure system of garbage disposal facilities, and implement the system of opening to the public in Gao ‘antun, Liulitun, Beishenshu, Anding, Asuwei and other garbage landfills.

  Main responsible units: Municipal Municipal Appearance Committee, Chaoyang District, Haidian District, Tongzhou District, Changping District and Daxing District Governments.

  Co-organizer: Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau

National Health Commission issued a notice on printing and distributing guidelines for home treatment of infected people in Covid-19.

  Guide to home treatment of infected people in Covid-19

  First, the applicable object

  (1) An asymptomatic or mildly infected person without serious underlying diseases.

  (two) the basic disease is in a stable period, and there is no serious organ dysfunction such as heart, liver, lung, kidney and brain that needs hospitalization.

  Second, the home environment requirements

  (1) When conditions permit, home-based therapists should live in relatively independent rooms of the family and use separate bathrooms as much as possible.

  (two) the family should be equipped with a thermometer (for infected persons), paper towels, masks, disposable gloves, disinfectants and other personal protective equipment, and disinfection products and garbage cans with covers.

  Third, the management requirements

  (a) community (village) and basic medical and health institutions work requirements.

  1. establish contact. Give play to the important role of organization, mobilization, guidance, service, security and management of the community (grassroots) working mechanism for epidemic prevention and control in various places. Grassroots medical and health institutions openly consult the telephone to inform the matters needing attention in home treatment, and bring home treatment personnel into grid management. For elderly people living alone in empty nests, patients with basic diseases, pregnant women, hemodialysis patients and other special personnel in home treatment, establish a ledger to ensure the necessary medical services.

  2. Give guidance. Home-based therapists carry out antigen testing according to the specifications, and can ask primary medical and health institutions to give guidance when necessary. Grassroots medical and health institutions give necessary symptomatic treatment and oral medication guidance to those in need.

  3. Assist in seeking medical treatment. Community or grass-roots medical and health institutions should know their main conditions in time after receiving the demand from home therapists for assistance in arranging medical treatment. Grass-roots medical and health institutions should guide critically ill patients to do emergency treatment and help them to be transported to relevant hospitals in a closed loop as soon as possible. To the county (city, district) as a unit, the establishment of higher-level hospitals and urban and rural communities, the rapid transfer channel.

  4. Psychological assistance. Establish a smooth psychological counseling hotline with cities as the unit. Grassroots medical and health institutions and communities should take the initiative to inform home therapists of the psychological hotline, so as to facilitate them to seek psychological support and psychological counseling. For those who find serious psychological or mental health problems, they can report to the local (city, county) mental health medical institutions and refer them when necessary.

  5. Personal protection. When in contact with home therapists, you should do a good job of self-protection and keep a distance of more than 1 meter as far as possible.

  (2) Self-management requirements of home therapists.

  1. Health monitoring and symptomatic treatment. Home-based therapists should take temperature measurement and self-health monitoring once every morning and evening. If there are symptoms such as fever and cough, they can take symptomatic treatment or oral medication. When necessary, you can also contact the medical staff of primary health care institutions or consult relevant medical institutions through Internet medical forms. Asymptomatic people don’t need medication. When taking medicine, home therapists should take it according to the drug instructions to avoid blind use of antibacterial drugs. If you have a basic disease, there is no need to change the dosage of the basic disease treatment drugs being used when the condition is stable.

  2. Referral treatment. In case of the following situations, you can transfer to the relevant hospital for treatment by self-driving or 120 ambulance.

  (1) dyspnea or shortness of breath.

  (2) After drug treatment, the body temperature remained higher than 38.5℃ for more than 3 days.

  (3) The original underlying diseases are obviously aggravated and uncontrollable.

  (4) Children have drowsiness, persistent refusal to eat, feeding difficulties, persistent diarrhea or vomiting.

  (5) Pregnant women have symptoms such as headache, dizziness, palpitation and breathlessness, or abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding or bleeding, abnormal fetal movement, etc.

  3. control going out. Home therapists don’t have to go out or accept visits. For those who really need to go out because of medical treatment, they should do personal protection all the time, arrive at the medical institution point-to-point, return home point-to-point after medical treatment, and try not to take public transportation as much as possible.

  4. Personal protection. Home therapists should be well protected and try not to contact with other family members. If the home therapist is a lactating mother, she can continue to breastfeed her baby on the basis of personal protection.

  5. Antigen self-test. Home therapists need to conduct antigen self-test and report the results according to the relevant epidemic prevention requirements.

