标签归档:西安品茶论坛

In order to strengthen its military strength, Poland continues to "buy in buy buy" and is ready to buy an airborne early warning aircraft.

  Poland will purchase the "Eye of the World" airborne early warning aircraft from Sweden to enhance the strength of the air force.

  The "Eye of the World" early warning radar has a maximum detection range of about 550 kilometers and has strong airborne early warning aircraft and command and control capabilities.

  According to the US "Defense News" website reported on May 24th, the Polish Defense Minister is negotiating with Sweden on the purchase of AEW&C by the Polish Air Force.

  "Eye of the World" is an airborne early warning and command and control system developed by Saab, a Swedish defense and security company. The system consists of Erieye extended-range radar of Saab and sensors of the mission system. It can be installed on the "Global" 6000/6500 long-range business jet produced by Bombardier. The maximum detection distance of the radar is about 550 kilometers, the maximum number of detected targets exceeds 300, and the mission life is about 11 hours.

  According to reports, Poland plans to spend 689 million US dollars to purchase two "Eye of the World" early warning aircraft, and reserve the right to purchase the other two. The two aircraft will be delivered to Poland before 2027.

  At present, the main equipment of the Polish Air Force includes 48 F-16s, 28 MiG -29 fighters (some of which have been handed over to Ukraine), 18 Su -22 fighter-bombers and trainers. In recent years, in order to enhance the air force’s combat capability, Poland has accelerated the pace of purchasing new fighters. In 2020, Poland spent $4.8 billion to purchase 32 F-35A stealth fighters.

  Last September, Poland signed an arms purchase agreement with South Korea, and Poland will spend 3 billion US dollars to buy 48 South Korean F/A-50 light fighters. According to the agreement, the first batch of 12 aircraft will be delivered in the second half of 2023, and the second batch of 36 aircraft will be delivered between 2025 and 2028. In August last year, Poland and South Korea signed another military purchase contract. Poland will buy a batch of K-2 Panther main battle tanks and K-9 self-propelled artillery from South Korea, with a contract value of 5.76 billion US dollars. In addition, Poland also plans to purchase 96 Boeing AH-64E Apache helicopter gunships with a total value of 12.5 billion US dollars.

General Administration of Market Supervision: It will issue opinions with relevant departments to improve the consumption environment and start the establishment of a national demonstration city for a

Cctv newsThe State Council Press Office held a routine briefing on the State Council policy this afternoon (July 31). Kuang Xu, director of the Law Enforcement Inspection Bureau of the General Administration of Market Supervision, introduced at the meeting that as the lead department for protecting consumers’ rights and interests, the General Administration of Market Supervision thoroughly implemented the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, made great efforts to create a secure consumption environment and promote consumption quality and expansion. Specifically, it includes three aspects: building the system, keeping the bottom line and raising the line.

First, constantly improve the laws and regulations and consolidate the institutional foundation of the consumption environment.General administration of market supervisionFocusing on new situations and new problems in the field of consumption, we actively responded to consumers’ concerns, and revised a series of rules and regulations, such as the Measures for the Supervision and Administration of Online Transactions, the Provisions on Clearly Marking Prices and Prohibiting Price Fraud, the Measures for the Administration of Internet Advertising, and the Measures for the Administration of Contract Supervision, so as to promote the overall construction of a coordinated supervision pattern of the consumption environment. Focus on new formats such as blind box management, duty-free online shopping, and new energy vehicles, issue normative guidelines, carry out administrative guidance, and implement defective product recalls, and guide emerging fields such as home appliances, automobiles, duty-free, blind boxes, and e-commerce to improve after-sales service and boost consumer confidence.

The second is to continuously strengthen supervision and law enforcement and purify the market consumption environment. Safety is the premise of consumption. Market supervision departments continue to promote the "iron fist" action in the field of people’s livelihood, and severely crack down on the problems that the masses have strongly reflected, such as illegal food addition, fake and shoddy products, advertisements of "magical medicine" and medical beauty chaos. Since the beginning of this year, more than 350,000 cases in the field of people’s livelihood have been investigated. Focusing on consumers’ concerns, we have successively carried out special actions such as lighting up hundreds of e-commerce platforms, protecting the safety of children’s and students’ supplies, improving the quality of dairy products, and improving the quality of catering, so as to enhance the satisfaction of people’s daily consumption. This year, the General Administration will also comprehensively publicize consumer complaint information, promote the formation of a closed loop of consumption-evaluation-supervision, and guide operators to enhance their awareness of honesty and law-abiding and the quality of goods and services.

The third is to comprehensively carry out consumer confidence actions to enhance consumers’ sense of acquisition.General administration of market supervisionTogether with 26 departments, we will guide all industries and regions to improve the soft power of the consumption environment, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of operators and consumers, and build a large number of regional brands such as assured shops, assured markets, assured neighborhoods, assured scenic spots, assured villages and "satisfied consumption Yangtze River Delta" nationwide to stimulate urban and rural consumption. Actively explore the transformation of credit assets of assured consumers, and use financial "assured loans" to enhance the sense of acquisition of the real economy and small and micro enterprises. Continue to promote offline return without reason, local shopping in different places, advance payment and rapid return, and 654,000 physical stores across the country have returned about 5.38 billion yuan. Improve the online dispute settlement mechanism of the national 12315 platform, promote 132,000 enterprises to settle in the platform, and promote 16.5% of consumer disputes to be directly resolved at the source. Carry out the food safety "you check me" service to benefit people’s livelihood. More than 60 million people have participated in the spot check activities, and the sampling amount is close to 320,000 batches, building a "heart-to-heart bridge" to serve the people.

Kuang Xu said that in the next step, the General Administration will also issue opinions with relevant departments to improve the consumption environment, launch the creation of a national demonstration city for assured consumption, give play to the role of traction and incitement in the overall creation of the city, and drive the consumption environment in various places to further upgrade.

Eye-catching "report card" shows development confidence and confidence. China economy shows "tough strength"

CCTV News:On February 1st, "News Network" reported the financial revenue and expenditure of China in 2023, the scale of service trade, the new breakthrough of Xiamen Port’s "Silk Road Shipping" route, etc. Combined with the recent new achievements in the fields of people’s livelihood, opening up to the outside world and energy supply, it can be seen that China’s economy will carry forward the past and forge ahead into the future, and the new year will surely sail and sail.     

[Promote the economy to achieve effective improvement in quality and reasonable growth in quantity]

In 2023, fiscal revenue maintained a recovery growth trend.

At the press conference held by the State Council Office on February 1, the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Finance said that in 2023, China’s fiscal revenue maintained a recovery growth trend, and the national general public budget revenue exceeded 21 trillion yuan, an increase of 6.4%, and the fiscal revenues of 31 provinces all achieved positive growth; The national general public budget expenditure exceeded 27 trillion yuan, an increase of 5.4%. Social security, employment, science and technology and other key expenditure areas are strongly guaranteed.

This year, the central government will appropriately raise the level of central and provincial investment subsidies for the construction of high-standard farmland, and the structural tax reduction and fee reduction policy will focus on supporting scientific and technological innovation and manufacturing development, so as to promote the effective improvement of quality and reasonable growth of the economy.

Ministry of Finance: Take effective measures to support scientific and technological innovation in 2024.

Scientific and technological innovation is an important direction of China’s fiscal expenditure. The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Finance said that in 2024, China will take more powerful and effective measures to promote the construction of modern industrial system with scientific and technological innovation and develop new quality productivity. 

Vice Minister of Finance Wang Dongwei:In terms of policy orientation, it pays attention to strengthening the main position of enterprise innovation. Pay attention to the role of demand traction. Pay attention to improving the toughness and safety level of the industrial chain supply chain. Pay attention to stimulating the vitality of researchers, support the pilot reform of salary system in universities and research institutes, accelerate the pilot reform of ownership or long-term use right of post scientific and technological achievements, and fully mobilize the enthusiasm and creativity of researchers.

Wang Dongwei said that in 2024, in terms of the use of funds, efforts will be made to deepen the reform of the allocation and use mechanism of financial science and technology funds, strengthen the overall planning of scientific and technological tasks and funds, and highlight key support points. It is necessary to increase investment in basic research, applied basic research and cutting-edge research, and support the promotion of original innovation ability; Fully guarantee to win the key core technology battle, support the layout and implementation of a number of major national science and technology projects, and accelerate the seizure of the commanding heights of science and technology; At the same time, we should focus on national laboratories, national scientific research institutions, high-level research universities and leading enterprises in science and technology, and support the strengthening of national strategic scientific and technological strength; It is also necessary to strengthen the overall planning of innovative resources such as projects, funds, bases and talents, strengthen performance management, and strive to improve the use effect of science and technology funds.

Ministry of Finance: The subsidy level for high-standard farmland construction will be appropriately raised.

In 2023, China’s grain production achieved another bumper harvest and maintained growth for many years, which is inseparable from the support of state financial funds. At the press conference, the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Finance said that in 2024, the central government will appropriately raise the level of central and provincial investment subsidies for high-standard farmland construction.

Li Xianzhong, Director of the Treasury Department of the Ministry of Finance:In 2024, the central government will appropriately raise the level of central and provincial investment subsidies for the construction of high-standard farmland, continue to support the seed industry revitalization action, the short-board action of agricultural machinery and equipment, and agricultural socialization services, explore the establishment of an inter-provincial horizontal interest compensation mechanism for grain production and marketing areas, improve the diversified investment mechanism, and at the same time, strengthen supervision over the use of funds and the implementation of policies to better ensure national food security.