  6. Infection prevention and control requirements.

  (1) Open doors and windows regularly for ventilation every day to keep indoor air circulation. If natural ventilation is not available, exhaust fans can be used for mechanical ventilation.

  (2) Do a good job in ventilation and disinfection of shared areas such as toilets and bathrooms.

  (3) Wash hands or disinfect hands when preparing food, defecating before and after meals, taking off masks, etc.

  (4) Cover your nose and mouth with paper towels when coughing or sneezing, or cover your nose and mouth with the inside of your elbow, and throw the used paper towels into the trash can.

  (5) Do not share daily necessities with other family members, and the tableware should be cleaned and disinfected after use.

  (6) The surfaces of articles that may be contacted by home therapists in daily life and the towels, clothes and quilts used by them should be cleaned and disinfected in time, and the personal belongings of infected persons should be placed separately.

  (7) If the family shares the bathroom, the home-based therapists should disinfect the bathroom every time they use it; If family therapists use a separate bathroom, they can be disinfected once a day.

  (8) Used paper towels, masks, disposable gloves and other domestic garbage are put into plastic bags and placed in special garbage bins.

  (9) Disinfect the articles contaminated by saliva and sputum at any time.

  Fourth, the conditions for ending home treatment

  For example, the symptoms of home-based therapists are obviously improved or have no obvious symptoms, the self-test antigen is negative and the Ct value of Covid-19 nucleic acid is detected twice in a row ≥ 35 (the interval between the two tests is more than 24 hours), which can end the home treatment and return to normal life and go out.

  V. Safeguard requirements

  (a) the lead unit in charge of community (grass-roots, rural) work in the leading mechanism of epidemic prevention and control in various places should give full play to its role and effectively take responsibility. Grassroots medical and health institutions shall establish a 24-hour duty system, and designate special personnel to undertake the health consultation work of home treatment for infected people. The community (village) shall make arrangements for nucleic acid detection, garbage removal and environmental disinfection, and find and solve problems in time.

  (2) It is necessary to organize medical institutions to provide rehabilitation guidance and psychological support for home-based personnel through online and offline methods such as remote guidance and Internet medical treatment. Primary medical and health institutions should strengthen inspection guidance and health monitoring for home-based rehabilitation personnel in their jurisdictions through the Internet and other means. Secondary and tertiary hospitals should provide consultation guidance for primary medical institutions through telemedicine.

  (three) all localities should strengthen the basic medical and health institutions commonly used drugs, antigen detection reagents, finger clip oximeter and other reserves, and effectively meet the needs of home treatment personnel for medication and health monitoring.

  (IV) Medical institutions should strictly implement the responsibility system for first diagnosis and the emergency rescue system, and should not shirk or refuse to treat Covid-19 infected people at home, especially emergency patients, to see a doctor in medical institutions for any reason.

Attachment details > > > > > >

1. Reference table of commonly used drugs for home treatment of infected people in Covid-19.

2. Guidelines for detection of antigens for home treatment of infected persons in Covid-19.

March towards a Powerful Agricultural Country —— Interview with Tang Renjian, Director of the Central Agricultural Office and Minister of Agriculture and Rural Affairs

  Interview with the minister at the end of the year and the beginning of the year. For three consecutive years, Tang Renjian, director of the Central Agricultural Office and Minister of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, wrote three sets of keywords to CCTV reporters at the General Station:

  2021: grain, seeds and cultivated land

  2022: Food

  2023: Agricultural Power

  What is the relationship between the three groups of keywords? Tang Renjian said,come down in one continuous lineThe internal logical relationship is very clear.

  "A strong agricultural country is programmatic and outlines. The primary task is to consolidate the foundation of food security in all directions. Seeds and cultivated land are two of them. Grasping these two keys will ensure food security. "

  Go all out to secure China’s rice bowl.

  Looking back on 2022, China’s grain production is remarkable. In the face of difficulties such as multiple outbreaks of epidemic in COVID-19, record-breaking autumn flood in the north, extreme high temperature and drought in the south and high prices of agricultural materials, the output still reached a record high, reaching 1,373.1 billion Jin, with an increase of 7.4 billion Jin. It is particularly worth mentioning that the self-sufficiency rate of soybeans has also increased by 3 percentage points. Stable production and supply of grain and important agricultural products have provided basic support for stabilizing expectations, prices and the economic market.

  Food security is "the biggest in the country".

  Tang Renjian said that all countries in the world that are truly powerful and have no weaknesses have the ability to solve their own food problems. In the coming period, with the high-quality development of China’s economy and the promotion of urbanization, the demand for grain and important agricultural products will still show a rigid growth trend. 2023 is the first year to implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, and it is also the first year to accelerate the construction of an agricultural power. It is of special significance to ensure the stable and safe supply of grain and important agricultural products.

  "We will take a new round of 100 billion Jin of grain production capacity improvement as the starting point and go all out to stabilize China’s rice bowl."

  The grain production capacity is at a high starting point of 1.3 trillion Jin, and then increased by 100 billion Jin. Hard as it is, it will be done.

  Tang Renjian said, "This matter is not a question of whether it can be done or not, but a question of what must be done. We must mobilize all resources and do everything possible to increase the grain production capacity by 100 billion Jin."

  Tang Renjian said that in the long run, it is necessary to make full efforts to improve the comprehensive agricultural production capacity. Grasp the material foundation, resolutely hold the red line of 1.8 billion mu of cultivated land, gradually build all 1.546 billion mu of permanent basic farmland into high-standard farmland, and continue to do a good job in seed industry revitalization and key agricultural technology research; We will also pay attention to the mechanism guarantee, improve the income guarantee mechanism for grain farmers and the compensation mechanism for interests in major producing areas, fully implement the responsibility of the party and government for food security, and consolidate the foundation of food security in all directions.

  In 2023, in the face of the new development situation, the focus is on two stability, two expansion and two promotion.

  Two stabilities — — Stable area and outputEnsure that the grain area is stable above 1.77 billion mu, strive to increase, ensure that the grain output continues to be above 1.3 trillion Jin, and strive to increase production. 

  Two expansions — — Expand beans and oil:We will plant more than 10 million mu, ensure that the soybean oil area is stable at more than 350 million mu, and strive to expand again.

  Two mentions — — Self-sufficiency rate of bill of lading production and delivery:Strive to increase the yield per mu of corn demonstration fields by more than 100 kilograms and the self-sufficiency rate of edible vegetable oil by more than 1 percentage point.

  When the reporter asked what specific policy measures would be taken, Tang Renjian said, first of all, both administrative promotion and policy support should be taken to do everything possible to stabilize the area. In the assessment of food security, the weight of area yield and planting structure should be increased. At the same time, we should pay attention to both farmland hardware and scientific and technological software to raise the yield per unit area. 45 million mu of new farmland will be built, and 35 million mu of high-standard farmland will be upgraded. Start the project of increasing the yield of major grain and oil crops with the focus on corn. In addition, we should pay attention to disaster prevention and loss reduction, and reduce the losses.

  Promote consumption and expand investment, and vigorously promote the domestic cycle.

  Speaking of expanding domestic demand, Tang Renjian believes that agriculture, rural areas and farmers involve many industries, a wide range of fields and a large group. In expanding domestic demand and building a new development pattern, there is a very broad space to move and the potential to be tapped.

  Tang Renjian gave such a set of data:

  Although farmers’ income is not very high at present, the consumption increment created is almost the same as that of urban residents. With the continuous growth of farmers’ income, rural consumption has been accelerated.It is estimated that the annual consumption demand will increase by about 2 trillion yuan.

  The lag of agricultural and rural infrastructure construction is the most intuitive manifestation of the gap between urban and rural areas, which has a huge investment demand. Preliminary calculation,In the next 5 to 10 years, the investment demand for high-standard farmland and facility agriculture alone will be nearly 15 trillion yuan.

  Tang Renjian said that in 2023, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs will continue to make efforts to comprehensively promote rural revitalization and accelerate the construction of an agricultural power, especially in accelerating the activation of the rural market and releasing farmers’ consumption potential, smoothing the urban and rural circulation of workers and peasants and promoting the domestic cycle.

  Optimize supply and expand consumption.From the supply side and circulation channels, we will expand the production of green, organic, geographical indications and famous new agricultural products, focus on improving rural consumption hard facilities, optimize the soft environment, expand the rural coverage of e-commerce and logistics express delivery, and make agricultural products "go up smoothly" and industrial products "sink smoothly" to promote the upgrading of urban food consumption and the growth of rural durable goods consumption.

  Strengthen investment in construction traction.Solidly promote rural construction, continue to strengthen the construction of high-standard farmland, vigorously develop modern facility agriculture, lay out and build a number of storage and fresh-keeping facilities in production areas, cold chain collection and distribution centers and large-scale cold chain logistics bases, and continuously improve conditions such as water circuit and gas room information in rural areas, so as to expand effective investment in agriculture and rural areas and boost economic growth.