According to reports, in 2023, the central government allocated 92 billion yuan to support the construction, renovation and upgrading of 80 million mu of high-standard farmland, and launched a pilot project for comprehensive utilization of saline-alkali land. Raise the minimum purchase price of wheat, and expand the coverage of full cost insurance and planting income insurance for the three major grain crops to all major grain-producing counties in China. 

[The scale of China’s service trade reached a record high in 2023]

According to the data released by the Ministry of Commerce on February 1, 2023, the total import and export of services in China was 6,575.43 billion yuan, up 10% year-on-year, and the scale of service trade reached a record high. Among them, travel services have the fastest growth. The import and export of travel services in the whole year was 1,485.62 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 73.6%.

At present, China is comprehensively deepening the pilot of innovation and development of service trade, and at the same time carrying out a comprehensive pilot of expanding and opening up the service industry, and continuously releasing the pilot system dividend. There are already 112 export bases of special services in China, covering seven fields, including culture, digital services, geographic information, intellectual property rights and language services.

[The first batch of special loans for urban village reconstruction projects will benefit people’s livelihood]

The reporter learned from China Development Bank and China Agricultural Development Bank that the first batch of special loans for urban village reconstruction projects have been distributed in Guangzhou, Zhengzhou and other cities since January 30th, involving more than 100 projects.

On January 30, China Development Bank issued a special loan of 9.08 billion yuan for the renovation of villages in cities, involving nearly 100 projects in Guangzhou, Zhengzhou, Jinan, Nanjing and other cities, benefiting more than 100,000 residents and building 238,400 sets of resettlement houses. China Agricultural Development Bank has also issued special loans to urban village reconstruction projects in more than ten cities including Shijiazhuang, Jinan, Chengdu, Wuhan, Ningbo, Hefei and Guiyang since January 30th.

Wang Xinfeng, Deputy Director of Housing and Urban Construction Business Department of China Development Bank:The special loan funds are earmarked for the preliminary work of the transformation of villages in cities, the construction of compensation and resettlement housing communities, and the related supporting infrastructure (construction) of the communities. The use of funds is closed and earmarked. In the process of fund management, we strive to reduce the cost of funds and provide low-cost and efficient financial support for the transformation of villages in cities.

At the end of last year, the Central Economic Work Conference proposed to accelerate the construction of affordable housing, the construction of public infrastructure for ordinary and emergency use, and the reconstruction of villages in cities.

Dong Ximiao, Principal Investigator of Zhaolian:The special loan for urban village reconstruction has the advantages of stable source, large amount of funds, low interest rate and long term, which is helpful to solve the problems of large capital demand and long period in the early stage of urban village reconstruction. The landing of the first batch of special loans for the reconstruction of urban villages means that the reconstruction of urban villages has been accelerated.

[China will build a highland for cooperation with Africa in the inland province of Hunan]

Ministry of Commerce: Support Hunan to accelerate the development of cooperation with Africa

Recently, the Overall Plan for the Construction of China-Africa Economic and Trade Cooperation Pioneer Zone was approved by the State Council and officially issued. At the special press conference held on January 31, the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Commerce said that by giving full play to Hunan’s industrial and geographical advantages, it will further optimize the accumulation and allocation of non-cooperative resources and support Hunan to accelerate its development of non-cooperation with Africa.

According to reports, the "Overall Plan for the Construction of China-Africa Economic and Trade Cooperation Pioneer Zone" clearly requires that the pioneer zone should focus on the construction of an innovative zone for economic and trade cooperation with Africa, a leading zone for deep economic and trade cooperation with Africa, a bearing zone for industrial chain cooperation with Africa and a "meeting room" for economic and trade exchanges and cooperation with Africa, and build an African non-resource product distribution and trading center, a China-Africa cross-border e-commerce cooperation center, a China-Africa industrial chain cultivation center, a China-Africa financial cooperation center, a China-Africa logistics center serving the central and western regions and a China-Africa

In addition, the Pioneer Zone relies on the China (Hunan) Pilot Free Trade Zone, meets international high-standard economic and trade rules, strengthens policy integration and innovation in optimizing China-Africa trade structure, deepening capacity cooperation, promoting financial logistics service innovation, and strengthening people-to-people exchanges in think tanks, and comprehensively improves the level of China-Africa economic and trade cooperation, and timely summarizes and evaluates new experiences and practices, so as to replicate and promote them in a wider scope.

The construction of the pioneering area will emphasize "depth" and "pioneering"

At the special press conference held on January 31, the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Commerce said that the construction of the pioneering zone of China-Africa deep economic and trade cooperation will highlight the two aspects of "depth" and "first", and strive to promote the in-depth development of China-Africa cooperation, improve quality and increase efficiency.

Deepen cooperation in key areas. The pioneer area will focus on trade, investment, finance, personnel exchanges and other fields, promote the liberalization and facilitation of the flow of resource elements, and accelerate the cooperation between China and Africa in the fields of digital economy, green and low carbon, transportation and logistics; Deepen the docking of domestic and foreign markets, strengthen the docking of the pioneering zone with Chinese enterprises in Africa and overseas economic and trade cooperation zones, promote the development of industrial agglomeration in China and Africa, and close the cooperation between China and Africa; We will further promote the participation of all sectors of society and build a good platform for more domestic departments, localities, enterprises and financial institutions to exchange and cooperate with Africa.

In terms of "going first", we should try first to expand opening up and facilitate cooperation with Africa. Further optimize market access, strengthen market distribution function, cultivate new formats of cross-border e-commerce and carry out product processing cooperation; We will take the lead in linking the Pilot Free Trade Zone and innovating the policy measures for cooperation with Africa. Relying on the Hunan Pilot Free Trade Zone, we will promote the introduction of supporting policies for the Pilot Free Trade Zone and form a pattern in which the Pilot Free Trade Zone and the Free Trade Zone promote each other.

[Clean energy helps to build Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area’s energy security defense line]

After 30 years of safe operation, Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station has supplied 310.4 billion kWh of electricity to Hong Kong.

Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station was officially put into commercial operation on February 1, 1994, and has been safely put into operation for 30 years. On February 1, China Guangdong Nuclear Power Group said that in the past 30 years, Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station has supplied 310.4 billion kWh of electricity to Hong Kong.

Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station is the first large-scale commercial nuclear power station in mainland China, with six million kilowatt nuclear power units. By the end of last year, the cumulative on-grid electricity consumption of six units reached 939.1 billion kWh, equivalent to reducing the consumption of standard coal by over 280 million tons and reducing carbon dioxide emission by over 770 million tons, equivalent to afforestation of about 2.11 million hectares. Among them, 80% of the on-grid electricity of Units 1 and 2 of Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station was delivered to Hong Kong, and the cumulative power supply to Hong Kong reached 310.4 billion kWh, accounting for nearly 30% of the social electricity consumption in Hong Kong.

Land construction of the platform for the second phase of "Deep Sea No.1" project was completed.

China CNOOC was released on February 1st, and the land construction of the comprehensive processing platform for the second phase of "Deep Sea No.1" project was completed. At the same time, underwater construction is also stepping up, laying the foundation for scheduled production.

The comprehensive processing platform of the second phase of "Deep Sea No.1" project consists of underwater jacket and water production blocks, with a total height of about 136 meters, equivalent to the height of nearly 49-story residential buildings, and a total weight of 12,215 tons, equivalent to the weight of more than 8,100 cars. Among them, the deck plane of the water production block is 57.5 meters long and 36 meters wide, and the projection area is equivalent to the size of five standard basketball courts.

At the same time as the construction of land facilities in the second phase of "Deep Sea No.1" project is stepping up, the underwater construction is also advancing. Recently, the underwater jacket supporting the platform successfully slipped into the water near Sanya and was accurately positioned. It is planned to be installed with the water production block during the Spring Festival.

"Deep Sea No.1" gas field is the first 100 billion cubic meters ultra-deep water gas field independently explored and developed in China, with the maximum water depth exceeding 1500 meters. The second phase of "Deep Sea No.1" project is about 70 kilometers away from "Deep Sea No.1" energy station. The design adopts intelligent joint control data sharing scheme, and the oil and gas produced is remotely controlled by the energy station. The treated natural gas is transported to the natural gas receiving terminal in Zhuhai, Guangdong Province through pipelines and supplied to Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.

Up to now, the cumulative natural gas production of "Deep Sea No.1" exceeds 7 billion cubic meters, and the cumulative oil production exceeds 700,000 cubic meters.

[Shipping+Land Transport Paves a New Way for the Belt and Road Initiative]

Xiamen Port’s "Silk Road Shipping" route has exceeded 10,000 times.

According to Xiamen Customs, the "Silk Road Shipping" route originating from Xiamen Port exceeded 10,000 ships on February 1, and the container throughput was 11.16 million TEUs.

Zhejiang: China-Europe trains ushered in a "good start" in the first month, with a year-on-year increase of 26.8%.

On January 31st, the X8020 China-Europe train with 110 TEUs of small commodities and hardware supplies slowly left Yiwu West Railway Station. This train will leave the country via Alashankou Port in Xinjiang and go to Malashevich, Poland.

The reporter learned from Hangzhou Railway Logistics Center of Shanghai Railway Bureau that in January this year, 110 trains were operated in Zhejiang Central Europe, and 12,000 TEUs of goods were delivered, a year-on-year increase of 26.8%, which ushered in a "good start" in the first month.