  Developing industries to help farmers increase their income.Guide all localities to strengthen leading enterprises, make up chains, promote formats and build brands, strengthen the processing and circulation industry of agricultural products, promote the integration of agricultural, cultural and tourism, vigorously develop rural e-commerce, accelerate the construction of modern agricultural parks, and continuously broaden the channels for farmers to increase their income and become rich.

  solidResolutely stick to the bottom line of not returning to poverty on a large scale

  Consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation is the bottom line task of comprehensively promoting rural revitalization. Tang Renjian said that in 2022, the results of poverty alleviation continued to be effectively consolidated. By the end of November, 65.7% of the monitored objects had eliminated the risk of returning to poverty, and the rest had also implemented assistance measures. There was no phenomenon of the whole village returning to poverty, and the employment scale of poverty-stricken laborers increased by 1.33 million over the previous year, reaching 32.78 million.

  "At present, affected by factors such as the COVID-19 epidemic and the economic downturn, we have encountered some new situations and new problems in consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation." In the face of difficult challenges, Tang Renjian gave a response plan.

  "We will take greater and more targeted measures to further enhance the endogenous development momentum of poverty-stricken areas and poverty-stricken people, and use development methods to keep poverty far away."

  In cultivating and upgrading industries,In accordance with the requirements of the word "native products", guide all localities to rely on the characteristic resources of agriculture and rural areas to develop various functions of agriculture, tap the diversified values of rural areas, and promote the upgrading of the whole chain of rural industries. We will increase the proportion of bridging funds used for industrial development to more than 60%, plan and implement a number of overall regional industrial projects, improve the mechanism of linking agriculture with agriculture, let the people out of poverty share more value-added benefits, and increase their income through industry stability.

  In terms of efforts to stabilize employment,Develop a number of county-level industries with large employment capacity to enrich the people, increase employment services and skills training for poverty-stricken laborers, and ensure that the employment scale of poverty-stricken laborers is stable at more than 30 million.

  In promoting entrepreneurial innovation,We will implement entrepreneurship support policies, build a number of entrepreneurship incubation training bases, and orderly guide college graduates to their hometowns, capable people to their hometowns, migrant workers to their hometowns, and entrepreneurs to their hometowns, so as to drive employment and increase income through entrepreneurship.

  A strong country must first strengthen agriculture, and a strong agriculture can strengthen the country.

  Tang Renjian said that the strong signal of attaching importance to agriculture and strengthening agriculture has been issued with heavy drums and hammers. We will systematically plan for anchoring this goal, study and formulate plans for accelerating the construction of a strong agricultural country, keep the two bottom lines of ensuring food security and preventing large-scale return to poverty at a higher level, promote rural development, rural construction and rural governance with high quality, innovate and implement the two-wheel drive of scientific and technological reform, and constantly open up a new era, a new journey and a new situation for the development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, laying a solid foundation for a good start in building a socialist modern country in an all-round way.

  (CCTV reporter Zhang Qin Wang Wei Liang Lijuan Wang Kaibo Yang Xiaobo Zhong Min Zhang Yuxi Jaco Zhang Hao Wang Jialin Huang Wei Shen Hao Han Fei)

Liu Guoguang: Accurately understand the relationship between market and government, market and plan in socialist market economy.

  General Secretary of the Supreme Leader recently pointed out that it is not only a major theoretical proposition, but also a major practical proposition to make the market play a decisive role in resource allocation and give better play to the role of the government. It is of great significance to scientifically understand this proposition and accurately grasp its connotation for comprehensively deepening the reform and promoting the healthy and orderly development of the socialist market economy. In this article, I will talk about the role of government and market in resource allocation.

  Economic construction and ideological work are not two parallel things.

  Let’s start with the dialectical relationship between economic construction and ideological work. Comrade Supreme Leader pointed out at the National Conference on Propaganda and Ideological Work: "Economic construction is the central work of the Party, and ideological work is an extremely important work of the Party." This sentence explains the dialectical relationship between economic construction and ideological work from a strategic perspective. In short, economic construction creates a material foundation for ideological work, and only when the central work of economic construction is done well can ideological work have a solid material foundation; On the other hand, ideological work can escort the central work of economic construction and ensure the sustained, rapid and healthy development of economic construction.

  According to the basic principle of historical materialism, the economic base determines the superstructure, and the superstructure will also react to the economic base. Of course, this also includes that ideology will react on the economic base.

  In class society, including in the primary stage of socialism, ideology has a distinct class nature. Capitalist economic base determines capitalist ideology, and socialist economic base determines socialist ideology. The ideology representing the advanced class interests promotes the social economic development, while the ideology representing the reactionary class interests hinders the social economic development. Comrade Mao Zedong once pointed out: "Any attempt to overthrow a political power must first create public opinion, and always do ideological work first. The revolutionary class is like this, and so is the counter-revolutionary class. " Gong Zizhen said: "If you destroy a country, you must first go to its history." The disintegration of the Soviet Union is a vivid example. Nowadays, some remarks that vilify revolutionary leaders, deny the 30 years before the reform and opening up, and discredit the public-owned economy and state-owned enterprises are very obvious. Their ultimate intention is to subvert communist party’s leadership and change the socialist economic system. In this regard, we should be vigilant, deeply understand the importance, long-term and complexity of ideological work, and consolidate the guiding position of Marxism in the ideological field.

  Economic construction and ideological work are not two parallel things, and some ideologies are closely related to economic work. Ideology goes deep into economic work, and economic work itself also contains ideological factors, such as the guiding ideology of economic construction itself belongs to the category of ideology.

  At present, among the popular erroneous thoughts in the ideological field, western constitutional democracy, "universal values", historical nihilism and civil society belong to the political, cultural and social fields; Neo-liberalism belongs to the trend of thought in the economic field and occupies a very important position in various trends of thought. The core viewpoints of neo-liberal economic theory, such as the hypothesis of "economic man", the theory of human nature pursuing self-interest, the theory of the perpetuity of private ownership, market fundamentalism, and the minimization of government functions ("night watchman"), have been widely spread in China’s economic and theoretical circles, exerting considerable influence on China’s economic reform and economic development. Where is our reform going, whether to take the completely liberalized market economy road or the Socialism with Chinese characteristics market economy road? To this, the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China made a clear answer: "We will unswervingly hold high the great banner of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, neither take the closed and rigid old road nor take the evil road of changing the flag."

  Put all political and economic relations in order

  At present, there is a popular saying at home and abroad about the political and economic situation in China, which is called "managing from the right to the left", that is, the economy tends to be more liberalized and market-oriented, and more control fields are liberalized; At the same time, it tends to be more authoritative politically, holding high the banner of Marxism–Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought and tightening ideological control. It seems that our country leans to the "right" in the economic field, but to the left in the political and ideological fields. It seems that both the left and right sides have discussions about this, with different angles and different likes and dislikes.

  Regardless of the right and wrong of the saying "ruling by the right and ruling by the left", theoretically speaking, this is a pair of contradictory concepts. According to the basic principle of historical materialism, politics, ideology and superstructure are determined by the economic base. If the superstructure is in the same direction as the economic base, the economic base can be consolidated; If the economic base deviates from the superstructure, then the economic base will be mutated and the original superstructure will be in danger of collapse.

  Some people have analyzed that the risk of "ruling from right to left" may lead to social division, so this situation is difficult to last for a long time. If the socialist economy is eroded by western neo-liberal economic thoughts for a long time, the tendency of liberalization and privatization will continue to rise, and the tendency of planned and public-owned economy will continue to weaken, and the socialist economic foundation will eventually deteriorate and become something incompatible with socialist ideology and superstructure. With the development of private economy, the strength of the bourgeoisie is growing, and its ideological influence is also expanding. Sooner or later, they will ask for decentralization or even power. At that time, even if they insist on scientific socialism in political thought, I am afraid it will be unsustainable. This is determined by the economic base and superstructure, and it is not transferred by human will. We must have a clear understanding of this.

  Since the reform and opening up, we have gradually established a socialist market economic system. According to the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, politically, "we must hold high the great banner of Socialism with Chinese characteristics and take Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, Theory of Three Represents and Scientific Outlook on Development as the guidance", while economically, "we must adhere to the direction of socialist market economy reform". That is to say, we should hold high Marxism–Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought as well as Deng Xiaoping Theory, Theory of Three Represents and Scientific Outlook on Development politically. Economically, we need both "market economy" and "socialism". If the above-mentioned political and economic relations between the two sides are put right, it will draw a clear line with the so-called "right politics and left politics".

  Adhere to the direction of socialist market economy

  Next, I would like to talk about the issue of "adhering to the direction of socialist market economy".