["Small package" mapping vitality China has taken many measures to smooth the "microcirculation" of people’s livelihood happiness] 

With the approach of the Spring Festival, the business volume of postal express delivery has gradually increased. At present, nearly 500 million pieces of express delivery are received and sent every day. According to the State Post Bureau, due to the large business volume of postal express delivery in Spring Festival travel rush this year, the Spring Festival is relatively late and the pre-holiday promotion lasts for a long time, the business volume mainly based on new year’s goods is larger than in previous years. Going out empty-handed has become a new trend this year, and more and more people send their luggage, gifts and specialties home by express delivery. In addition, the recent rainy and snowy weather period is at the peak of the delivery of new year’s goods before the Spring Festival, and the areas seriously affected by rain and snow are located in the central transportation hub provinces of China, which has put great pressure on the delivery of new year’s goods. The State Post Bureau has deployed a large-scale investigation and rectification campaign for the hidden dangers of major accidents in the postal express delivery industry to ensure the safe operation of the express delivery business.

Basic knowledge of e-commerce: introduction of supply chain products

With the development of e-commerce, many people know that a very important competitiveness of enterprises lies in the supply chain, but what is the supply chain? Most articles on the Internet talk about some concepts, which makes it difficult for practitioners to implement them. This paper will talk about the understanding of e-commerce supply chain based on the author’s own experience, and welcome all interested parties to exchange and learn together.

Baidu Encyclopedia tells us: "Around the core enterprises, through the control of information flow, logistics and capital flow, starting from purchasing raw materials, intermediate products and final products are made, and finally the products are delivered to consumers by the sales network. It is a functional network chain model that connects suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers and end users as a whole. "

Simply put, it is the process of goods from [supplier] to [seller] to [demander]. Of course, there are many roles involved in this process, and these roles are interrelated and form a complex network model. An enterprise may play multiple roles in both supplier and seller, so the chain of supply chain will be shortened. Logistics, from [supplier] to [demander]; Capital flow from [demand side] to [supply side]; Information flow, various roles pass each other.

What is a good supply chain? My understanding is: better goods (quality and price), faster transportation, better service and better cost.

Most of the articles on the internet now make you feel particularly reasonable, as mentioned above, but after reading them, I still don’t know how to apply them to my products.

The design of e-commerce supply chain, the most important thing is based on business. There are many types of e-commerce business. Here, I will talk about my own understanding only for the most common business. There are many ways to classify e-commerce business. Here, we will explain e-commerce business from the perspective of commodity source, commodity sales and warehousing and distribution.

Source of goods: self-production, self-mining, investment promotion, etc. Self-production means that goods are produced by themselves, such as herbs; Self-mining refers to purchasing goods from suppliers, such as most of the goods of Netease koala; Merchants, merchants enter the platform for sale, such as Tmall.

Commodity sale: own platform, third-party platform, wholesale, etc. Own platform, refers to the development of their own platform to sell goods, such as Gegejia; Third-party platforms refer to opening stores for sale on third-party platforms, such as Tmall and JD.COM; Wholesale, the downstream of this business does not actually reach the consumer, and it may reach the consumer through other sellers many times, so it is listed separately, such as dolphin supply chain.

Warehouse delivery: Do you build your own warehouse and deliver the goods yourself?

Of course, most companies include the above businesses, such as Netease koala, and the sources of goods include self-mining and merchants’ settlement; Commodity sales include self-owned platforms and third-party platforms; Warehouse delivery, including self-built warehouses and cooperative warehouses, is the responsibility of third-party companies.

Let’s assume that the e-commerce business is as follows

Source of goods: self-mining;

Commodity sales: own platform;

Warehouse delivery: self-built warehouse, third-party company delivery.

Then the positive process of e-commerce supply chain products is roughly as follows:

  1. The supplier is the supplier, and the goods are originally in the supplier’s place;
  2. Enterprise system (ERP) establishes purchase orders through purchase plans, and collects goods from suppliers into its own warehouses;
  3. The warehouse system (WMS) manages the inventory of goods in the warehouse system through transport documents/receipt documents, associated purchase orders, or other warehousing methods;
  4. After the enterprise system (ERP) obtains the commodity information and inventory information, it transmits the commodity information to consumers through its own platform for commodity sales.
  5. After receiving the order information, the order system (OMS) processes the order (customer review, financial review, warehouse selection, opening and closing, etc.) and monitors the order. After the order is processed, push the order information to the corresponding warehouse; (The most direct experience of users to e-commerce enterprises is logistics, so the processing and monitoring of orders directly affect the user experience, including the "full link of orders" proposed by Tmall, which aims to improve the user experience here)
  6. After receiving the order information, WMS performs operations such as billing, sorting, inspection and delivery, and delivers the order to a third-party courier company for distribution.
  7. Goods reach consumers through express delivery.

There are several systems involved here. Let me explain the terms first:

  • ERPEnterprise Resource Planning, which mainly refers to the internal systems of the company, including procurement management, commodity management, marketing management, CRM, after-sales work order management, financial management, employee management, etc.
  • WMS: Warehouse Management System, which mainly refers to the system used inside the warehouse, including the management of warehousing, warehouse distribution and delivery (billing, picking, inspection, delivery, etc.).
  • OMS: Order Management System, which mainly refers to the operation and monitoring of orders, such as customer orders, financial review, warehouse selection, opening and closing orders, etc. Monitor and deal with all kinds of timeliness and anomalies of orders. OMS is also a part of ERP system conceptually. Because it is particularly important in the supply chain system, it is listed separately here.

Another common type of e-commerce business

Source of goods: merchants settle in;

Commodity sales: own platform;

Warehouse delivery: there is no self-built warehouse, and the third party company delivers the goods.

Then the positive process of e-commerce supply chain products is roughly as follows:

  1. As the supplier, the settled merchants initially have the goods there;
  2. The settled merchants release commodity information and manage commodity inventory through the merchant background system;
  3. Enterprise system (ERP) examines the commodity information of merchants, and manages and sells the commodities of merchants;
  4. After receiving the order information, the order system (OMS) processes the order (such as customer review, financial review, merchant selection, order splitting and order merging) and monitors the order. After the order is processed, push the order information to the corresponding merchant;
  5. The settled merchants get the order information through the merchant background system, and operate and deliver the order;
  6. Goods reach consumers.

An excellent e-commerce supply chain not only means that we can get good goods (quality and price) offline, but also requires the close and efficient cooperation of all the roles on the chain (suppliers, sellers, warehouses, etc.) and various online systems (ERP, OMS, WMS, TMS, merchant systems) in order to achieve faster distribution, better service and better cost. This should be the core of e-commerce enterprises.

E-commerce supply chain system is a complicated system. Today is the first day of 2017. Let’s write a big framework first, and strive to improve each part step by step this year. Welcome interested friends to communicate!

 

Author: nonsense, micro-signal: wangboforeversmile

This article was originally published by @ nonsense. Everyone is a product manager. Reprinting is prohibited without permission.

According to the micro-survey, 20% of more than 600 primary school students said that "they can only break up with their mobile phones for one day at most"

The child is staring at the mobile phone screen. Photo by reporter Jin Siliu

  At the beginning of school, Ms. Li, who lives in Jiangxia, Wuhan, "panicked". "The balance of the bank card is insufficient. When I checked the consumption flow, the 12,000 yuan in the card was all recharged by the children playing games to buy props."

  Ms. Li’s child is a "online game fan" this year. During the summer vacation, children play online games to kill time and buy equipment in the online game mall through WeChat coin purse. Ms. Li knows nothing about this.

  How do primary school students deal with APP in their leisure time? In the past few days, the reporter launched the "APP survey commonly used by primary school students in Wuhan" online and offline. As of 18: 00 on August 31, more than 600 valid questionnaires were collected, including 431 online surveys and 175 offline surveys. Statistics show that chatting, short videos and game apps have won a lot of "juvenile hearts".

  Nearly 60% of primary school students have exclusive mobile phones or iPad.

  According to this survey, 58.7% of primary school students have their own smart phones or iPads, and mobile phones or iPads have become "playmates" and "study companions" for many primary school students. 60.09% parents have time restrictions on their children’s use of electronic products such as mobile phones, 36.66% parents only allow their children to study, and only 3.25% parents have no restrictions on electronic products and can use them at any time.

  It is noteworthy that in this survey, 56.15% of primary school students said that they used their mobile phones or iPads for less than one hour every day, 35.5% used their mobile phones or iPads for 1-3 hours, 6.03% used their mobile phones or iPads for 3-5 hours, and 2.32% used their mobile phones or iPads for more than 5 hours every day. Experts generally recommend that children use electronic products for no more than one hour every day.

  Some primary school students said frankly.

  "You can only break up with your mobile phone for one day at most."

  In the survey "How long do you think you can live without your smartphone or iPad at most", 20.42% choose a day, 33.41% choose a week, 23.2% choose a month and 22.97% choose a year or more.

  "You can only break up with your mobile phone for one day at most!" A 10-year-old boy named "Mark" told reporters that he has his own iPad. Besides online classes, he also downloaded many commonly used apps and online games, such as WeChat, homework help, Tik Tok, Snake and Cool Dog Music. Parents stipulate that you should not use the iPad for more than one hour every day, but it is not strictly enforced on weekends and summer vacations. After a summer vacation, he felt that his eyesight had declined, but he was afraid to tell his parents.

  China Children’s Development Report (2019) released by China Children’s Center and Social Science Literature Publishing House on August 2019)— — Children’s life outside school shows that children spend an average of 43.24 minutes using electronic products every day on school days. It takes longer to use electronic products on weekends, with an average of 96.27 minutes.

  Excessive use of electronic products is not conducive to children’s physical and mental health. A survey shows that the longer children use electronic products, the lower their social skills and anti-frustration scores, and the higher their myopia.