  The reform direction of the socialist market economy itself is the unity of economy and politics. Our reform is to establish a "socialist market economy", not a simple market economy, but a "socialist+or × market economy". "Socialist market economy" is a complete concept and an organic unity that cannot be separated. When the report of the 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the reform goal of the socialist market economy for the first time, it was clearly stated that the preposition "socialism" was added before the word "market economy", and there was also a prerequisite, that is, "under the macro-control of the state", so that the market could play an important role in the allocation of resources. There are macro and micro levels of resource allocation, and there are many different areas of resource allocation. At the micro level of resource allocation, that is, the allocation of various resources among various market entities, the law of market value can promote efficiency through changes in supply and demand and competition mechanism, and play a very important role, which can also be said to be a "decisive" role. However, at the macro level of resource allocation, such as the comprehensive balance of total supply and demand, the proportional structure of departments and regions, the protection of natural resources and environment, the fair distribution of social resources, and the allocation of resources involving national social security and people’s livelihood welfare (housing, education, medical care), we can’t all rely on the market to adjust, let alone "decide". There are many defects and deficiencies in the market mechanism in these macro levels and important fields, which need state intervention, government management and planned adjustment to correct, restrict and supplement the market behavior, and make up for the defects of the invisible hand with the "visible hand".

  In the past, when Comrade Deng Xiaoping proposed that socialism could also develop a market economy, he never denied the plan. He repeatedly said that both the plan and the market are means and can be used. The report of the 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China specifically pointed out that "the national plan is one of the important means of macro-control". Before the 14th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, when General Secretary Jiang Zemin explained the reform goal of choosing the socialist market economy at the provincial and ministerial level cadre training class of the Central Party School, he reminded us: "The socialist economy has been planned from the beginning, which has always been clear in people’s minds and understanding. Just because the word’ planned’ does not appear in the formulation, there will be no doubt about whether the planned nature has been cancelled." The above shows that the socialist market economy is a planned market economy, and affirms that in the socialist market economy system, both planning and market means of resource allocation should be used. But later, due to the influence of neo-liberal economic thought, there was a tendency to highlight the market and dilute the plan. Some people think that we are now engaged in market-oriented reform and the "plan" is not worth mentioning. The 11th Five-Year Plan was renamed as the 11th Five-Year Plan, but the word difference made a big fuss, cheering that it was farther away from the planned economy and closer to the market economy, and "planning" seemed to be a forbidden area. However, the report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China also proposed "giving full play to the guiding role of national development planning, planning and industrial policies in macro-control". The "the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Decision on Several Major Issues of Comprehensively Deepening Reform" (hereinafter referred to as the "Decision") adopted by the Third Plenary Session of the 18 th CPC Central Committee,"Make the market play a decisive role in resource allocation" is followed by "Give full play to the role of the government". It has retained "a sound macro-control system guided by national development strategy and planning, with fiscal policy and monetary policy as the main means", but in fact it also expressed the meaning of "plan-oriented", only avoiding the word "plan". I think it doesn’t matter much as long as the "macro-control system" is "guided by the national development strategy and planning" as stated in the "Decision".

  It is worth noting that the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out in the Explanation of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Decision on Comprehensively Deepening Reform: "The market plays a decisive role in the allocation of resources, but it does not play a full role." It can be seen that the "decisive role" of the market is limited. According to this spirit, the Decision not only describes the "decisive role" of the market, but also emphasizes the role of the government and the state plan, that is to say, the government and the state plan should play a "guiding role" in resource allocation. In this way, the idea of "double adjustment" between market and government, market and plan in resource allocation is highlighted. "Dual regulatory role" is a recent formulation by Comrade Cheng Enfu on the relationship between the market and the government in the Decision, which is quite reasonable.

  Then, in the adjustment of resource allocation, how to divide the work between the market and the government or plan? In my opinion, it is generally possible to divide the functions of market and government or plan according to the micro-level and macro-level of resource allocation. The market plays a decisive role in resource allocation and should be limited to the micro level. The reduction of government functions, such as administrative examination and approval, is also mainly in the micro field. As for the macro-level and micro-economic activities that have a significant impact on the macro-level resource allocation, the government should strengthen planning, regulation and management, and should not let the "invisible hand" of the market blindly manipulate and "decide" spontaneously. Of course, the government is duty-bound to provide services to the market, implement supervision and be a "night watchman".

  Both "visible hand" and "invisible hand" should play an important role in resource allocation.