  Chat, short video, game APP

  Won the "juvenile heart"

  In the "APP you use most often" option survey, 63.11% of the respondents checked "APP related to learning", accounting for the highest proportion. Followed by social apps such as QQ and WeChat, accounting for 61.72%; Short video apps such as Tik Tok and Aauto Quicker accounted for 37.82%, game apps such as the glory of the king accounted for 24.13%, and other apps accounted for 15.31%.

  Children put learning-related apps in the first place when filling out the questionnaire, but when the reporter actually investigated and visited, it was found that the latter three types of apps were the most interesting and used by children: social, short videos and games. China Child Development Report (2019)— — The Situation of Children’s Life Outside School also shows that children’s liking for watching Tik Tok, cartoons and Aauto Quicker for entertainment (4.19 points), playing online games and chatting online (4.00 points) has reached or even exceeded 4 points (out of 5 points).

  More than 30% of respondents occasionally brush short videos.

  Regarding "Do you pay attention to Tik Tok, Aauto Quicker, Volcano, bilibili and other short video apps", 47.33% choose "I know but I’m not interested", 36.43% choose "I pay attention to it and brush it occasionally", 10.9% choose "I brush it often and find it very interesting" and 5.34% choose "I not only brush it, but also try to upload it myself".

  It can be seen that short video has attracted more and more attention after the rapid development in recent years. The children interviewed all know short video apps such as Tik Tok and Aauto Quicker, and the proportion of using them for 1-3 hours every day has reached 15.55%.

  "According to your observation, what types of short videos do peers around you like to brush? In a survey, pupils’ responses mainly focused on five aspects, among which "parody in life" accounted for 54.99%, "entertainment circle related to idols" accounted for 34.34%, and "game explanation tutorial" accounted for 36.19%. However, "related to learning and professional skills" accounted for 37.35%, and "related to natural and cultural landscapes" accounted for 23.2%.

  In the item "Why did you start to brush short video apps", children said that they often saw them online, accounting for 33.41%; Secondly, "curious, take the initiative to use" accounted for 29.23%, "classmates often brush" accounted for 20.88%, and "parents often brush" accounted for 16.47%.

  Zhou Lina, a teacher of ideological and political course in Chongren Road Primary School, said that there are more and more APP softwares, which are constantly updated. Many softwares are helpful for children’s learning, which stimulate students’ interest in learning through entertaining, and the game mode meets children’s curiosity. However, for teenagers and even adults, we should have self-control. Parents need to set an example in front of their children, not to let their children drift, and not to ignore communication with them. It is suggested that we can accompany our children to study and discuss together, control the use time reasonably, pay attention to scientific use of eyes and protect our eyesight. In addition, the home and school closely cooperate to check the APPs used by children. Any app that contains pornographic violence, online games, commercial advertisements and other content and links, or uses exam-oriented education to increase students’ academic burden should be uninstalled.

  Luo Hongwen, the principal of Qipanjie Primary School in Wuchang District, believes that it is obviously unrealistic for new technologies to keep pouring in and affect students’ lives and blindly block them among children. To teach children to identify and use them reasonably, teachers and parents should also guide them in ways that children are willing to accept, thus effectively improving the quality of education. (Reporter Xiang Jie governs Yang Feng)

Oral: Zhang Liangsheng, researcher of Chinese Academy of Sciences: the first postgraduate exam in 1978.

[Editor’s note]What subjects were there in the college entrance examination 60 years ago? How was the postgraduate exam conducted 40 years ago? The Paper interviewed Mr. Zhang Liangsheng, a researcher at the Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and asked him to talk about two "big exams" in his life and his experiences and anecdotes in high energy physics research.

Zhang Liangsheng was born in June 1939 in Wuxi, Jiangsu. He participated in the college entrance examination in 1957 and entered the nuclear physics major of Nankai University. In 1978, he was admitted to the first postgraduate after the resumption of college entrance examination, and entered the Institute of High Energy Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, where he studied under Professor Zhang Wenyu, the founder of high energy experimental physics in China. Mr. Zhang Liangsheng devoted his life to the experimental research of high-energy physics in China.

Zhang Liangsheng is being interviewed.

Learn with one heart

Our family was very poor before liberation. My father was an apprentice at the age of 13 and worked as a clerk in a grocery store. Eldest brother is also about 13 years old (as an apprentice); The second brother is a little older and became an apprentice at the age of 16. After liberation, my father spent some money on a small stall, selling some soy sauce, salt and so on. He wanted to get rich.

My father asked me to inherit his career and run a small stall after I graduated from primary school. He taught me how to purchase goods, how to keep accounts and how to use abacus. I said I wouldn’t do this, but I had to go to school. Finally, my father and I reached an agreement. He said that if you were admitted to Wuxi No.1 Middle School, you would go to school. If you failed, you would work with me. No.1 Middle School is a public school, and the quality is very good. It doesn’t cost any money to get into No.1 Middle School, and there are state grants. As a result, I was admitted, and my father said, then go to school. At this time, it was just liberated, and tuition was free. Moreover, I applied for a grant after I went to school and went to high school.

I study very hard in middle school, and I like to study hard at ordinary times. I read my brother’s middle school physics book in primary school and was very interested. Once a classmate pulled a roller to repair the playground. The roller got stuck in the pit and couldn’t be pulled. He asked me what to do. I said you turned it upside down, pulled it back, and then jerked it forward and rushed over. They did it according to my method.

I took the college entrance examination in 1957, which was the most difficult one before the "Cultural Revolution". I was very stuck, and I volunteered before the exam. I’m afraid I won’t get into Tsinghua Peking University, so I’m conservative and applied for Nankai University. When I was in high school, I chose science. I took seven courses in Chinese, mathematics, foreign languages, politics, physics, chemistry and biology in the college entrance examination, and I got 96 points in physics. If I applied for Peking University, I could get into it.

In 1957, Zhang Liangsheng was photographed when he graduated from high school.

I studied nuclear physics in the physics department of Nankai University for five years. At that time, universities were all five years. Graduated in 1962, then stayed in school to tutor the basic course of nuclear physics, and then came to Lanzhou University, where he was promoted from a teaching assistant to a lecturer.

Want to go to Lanzhou to do something.

On October 16, 1964, our country exploded the first atomic bomb. At that time, the Ministry of Higher Education had planned to concentrate on two places in the north to engage in nuclear physics and radiochemistry, one was the Department of Physics of Peking University, and the other was the Department of Modern Physics of Lanzhou University, because Lanzhou was in the northwest and close to the nuclear test site. The Ministry of Higher Education intends to move some majors in nuclear physics and radiochemistry from Nankai University and Shandong University to the Department of Modern Physics of Lanzhou University.

Nankai took active action. In the summer of 1965, all the teachers, students and equipment of nuclear physics and radiochemistry were moved to Lanzhou. In order to move these equipment, the Ministry of Railways also specially prepared a special train, and the whole train was loaded with instruments and equipment.

There are about 100 students and teachers in the two classes going to Nankai. When moving, let everyone go home first, and then go to Lanzhou to concentrate, so everyone will arrive in Lanzhou early and late. I arrived in Lanzhou on August 23rd, and I was the first one to arrive in Lanzhou. At that time, I was in a state of mind, hoping to see what Lanzhou was like, hoping to do something in Lanzhou.

At that time, the whole country was preparing for war, and Lanzhou University had professional knowledge and technical conditions. The Lanzhou Military Region hoped to equip the PLA with some equipment for detecting nuclear radiation. The two sides hit it off, and we helped them to make a device called "automatic gamma ray alarm device". After the nuclear explosion, the gamma rays would whir to a certain extent, and the response was not bad. Later, a "automatic gamma ray recorder" was further developed, which was a little more advanced. It will record the intensity of gamma rays after the nuclear explosion by itself, and it has a wide range. It has four gears and will automatically shift gears as a daily monitor in the chief’s room to see if the radiation exceeds the standard. Later, these two devices won four awards at the National Science Conference in 1978, one was the Science Conference Award, the other was the Ministry of Chemical Defense, the Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Progress Award, and the other was the Lanzhou Military Region Award.

The other is to participate in nuclear tests. I won’t say much about this, but I have to keep it a secret. At that time, I also went to the proving ground. The school sent two people, one was me, who was engaged in nuclear physics, and the other was engaged in radiochemistry, both of whom were from Nankai University. However, we didn’t wear radiation masks, long boots and lead clothes like others, and after finishing half a bucket of sweat, it wasn’t that bad. We just tested gamma rays in the house, which was still a certain distance from the central area of the nuclear explosion, and it wasn’t as hard as their first line.

I also went to factories and rural areas to attend classes while taking part in labor. At that time, I chose three teachers, and I was one of them. I took a class of students to Xi ‘an 262 Factory to "open a school", where I gave them technical lessons. After I came back, the factory sent people to Lanzhou and invited me to give lectures to the students of 721 University in their factory. 721 University was very common at that time, which was equivalent to an enterprise university. Because enterprises should have their own technical talents, in order to cultivate talents, they chose some workers from the factory, did not study full-time, and hired teachers from outside to respond to Chairman Mao’s "721 instruction" and learn to work, learn agriculture and learn the army.

The level of students of workers, peasants and soldiers is uneven, some don’t understand, some don’t have enough to eat, so we should take care of everyone when teaching and be relatively relaxed when graduating. Teachers are also urging teachers to learn, so I have never given up my major. Moreover, in the late period of the "Cultural Revolution", the atmosphere on campus began to love reading. There are also some old intellectual families. Although the state does not attach importance to it, there are still some wishes and practical actions for children to learn. There is a kind of person who always has a desire to pursue knowledge no matter what social environment.

I also keep a hope that one day the country will be normal, and it can’t go on like this forever. There has been no enrollment for ten years. What will the country do after that? How can we do it when everyone is illiterate? I think the normal enrollment of college entrance examination will be resumed one day.

The First Postgraduate Examination after the Cultural Revolution

At the beginning of 1978, I was taking part in a nuclear test in our country when I knew I wanted to recruit graduate students. There were many people who took part in the nuclear test that time, and everyone communicated with each other. I heard the news of recruiting graduate students, but I didn’t know it in detail. Because the national college entrance examination for undergraduates was resumed in 1977, it was not surprising at all to get the news of resuming postgraduate recruitment, which was expected.

The Admissions Office in Lanzhou is located in a school in the city. I learned that it is really necessary to recruit graduate students, and the age range has expanded to 40, and my age is also included. I am very happy and feel that I have finally had a chance after waiting for so many years. The recruitment method is basically the same, that is, the process of registration, written examination and re-examination.

I came back and prepared an inch of photos, so I went to register. When you register, you should give the photo to the Admissions Office. After that, it will be posted. I went to see it, and it has my name, so that the formal registration is successful. After I signed up, I got an admission ticket, which I still have.

Admission ticket

There is basically no time to review before the exam. On the one hand, I have to work, and on the other hand, I have two children to take care of. It is because of my physical skills in college and my interest to take the exam. After the "Cultural Revolution", the country was not ready for the first postgraduate exam, but just wanted to open it, so there was neither an exam outline nor exam materials, and they were all in a hurry.

The formal exam is also in the school where I signed up. It seems that there is only one test center in Lanzhou, and there are only twenty or thirty people in an examination room. I am one of the oldest in it. I remember that my position is next to the north wall, the penultimate row. The exam is a table for one person, which is relatively apart to prevent looking at each other. There are two or three invigilators, the admission ticket is on the table, and the invigilators should check the photos so as not to be replaced by others.

In the middle of the exam, everyone is generally more disciplined and cherish this opportunity. During the "Cultural Revolution", some people basically lost everything they studied and did something else. Even if you asked him to take the exam, he didn’t have the heart to take it. However, there are still a small number of people who haven’t left their studies for so many years and hope to resume the exam one day. These people who took the exam basically belong to this category, that is, they usually study hard and have some foundations, so it is not easy to have such an opportunity, so they didn’t cheat in the exam.

I’m not too nervous during the exam. I think I’ll do whatever I get in the exam. I want to keep my mood relaxed. At that time, I took three exams, one political course, one foreign language course and one specialized course. My specialized course was high-energy physics, and I got 95 points.

I felt very uncomfortable when I took the physics exam. I still remember the general content, saying that there was a ball, and particles were emitted from the surface of the ball, and at the same time the ball fell. I asked how long it would take for the ball to fall in a vacuum. I think the conditions of this question are confused. If particles are sprayed in one direction, just like jets or rockets, they are different from spraying in all directions. If particles are sprayed in all directions, it is necessary to know how big, how much and how fast the particles are, and the results are different. These conditions were not given, so I simplified it at that time. After the exam, I always thought that there was something wrong with this question, so I wrote a letter to Gao Neng Institute, in which I wrote my calculations and some ideas. When I went to the High Energy Institute for a second interview, I heard that this question was cancelled. They might think it was reasonable after reading my letter. This question was simply left out, so I asked where I was wrong. They checked it for me and said that I didn’t have a particularly big mistake, that is, one point was deducted. Anyway, there were some omissions. In some places, the answer was incomplete, not a big problem, and finally I got 95 points.

The political examination is mainly about current events, such as the destruction of the Gang of Four, which brought the national economy to the brink of collapse. It was mainly based on the accumulation of reading newspapers and listening to the radio at ordinary times. At that time, everyone paid close attention to some political trends and knew about general state affairs.

There are some questions in the English exam that are similar to Shakespeare’s translation, and there are no textbooks, that is, I always read some English materials, and I go to attend the English class at school, and I read some physics journals in English, so I have never abandoned them. Besides, it was not difficult to do the first exam in good conscience.

After the written test, I wasn’t sure whether I could get in. At that time, the institute of high energy recruited 20 people, but hundreds of people signed up and later told me to go to Beijing for a second interview. At this time, I was a little sure in my heart. At that time, it happened that my wife was steaming steamed buns. I grabbed two steamed buns and left with a bag of paper, because the two steamed buns were still hot and covered, and I had diarrhea after eating them.

During the interview, I was asked why I took the postgraduate exam, why I took the high-quality college exam, and what I had done before. I chose the high-energy physics major of Chinese Academy of Sciences. One reason is that after I stayed in Nankai University, I was sent to the Institute of High Energy for a period of time. After that, I hope to go to the Institute of High Energy in the future. Another reason is that after the "Cultural Revolution", Deng Xiaoping made up his mind to grasp high-energy physics, and found more than 100 high-energy physics students from all over the country, and concentrated on recruiting them to Beijing, which was unprecedented in history, because it was very difficult to enter Beijing, but later I couldn’t be directly transferred to Beijing, so I had to enter the Institute of High Energy Studies of the Chinese Academy of Sciences by examination. I just like physics and want to study it all my life.

Later, someone asked me if you would like to be a graduate student of Director Zhang Wenyu, and I said of course I would. Zhang Wenyu is the first director of the Institute of High Energy Physics, and he has done pioneering work in muon atomic physics in the world. When Li Zhengdao and Yang Zhenning won the Nobel Prize, the state sent him to Sweden to do their work, and Yang Zhenning also publicly stated that Zhang Wenyu was his mentor.

Shortly after the interview, I received a letter saying that you have been officially admitted as a graduate student of Professor Zhang Wenyu. I was very excited after receiving the letter. I used to hear and see it in the illustrated newspaper on the radio. Now the relationship is so close, I went to the reference room of our department to find the relevant pictures. People’s Pictorial has a picture of Mr. Zhang Wenyu. I studied it for a long time and thought about it. I was very happy at that time.

In the summer of 1981, Zhang Liangsheng and his tutor Professor Zhang Wenyu (right) took a group photo in front of the main building of High Energy Institute.

When Lanzhou University took the exam as a lecturer, five people were admitted to each applicant. On September 29th, Lanzhou University held a school committee, which was equivalent to the highest-level meeting. At the meeting, it was discussed that five people were admitted to graduate schools, and Lanzhou University, as a school, would not let people go. Finally, it was considered that this was a major national policy and agreed to let people go and study with pay.

I joined the work in 1962, and by 1978, I had been waiting for 16 years. I was 39 years old when I took the exam. This was a very rare opportunity, and I seized it. By the second year, I was stuck.

Graduate student with Mr. Zhang Wenyu

After I arrived in Beijing, I studied basic courses first. I was old and my brain was failing. It was very difficult to learn. Other students were playing outside, so I studied in the house. People came back to see me studying there after playing, always sitting, always studying.

After finishing the basic course, I did my graduation thesis. At that time, there was no high-energy accelerator in our country, so it was not necessary to do high-energy physics experiments. Mr. Zhang Wenyu suggested that I do the work of high-energy detector-multi-wire detector, which is to detect the tracks of microscopic particles invisible to the naked eye.

Professor Zhang Wenyu particularly emphasized the need to do experiments. He said that "experiments are the basis of theory and the source of knowledge". He himself published an article in People’s Daily stressing the importance of experiments. Don’t sit there all day dreaming and don’t do practical things. He particularly emphasized this point. According to Zhang Wenyu’s teaching, I started from the basic things, including how to punch holes, how to draw wires, how to glue, how to package, how to ventilate, how to measure, how to record data, and finally analyze and write papers. These are all done by myself, and the experimental results are published in High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics.

On this basis, I also quantitatively explained a new international experimental result, that is, the experimental group directed by Professor Xia Pake, who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1992, used the "multi-step avalanche chamber" filled with argon gas to let a high-intensity charged particle beam pass through it and make it run at a high counting rate, thus obtaining the breakdown data of the "multi-step avalanche chamber" when it was running at a high counting rate. They didn’t give a quantitative explanation for the result themselves, but only gave a qualitative explanation. I have a different view, so I established an equation for quantitative calculation. The calculation results confirmed my assumption that the decay life of the substances accumulated near the anode wire in the multi-step avalanche chamber is consistent with the metastable life of argon, which shows that the metastable state of argon plays a decisive role. After my explanation was published at home and abroad, an experimental group of Kyushu University in Japan made an experiment by experts to test whether my explanation was reasonable or that of Professor M.Atac in the United States. The experimental results supported my explanation and called it "Zhang Model".

In 1992, at CERN, Zhang Liangsheng (left) congratulated Xia Pake (right), winner of the 1992 Nobel Prize in Physics.

After the thesis defense, everyone thought that my level was higher than that of the master’s degree. An international experimental result was not explained correctly. I explained it quantitatively, but it was not appropriate to give it to my doctor directly, because our high-energy institute trained experimental high-energy physics, and I engaged in detectors, which are also in the category of high-energy physics, but there are still some differences when we talk about it carefully. The institute wanted me to continue my PhD, but my wife and I were separated, and I still had a child at that time. This situation made me stay for a few more years, which was really not good. I told the company that it was difficult to separate at home. So he graduated in 1981 and assigned work according to his master’s degree.

Dedicated to the research of high-energy physics all his life.

There have been many schemes or ideas for high-energy accelerators in China. There is a saying called "eight ups and seven downs", one of which was presided over by Premier Zhou during the Cultural Revolution. The scheme was put forward, and all the money was available, and it was ready to be done. As a result, the Gang of Four made trouble and failed to make it. It was called "eight ups and seven downs".