  Understanding the relationship between "government" and "market" or "plan" and "market" in the socialist market economy in this way conforms to the principles of Marxist economics and is more conducive to adhering to the reform direction of "market economy" and "socialism".

  The Decision of the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee pointed out: "The market determines the allocation of resources is the general law of market economy", which is also the law of market value. However, what determines the allocation of resources in socialist economy is not the law of market value, but the law of planned and proportional development. Marxism holds that in common social production, that is, social production based on public ownership, the national economy should develop in a planned and proportional way. Marx said: "The saving of time and the planned distribution of labor time among different production departments are still the primary economic laws on the basis of joint production. This is even the rule at a much higher level. " This shows that the proportional distribution of labor time among production departments and the saving of labor time in utilization are the first economic law of collectivized economy. "Working time" includes living working time and materialized working time, which means human resources and material resources. It means to allocate and save resources in proportion in a planned way, which is the primary economic law to be followed in socialized production. Planned and proportional development is the sustained, stable and coordinated development that people consciously arrange. It is not the same as the traditional administrative mandatory planned economy, and it is not the "command economy" that some people disparage. "Planned" is mainly a guiding, strategic and predictive plan, which is used to guide the allocation of national resources and the development of national economy from a macro perspective. Of course, it also includes some necessary mandatory indicators, and does not rule out the accountability function of national plans. After the reform, we got rid of the disadvantages of the traditional planned economy and adapted to the national conditions in the primary stage.The socialist market economic system has been established, and the law of market value is respected, but the planned and proportional economic law under public ownership cannot be lost.

  In the primary stage of socialism, the socialist economy accommodates the market economy and becomes a socialist market economy, not a pure market economy or other market economies. Such a socialist market economy cannot be dominated by only one market value law, but must be dominated by the "law of planned and proportional development" while the market value law works. Therefore, the "Decision" of the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee said that "the market determines the allocation of resources is the general law of the market economy", which is absolutely correct as far as the market economy is concerned. It is also right to say that "the sound socialist market economic system must follow this law", but this is not the only law of the socialist market economy. The socialist market economy must first follow the law of planned and proportional development. This is the theoretical basis why in the socialist market economy, planning and market, government and market, conscious and spontaneous adjustment, "visible hand" and "invisible hand" all play an important role in resource allocation.

  We must understand the relationship between market and government, market and plan in socialist market economy from the viewpoint of Marxist economic theory, not from the viewpoint of liberal economy like Hayek, so that we can master the steering wheel of China’s reform ship and sail for a bright future of realizing the Chinese dream.

  (The author is a member of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

Juejuezi, yyds…… … Do you know the online buzzwords?

  Beijing, August 25 (Reporter Shangguan Yun) From "Juezi" to "yyds", some recent online buzzwords seem to be breaking the circle, becoming more and more common in daily life and being very versatile in use.

  Some people think that the prevalence of these buzzwords may lead to a single expression; Some people think that it is normal for language to have such changes in the network age … … How much do you know about these online buzzwords?

  Can you understand these buzzwords?

  In the recent online buzzwords, "yyds" (note: generally interpreted as "eternal god") can probably stand on the C position.

  Searching for "yyds" in Weibo has more than 20 related hot searches. Describe a good film and television drama, a delicious food, a good cosmetic, etc., and say "yyds" to express praise concisely.

  It is not the only popular "abbreviation". There are also "nsdd" of the same type, which means "you are right", and some people interpret it as "you are right". "dbq" means "I’m sorry" and is generally used to apologize.

  This is different from other online buzzwords, such as "planting grass", which can always roughly understand the literal meaning. But for people who don’t surf the Internet often, at first glance, the first feeling is probably "I don’t understand".

  "These abbreviations are not a very advanced network language. Compared with the formation of previous network buzzwords, they even have the meaning of deliberately going to the simple wind." Columnist Han Haoyue said.

  Variants of language

  In response to the emergence of online buzzwords such as "yyds", Huang Anjing, editor-in-chief of Chewing on Words, believes that this is a normal situation.

  "Theoretically, any language is not a ‘ Simple unification ’ There are variants that are different from the standard language. This kind of variation can be roughly divided into regional variation and social variation. The former is called regional dialect and the latter is called social dialect. " He said.

  For example, the Chinese used in daily communication by Shanghainese, Cantonese, Hunan and Sichuan people are different in pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar, and even difficult to understand each other. Linguistically, they are usually called Wu dialect, Guangdong dialect, Hunan dialect and Sichuan dialect.