In 1978, Deng Xiaoping made up his mind to do it, and put forward a plan, namely the ring accelerator, which made a name for itself. After exploring the terrain in the Ming Tombs, he dismounted. The reason for dismounting this time was that the pace was too big and the national economy could not support it.

Later, Professor Li Zhengdao proposed an electron-positron collider to accelerate positrons and negative electrons respectively and focus them on one point for collision. Of course, the collision is worse than hitting a static target, and the electron itself is relatively small in mass, which is relatively easy to do. Everyone agrees to use the electron collision method. Finally, this project was completed. The state awarded a grand prize and held an award ceremony in Huairentang, Zhongnanhai. I was one of the winners in it, and the certificate was signed by Premier Li Peng at that time.

Zhang Liangsheng’s award certificate

In 1984, Professor Ding Zhaozhong came to China to recruit students to engage in high-energy physics experiments in the Mark-Jay Group in West Germany. Ten people were found in the high-energy institute and asked to review before taking the exam. Two of them did not take the exam, and only one of the remaining eight people was admitted. Later, I recruited another batch, and this time I was recruited, and I was admitted alone; Later, I took the exam twice, and two more people were admitted. Ding Zhaozhong took several of our admitted students to Beijing Hotel for an interview, which was mainly about high-energy experimental physics. He asked me about "proton decay", and I replied that according to the "grand unification" theory, "baryon number" and "lepton number" are no longer conserved quantities, so protons can decay. Only by answering this sentence, he felt satisfied. He asked his mind to be clear and not verbose. The more you talk, the more confused you are, which means that you don’t understand. Simply point out the most critical points and he will know that you know the problem. So I went to West Germany in 1985.

In 1985, Zhang Liangsheng (first from the right) took a group photo with Ding Zhaozhong (second from the right) in the MARK-J group.

At the end of 1992, I was once again sent to work in a European nuclear research center for more than a year. After I came back, I worked in a high-energy institute until I retired. After I finished my studies, I made a contribution to my country.

High-energy physics is widely used in reality, and the Internet is one of them. At CERN, there was a group mainly engaged in the transmission of high-energy data. On this basis, a concept of high-energy network was gradually developed, and this concept gradually became the Internet. With the advice and help of Professor Li Zhengdao, the Internet established by our country with foreign countries through the Institute of High Energy is also for the purpose of transmitting high-energy experimental data. With this foundation, our country has invested heavily in developing the Internet, and China has a large population, a large base and a scale effect, so the Internet has developed rapidly in China, which is still very advanced internationally. Our country’s high-energy physics is now in the international leading position in some aspects.

In retrospect, taking the first postgraduate exam after the resumption of the college entrance examination was an opportunity for me to change my fate, and it was also the only opportunity for many students after ten years of interruption of the exam during the Cultural Revolution. Ten years of "Cultural Revolution", ten years of fault, talent training was abandoned in the "Cultural Revolution". Restoring the college entrance examination made everyone feel that there was hope and a way. They could gain a sense of accomplishment through their own efforts and have their own glory in it at a certain stage. This is a good thing that benefits the country and the people, and it is a major move after the country is on the right track.

If a country wants to stand on the top of the world, it must have world-class leading talents. Everything in exam-oriented education is to cope with exams, cramming and memorizing, which stifles learning enthusiasm. We should encourage everyone to study hard, have their own opinions, give full play to their strengths, be active and creative, have a strong thirst for knowledge and interest, and don’t become an examination machine.

Old movies are not "old", and "Hello, Brother" has a long battery life at the box office.

Special feature of 1905 film network The National Day file closed, and the "combat value" of each box office was released.Among them, withWan Li’s ReturnRepresented by the new film accounted for nearly 90%, becoming the main force at the box office. At the same time,"Hello, Brother" and "New God List: Yang Jian"Old films, etc., also show good box office endurance, accounting for 12% of the box office.


In recent years, the phenomenon of old films returning has appeared in various golden files to varying degrees. The old film here refers to the film whose premiere date is more than one week away from the opening date of the schedule.


According to the statistics of Cat’s Eye Professional Edition, during the period from 2019 to 2022 (except 2020), the box office of old movies on New Year’s Day accounted for 28%, 1% and 12% respectively, the Dragon Boat Festival was 6%, 15% and 44% respectively, and the Mid-Autumn Festival was 13%, 24% and 29% respectively. 


The excellent quality of film content, obvious differences in genre and other factors have become the secret of the long-lasting box office endurance of old films. The old and new films are on the same stage, which also gives the audience more choices.


01.Old movies are not "old"


"For films like" Hello, Brother "and" New God List: Yang Jian ",we found that there were still many viewers watching them during the eleventh period, so we increased some times accordingly according to the actual attendance of the films, or adjusted the whole digit and time period appropriately." In an interview with the media, Yu Chao, executive deputy general manager of Capital Cinema, said so. During the eleventh period, old films were still within the range of many viewers’ choices.


In the top ten of the National Day box office in 2022, the number of new and old films on the list was seven and three respectively.



In the new film, The Return of Wan Li earned 1.024 billion yuan at the box office, contributing nearly 70% of the box office, making it a well-deserved box office champion of the National Day. The film is not only the 99th member of the Billion Box Office Club of China Film History, but also the first billion box office work in the director’s career.


In the old films, the box office of "Hello, Brother" and "New God List: Yang Jian" in Moon Man was from high to low, with 78.58 million yuan, 47.32 million yuan and 32.59 million yuan respectively. Under the blessing of the National Day file, the cumulative box office of the first two works exceeded 400 million and 500 million respectively.


These three old films are obviously different from the new ones, which has become one of the important factors for them to take advantage of the box office bonus.


Among them, Moon Man’s Hello Brother belongs to a typical Mahua FunAge-style comedy. No matter the main lineup or narrative style, there are many similarities between the two films, and they are full of laughter. This is different from the new film with plot elements in the schedule.


Although the times are constantly changing, comedies are always just needed by the audience. In the early stage of the Spring Festival in 2021, the comedy films with average quality only made a box office of 235 million yuan by virtue of genre differences.



As an adult-oriented animated film, the New God List: Yang Jian and other new films with low orientation such as New Big Head Son and Little Head Dad 5: My Alien Friends in the schedule have a low overlap rate in the audience. The former is dominated by young audiences, while the latter is dominated by young parents and school-age parents.


These two kinds of animated films have made their own gains in the National Day archives. "New Big Head Son and Little Head Dad 5" took 66.793 million yuan at the box office and became the top animated movie ticket. "New God List: Yang Jian" was the runner-up with a box office of 47.32 million yuan.



Online quality has also become one of the collective characteristics of old films that have achieved good box office results in prime time. The average score of douban reached 6.4 points for the three old films with excellent box office performance in the National Day file.


In the Mid-Autumn Festival of 2022 (from September 10th to September 12th), Moon Man, the "New God List: Yang Jian", became the runner-up and the third runner-up in the box office list due to its excellent content quality. With the help of two films, the box office of old films accounted for 29% in this period.


In 2022, the Qingming file, which was released for more than two months, ranked among the TOP10 at the box office. Excellent content quality and fine visual effects make the film show super box office endurance.


In addition, the relaxed schedule environment is also a necessary condition for old films to play. Under the superposition of these internal and external favorable factors, the phenomenon of old film reflow continues to occur.


02.Reflux has a "priority"


In the head golden file and waist golden file, the phenomenon of old film reflow is divided into "urgent and slow".


According to the past statistical results, among the Spring Festival and National Day files of the seven-day legal holidays, the box office of old movies usually accounts for about 1%. As we all know, these two big head golden files usually have a large number of new films, and it is difficult for old films to have a foothold.


This is most obvious in the Spring Festival file.According to statistics, during the Spring Festival from 2014 to 2021, the box office of old movies accounted for about 1%. Huge publicity expenses, ticket supplements starting at 100 million yuan, etc., have become the box office moat of new films in the Spring Festival. This is also the main reason why the market is easy to form a new film "vacuum" zone in the early stage of the Spring Festival.


During the three-day holiday, the phenomenon of old films reflowing is relatively obvious. As the data mentioned at the beginning of the article shows, between 2020 and 2022, the average proportion of box office of old movies in New Year’s Day, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival was 21.6%, 21.6% and 22% respectively.



In addition, the phenomenon of old films reflow is more likely to occur between the golden periods with close time intervals.


For example, the "New God List: Yang Jian" released at the end of the summer file in 2022, in the Mid-Autumn Festival file in early September, also became the runner-up at the box office with 39.6562 million yuan; The Mid-Autumn Festival ticket crown "Hello, Brother" also squeezed into the top three box office in the National Day file.



The length of the release time has become a key factor to determine the level of the box office of the old film.


In 2022, the National Day old films were among the top three at the box office, and the release time of "Hello, Brother" and "New God List: Yang Jian" in Moon Man was from near to far, which echoed the box office from high to low. For many viewers who are busy with their daily work, it is the best time to catch up on old movies when they are in the prime time of legal holidays.



In addition, the reprinting of classic old films in off-season is also a routine operation to enrich the audience’s viewing choices and enhance the market popularity. In mid-July, 2020, at the beginning of the orderly resumption of the China mainland film market, Mermaid and many other classic old films became the pioneers of warm-up.


At present, Wan Li’s Way Home, which is showing a good reputation, is also expected to extend its popularity to the Lunar New Year file. At present, the annual box office of China film market has exceeded 27.3 billion. Under the new and old films, this number will continue to climb.