  However, the languages used by social groups with different occupations, social status, education level, etc. are also different, which is divided according to the social groups using the language, so it is called social dialect.

  He believes that network language is a kind of social dialect, because of modern media — — Language varieties used in social group communication linked by network tools.

  In fact, "network language" can be divided into different "sub-variants". People who use online language have different ages, but the language they use is also different. It is normal that "Juejuezi", "Zhusun" and "yyds" are popular in their scope of application.

  Different types of online buzzwords

  It is not uncommon for online buzzwords to enter the public’s field of vision from a small circle. In recent years, among the "Top Ten Catchwords" selected by Chewing on Words, there are a certain number of online languages, such as "God beast" and "lemon essence".

  Huang Anjing said that when evaluating whether these online buzzwords can be selected, the most critical criterion is to see whether they meet the standard language — — The inherent structure and application of Mandarin Chinese, and whether it conforms to the social moral civilization norms of our country.

  The types that can’t be selected, including "yyds" and "yygq", are not language components in Chinese at all; There are also pathological abbreviations, such as "ten moves but refuse" and "people are difficult to tear down", which are not in line with traditional Chinese grammar, resulting in unclear meanings.

  Then there are pure homophonic words, such as "moderator" as "spot bamboo", "what" as "god horse" and "nothing" as "wood" (which is a homophonic Guangdong dialect) and so on. There is another kind of uncivilized words, which are vulgar and indecent.

  Huang Anjing found that any dialect will have an impact on the standard language. Moreover, the language elements in many dialects will also enter the standard language and become the components of the standard language, which is an objective language law.

  "We need to change a concept, and don’t look at the network language that we don’t understand, and we will strongly condemn it. In addition to those negative types, there are also many online buzzwords that belong to positive types. " He said.

  What does their popularity mean?

  However, there are also views that link the popularity of online buzzwords with the "lack of language" of online students, which means the retrogression of users’ expression ability and may even affect the richness of language.

  For example, some people think that if online buzzwords are widely used, some words with more precise and vivid expressions may be left out in the cold or even forgotten.

  "The popularity of online languages will enhance the richness and diversity of languages. Among the positive online buzzwords, many have entered the standard Chinese language system." Huang Anjing explained that the emergence of network language will bring increment to the language library.

  Language is a social symbol, which will inevitably take on the characteristics of the times. He believes that we should treat cyber terms with an open and inclusive attitude and absorb cyber terms that conform to the structural characteristics of Chinese and the norms of social civilization into our vocabulary.

  "However, it should be noted that there are a lot of negative elements in online language that do not conform to the structural characteristics of Chinese and the norms of social civilization. Language guidance and even supervision under the network background are important and urgent. This requires the joint efforts of all sectors of society. " He added.

How to check the remaining traffic of mobile phone

In modern society, mobile phones have become an indispensable part of our daily life, and mobile phone traffic is an important resource for us to connect to the Internet. However, many users often face a problem: how to quickly and accurately query the remaining traffic of mobile phones? This paper will introduce several common query methods to help you master them easily.

* * First, use the phone’s own function to query * *

Most smartphones have built-in traffic query function. Users can find options such as "network and Internet" or "SIM card and traffic management" in the setting menu of the mobile phone, click to enter and select "traffic usage" or "traffic monitoring" to view the current used traffic and remaining traffic. This method is simple and direct, and there is no need to install additional applications.

* * 2. Inquire through the operator’s APP * *

Major operators have launched their own mobile apps, through which users can check the remaining traffic of mobile phones. First of all, users need to download and install the corresponding operator APP, and then log in to their own accounts to view the detailed traffic usage in the APP, including used traffic, remaining traffic, package details and so on. In addition, the operator APP also provides convenient functions such as traffic reminder and traffic recharge.

* * Third, call the operator’s customer service phone to inquire * *

If it is inconvenient for users to use the mobile APP or the mobile phone’s own function to query traffic, they can also call the operator’s customer service phone to query. Users only need to call the corresponding operator’s customer service phone number and select the corresponding service according to the voice prompt, so they can query the remaining traffic of the mobile phone. It should be noted that it may take a certain waiting time to call customer service.

* * Fourth, use third-party applications to query * *

In addition to the above methods, users can also query the remaining traffic of mobile phones through some third-party applications. These applications usually have richer functions and more friendly interfaces, but users need to carefully choose reliable third-party applications and pay attention to protecting personal privacy and information security.

Through the above methods, users can easily query the remaining mobile phone traffic, and reasonably arrange the traffic usage plan according to their own usage.