March towards a Powerful Agricultural Country —— Interview with Tang Renjian, Director of the Central Agricultural Office and Minister of Agriculture and Rural Affairs

  Interview with the minister at the end of the year and the beginning of the year. For three consecutive years, Tang Renjian, director of the Central Agricultural Office and Minister of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, wrote three sets of keywords to CCTV reporters at the General Station:

  2021: grain, seeds and cultivated land

  2022: Food

  2023: Agricultural Power

  What is the relationship between the three groups of keywords? Tang Renjian said,come down in one continuous lineThe internal logical relationship is very clear.

  "A strong agricultural country is programmatic and outlines. The primary task is to consolidate the foundation of food security in all directions. Seeds and cultivated land are two of them. Grasping these two keys will ensure food security. "

  Go all out to secure China’s rice bowl.

  Looking back on 2022, China’s grain production is remarkable. In the face of difficulties such as multiple outbreaks of epidemic in COVID-19, record-breaking autumn flood in the north, extreme high temperature and drought in the south and high prices of agricultural materials, the output still reached a record high, reaching 1,373.1 billion Jin, with an increase of 7.4 billion Jin. It is particularly worth mentioning that the self-sufficiency rate of soybeans has also increased by 3 percentage points. Stable production and supply of grain and important agricultural products have provided basic support for stabilizing expectations, prices and the economic market.

  Food security is "the biggest in the country".

  Tang Renjian said that all countries in the world that are truly powerful and have no weaknesses have the ability to solve their own food problems. In the coming period, with the high-quality development of China’s economy and the promotion of urbanization, the demand for grain and important agricultural products will still show a rigid growth trend. 2023 is the first year to implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, and it is also the first year to accelerate the construction of an agricultural power. It is of special significance to ensure the stable and safe supply of grain and important agricultural products.

  "We will take a new round of 100 billion Jin of grain production capacity improvement as the starting point and go all out to stabilize China’s rice bowl."

  The grain production capacity is at a high starting point of 1.3 trillion Jin, and then increased by 100 billion Jin. Hard as it is, it will be done.

  Tang Renjian said, "This matter is not a question of whether it can be done or not, but a question of what must be done. We must mobilize all resources and do everything possible to increase the grain production capacity by 100 billion Jin."

  Tang Renjian said that in the long run, it is necessary to make full efforts to improve the comprehensive agricultural production capacity. Grasp the material foundation, resolutely hold the red line of 1.8 billion mu of cultivated land, gradually build all 1.546 billion mu of permanent basic farmland into high-standard farmland, and continue to do a good job in seed industry revitalization and key agricultural technology research; We will also pay attention to the mechanism guarantee, improve the income guarantee mechanism for grain farmers and the compensation mechanism for interests in major producing areas, fully implement the responsibility of the party and government for food security, and consolidate the foundation of food security in all directions.

  In 2023, in the face of the new development situation, the focus is on two stability, two expansion and two promotion.

  Two stabilities — — Stable area and outputEnsure that the grain area is stable above 1.77 billion mu, strive to increase, ensure that the grain output continues to be above 1.3 trillion Jin, and strive to increase production. 

  Two expansions — — Expand beans and oil:We will plant more than 10 million mu, ensure that the soybean oil area is stable at more than 350 million mu, and strive to expand again.

  Two mentions — — Self-sufficiency rate of bill of lading production and delivery:Strive to increase the yield per mu of corn demonstration fields by more than 100 kilograms and the self-sufficiency rate of edible vegetable oil by more than 1 percentage point.

  When the reporter asked what specific policy measures would be taken, Tang Renjian said, first of all, both administrative promotion and policy support should be taken to do everything possible to stabilize the area. In the assessment of food security, the weight of area yield and planting structure should be increased. At the same time, we should pay attention to both farmland hardware and scientific and technological software to raise the yield per unit area. 45 million mu of new farmland will be built, and 35 million mu of high-standard farmland will be upgraded. Start the project of increasing the yield of major grain and oil crops with the focus on corn. In addition, we should pay attention to disaster prevention and loss reduction, and reduce the losses.

  Promote consumption and expand investment, and vigorously promote the domestic cycle.

  Speaking of expanding domestic demand, Tang Renjian believes that agriculture, rural areas and farmers involve many industries, a wide range of fields and a large group. In expanding domestic demand and building a new development pattern, there is a very broad space to move and the potential to be tapped.

  Tang Renjian gave such a set of data:

  Although farmers’ income is not very high at present, the consumption increment created is almost the same as that of urban residents. With the continuous growth of farmers’ income, rural consumption has been accelerated.It is estimated that the annual consumption demand will increase by about 2 trillion yuan.

  The lag of agricultural and rural infrastructure construction is the most intuitive manifestation of the gap between urban and rural areas, which has a huge investment demand. Preliminary calculation,In the next 5 to 10 years, the investment demand for high-standard farmland and facility agriculture alone will be nearly 15 trillion yuan.

  Tang Renjian said that in 2023, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs will continue to make efforts to comprehensively promote rural revitalization and accelerate the construction of an agricultural power, especially in accelerating the activation of the rural market and releasing farmers’ consumption potential, smoothing the urban and rural circulation of workers and peasants and promoting the domestic cycle.

  Optimize supply and expand consumption.From the supply side and circulation channels, we will expand the production of green, organic, geographical indications and famous new agricultural products, focus on improving rural consumption hard facilities, optimize the soft environment, expand the rural coverage of e-commerce and logistics express delivery, and make agricultural products "go up smoothly" and industrial products "sink smoothly" to promote the upgrading of urban food consumption and the growth of rural durable goods consumption.

  Strengthen investment in construction traction.Solidly promote rural construction, continue to strengthen the construction of high-standard farmland, vigorously develop modern facility agriculture, lay out and build a number of storage and fresh-keeping facilities in production areas, cold chain collection and distribution centers and large-scale cold chain logistics bases, and continuously improve conditions such as water circuit and gas room information in rural areas, so as to expand effective investment in agriculture and rural areas and boost economic growth.

  Developing industries to help farmers increase their income.Guide all localities to strengthen leading enterprises, make up chains, promote formats and build brands, strengthen the processing and circulation industry of agricultural products, promote the integration of agricultural, cultural and tourism, vigorously develop rural e-commerce, accelerate the construction of modern agricultural parks, and continuously broaden the channels for farmers to increase their income and become rich.

  solidResolutely stick to the bottom line of not returning to poverty on a large scale

  Consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation is the bottom line task of comprehensively promoting rural revitalization. Tang Renjian said that in 2022, the results of poverty alleviation continued to be effectively consolidated. By the end of November, 65.7% of the monitored objects had eliminated the risk of returning to poverty, and the rest had also implemented assistance measures. There was no phenomenon of the whole village returning to poverty, and the employment scale of poverty-stricken laborers increased by 1.33 million over the previous year, reaching 32.78 million.

  "At present, affected by factors such as the COVID-19 epidemic and the economic downturn, we have encountered some new situations and new problems in consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation." In the face of difficult challenges, Tang Renjian gave a response plan.

  "We will take greater and more targeted measures to further enhance the endogenous development momentum of poverty-stricken areas and poverty-stricken people, and use development methods to keep poverty far away."

  In cultivating and upgrading industries,In accordance with the requirements of the word "native products", guide all localities to rely on the characteristic resources of agriculture and rural areas to develop various functions of agriculture, tap the diversified values of rural areas, and promote the upgrading of the whole chain of rural industries. We will increase the proportion of bridging funds used for industrial development to more than 60%, plan and implement a number of overall regional industrial projects, improve the mechanism of linking agriculture with agriculture, let the people out of poverty share more value-added benefits, and increase their income through industry stability.

  In terms of efforts to stabilize employment,Develop a number of county-level industries with large employment capacity to enrich the people, increase employment services and skills training for poverty-stricken laborers, and ensure that the employment scale of poverty-stricken laborers is stable at more than 30 million.

  In promoting entrepreneurial innovation,We will implement entrepreneurship support policies, build a number of entrepreneurship incubation training bases, and orderly guide college graduates to their hometowns, capable people to their hometowns, migrant workers to their hometowns, and entrepreneurs to their hometowns, so as to drive employment and increase income through entrepreneurship.

  A strong country must first strengthen agriculture, and a strong agriculture can strengthen the country.

  Tang Renjian said that the strong signal of attaching importance to agriculture and strengthening agriculture has been issued with heavy drums and hammers. We will systematically plan for anchoring this goal, study and formulate plans for accelerating the construction of a strong agricultural country, keep the two bottom lines of ensuring food security and preventing large-scale return to poverty at a higher level, promote rural development, rural construction and rural governance with high quality, innovate and implement the two-wheel drive of scientific and technological reform, and constantly open up a new era, a new journey and a new situation for the development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, laying a solid foundation for a good start in building a socialist modern country in an all-round way.

  (CCTV reporter Zhang Qin Wang Wei Liang Lijuan Wang Kaibo Yang Xiaobo Zhong Min Zhang Yuxi Jaco Zhang Hao Wang Jialin Huang Wei Shen Hao Han Fei)

Is the queue in online celebrity Store a support or a real fire? Nearly 3 adults are willing to line up for 2 hours.

  Recently, the data released by the survey organization shows that nearly 30% of the consumers interviewed are willing to queue up for online celebrity drinks for two hours. There is also an endless debate about whether these are really queuing or hiring people to gather popularity. Beijing Youth Daily reporter found that hiring people to queue has long been a "primary means". online celebrity stores use the environment, products and marketing methods to make passers-by become queuing customers, which is behind the quiet change of consumers’ consumption concept.

  phenomenon

  "Punch in" the first online celebrity store in the New Year

  Queue for an hour to buy milk tea

  Liujing, who finally returned to Beijing from his hometown to work after the Spring Festival holiday, rushed to do two things before he came to tidy up his cabin — — Shooting snow scenes in the Forbidden City and punching in the online celebrity coffee shop in the Forbidden City.

  Although there is "coffee" in its name, it is more like a online celebrity tea shop than a traditional coffee shop. The commodities, such as Kangxi’s favorite chocolate, milk tea with 3,000 beauties, smiling when riding a princess in the world of mortals, our palace’s delightful rolls and nourishing rolls, as well as the external packaging and the environment inside and outside the store, are the reasons why liujing, a young man, is in great demand.

  In order to punch in and take photos, liujing not only braved the wind and snow to plunge into the Forbidden City from the East Fifth Ring Road, but also queued for nearly an hour in the cafe to get the unique gold-bottomed paper cups of the Forbidden City and the red cup sets with the patterns of the Forbidden City printed on them.

  When liujing got the milk tea, the first thing he did was not to taste the drink in the cup, but to take a circle of photos in the store with the cup, and then go to a position where he could take a panoramic view of the turret, use this cup as a foreground and take a group of photos, and then he began to make friends circle while drinking with satisfaction.

  From going out to finishing the circle of friends, after more than three hours of tossing and turning, drinking milk tea that has cooled somewhat, liujing felt glad you came. In fact, in the coffee shop in the corner building of the Forbidden City, many customers are like liujing. Although some people think that the quality of the drinks in this store is average, people who come to taste it are still in an endless stream. Some netizens called this place "the first online celebrity store in 2019".

  interview

  Customers take more meals than order.

  Outside the store, the price of "yellow cattle" doubled

  Although some netizens complained because they waited for nearly an hour to enter the "online celebrity Store" of the coffee in the corner building of the Forbidden City. But at present, no one has linked this popularity with "hiring people to queue up". But another online celebrity store was once caught in this storm. In 2018, two stores of Xicha were opened in Beijing, but they were frequently on the news and hot search because there were too many people waiting in line. Because there were too many people waiting in line, Xicha was once exposed as "hiring people to queue up". For this problem, its founder said that the store was too busy to open takeout, and Xicha wanted to solve not the number of customers, but how to improve productivity.

  In order to verify whether the queue is for childcare or customers, Beijing Youth Daily reporters visited five tea shops in Beijing at different times in the past half month. In one hour, the number of drinks sold by different tea shops and at different times varies, ranging from 130 cups to 210 cups. The reporter of Beiqing Daily noticed that there were almost no people who lined up repeatedly during this period.

  During the visit time of reporters of Beiqing Daily, the number of take-out in Xicha Store in the office area once exceeded the number of stores currently on sale. In the stores with large sales volume, customers waiting for meals were once more than those waiting in line.

  At Joy City Store, the number of customers waiting for drinks in the surrounding area during the visit time of Beiqing Daily reporter was once twice as much as that of people waiting in line. In Changying Tianjie store, it takes less than 10 minutes to order food and more than 15 minutes to pick it up.

  In addition, in the vicinity of Sanlitun stores, there are even people selling queuing places.

  "It’s lined up inside. It’ll be there soon. Anything you want will do." A woman told the reporter of Beiqing Daily. A drink of more than 20 yuan, bid to 50 yuan. And she also took the small ticket that had been paid, saying that if she added some money, she could take the meal directly with this small ticket. The receipt shows a drink and a fruit tea that are the store’s signature. "Don’t worry about not selling, I want to buy a lot." When the reporter of Beiqing Daily asked how to deal with the failure to sell the meal receipt, the lady said.

  Chu Xian, a marketing insider, said that hiring people to queue up is a means for some emerging small brands to create momentum, which is relatively primary and suitable for the brand’s creation period, but it can’t last long. Once the brand image is established, hiring people to queue up is not only unhelpful, but also may cause brand damage. For hi-tea and Forbidden City Corner Coffee, this relatively low-end marketing method is not needed.

  interpret

  Create the illusion that demand exceeds supply.

  Let consumers "wait reasonably"

  "It’s all here. I just want to try it. Anyway, it’s nothing." In the interview of the reporter of Beiqing Daily, this statement has the highest "voice".

  Customers who have this idea are also the means of "hunger marketing" by businesses. Marketers say that waiting in line is the time cost consumers pay for their favorite drinks. How to enlarge this time cost within a reasonable range and create a scene of "demand exceeds supply" requires the planning of merchants.

  In the eyes of some marketers, these tea shops in online celebrity are full of hints that "it is worthwhile to pay time and cost" to dilute the purpose of "hunger marketing". Take 1: 00 as an example. As a representative of the street tea shop, 1: 00 doesn’t have any place to sit in the shop, but the operating cabinet area in the shop is bigger and longer than that of the ordinary street tea shop. The clerk always needs to take materials from one end of the counter and then run to the other end to seal them, in order to complete the production of all milk tea. This lengthens the time of making milk tea, objectively makes customers wait longer, leading to queuing, but also makes the waiting customers clearly see the whole process of making milk tea. This technique has also been imitated by many online celebrity stores and carried forward.

  Marketers said that although they couldn’t feel the service of online celebrity store in the queue, these value-added experiences weakened the attribute of "manufacturing" and emphasized the store service, with Xixian tea featuring strong brand and strong operation and Naixue tea focusing on social scenes as typical representatives.

  Among the online celebrity stores that have survived for more than one year, hi-tea is quite the essence of this method. Not only the production area is fully displayed, but also a large number of people make it inside. On the one hand, this move improves efficiency, on the other hand, it is to highlight the value of its products and make consumers feel that "it makes sense to wait". In addition, hi-tea, Naixue-の tea and inWE-flavored tea leave a large number of seats in the store and decorate the store in a high-end and fashionable way, at the expense of the business area in the store to increase decoration.

  Wang Hao, a food and beverage analyst at Mintel, said that opening a online celebrity tea shop with exquisite decoration and novel layout in the shopping center can help improve the consumption experience and relieve the anxiety of consumers waiting in line for a long time.

  However, the queuing or full situation in the store makes passers-by curious about going to online celebrity store, which leads to concerns and potential customers. In an interview with reporters of Beiqing Daily, nearly 60% of those who didn’t take part in the queue said that if online celebrity stores didn’t queue up, they would like to buy their products and try them. There are also a few customers who hold the attitude of "optimistic about many people buying and wanting to taste how delicious it is".

  observe

  The rise of "scene consumption"

  Customers are willing to pay for added value.

  "For a cup of milk tea, as for this queue?" This may be a question that many consumers who pass through Sanlitun Xicha feel when they look at the customers who are lined up in sections.

  The data survey reflects customers’ tolerant attitude towards online celebrity stores. Mintel, a research organization, recently released a report saying that its research shows that 28% of consumers think it is worthwhile to queue up for two hours to buy online celebrity tea. In the report of another survey agency, Ai Media Consulting, 74.5% of consumers surveyed can accept queuing for milk tea for less than half an hour.

  According to Mintel data, the market growth of tea shops in China reached its peak in 2017-2018, with a compound annual growth rate of 14% increasing to 48.5 billion yuan. In some shopping centers in Beijing, the number of tea shops even exceeds the number of fast food restaurants. With so many choices, many consumers are still willing to queue up for a cup of milk tea for about half an hour. Analysts say and the change of consumption concept — — The transition from experience consumption to scene consumption is closely related.

  Zhu Danpeng, a food industry analyst in China, said that people are demanding higher and higher quality of life. Eating is not only for satiety, but also for freshness, health, feeling and even personality. In online celebrity restaurants, there are not only novel products, but also scene consumption, with more services and brand added value. Consumers are willing to pay for this part of the scene, not just for the goods themselves, or even pay a high premium or time cost, which is itself a manifestation of consumption upgrading. This is just like some white-collar workers were more willing to go to Starbucks for consumption. In fact, they didn’t just like drinking coffee, but more recognized the lifestyle represented by Starbucks. Today’s online celebrity store also represents a lifestyle and consumption values recognized by young people, and is a vivid annotation of the new trend of consumption.

  Text/reporter zhangxin

Education Examinations Institute of the Ministry of Education: Comments on the Chinese National Paper of the 2023 College Entrance Examination

Cctv newsAccording to WeChat WeChat official account of the Education Examinations Institute of the Ministry of Education, in 2023, the Education Examinations Institute of the Ministry of Education ordered four sets of Chinese examination papers for the national college entrance examination, namely, National Volume A, National Volume B, New Curriculum Standard I and New Curriculum Standard II. The examination questions fully implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, adhere to the guidance of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era, implement the fundamental task of cultivating people by virtue, deepen the reform of examination content, promote the reform of basic education and teaching, and help cultivate top-notch innovative talents.

First, focus on the overall situation, based on the overall situation, Bacon casts a soul in the language situation.

  The examination questions are designed as a whole, the materials are carefully selected, the people are educated by literature, the things are moistened silently, and the spring breeze turns the rain into rain.

1 Hold high the banner of thought, Bacon casts the soul.

  The examination questions are organically integrated into Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era. The two materials in the writing test "One flower alone is not spring" in the National Volume B are respectively from the keynote speech "Walking hand in hand on the road to modernization" delivered by the Supreme Leader General Secretary at the high-level dialogue meeting with world political parties in the Communist Party of China (CPC) on March 15, 2023 and the speech "Civilizations are enriched by exchanges and civilizations are enriched by mutual learning" delivered at UNESCO headquarters in Paris, France on March 27, 2014.

The national B-volume writing test "One flower alone is not spring"

22. Read the following materials and write as required. (60 points)

  Blowing out other people’s lights will not make you brighter; Blocking others’ way will not make you go further.

  "A single flower is not spring, and a hundred flowers bloom in spring." If there is only one kind of flower in the world, even if it is beautiful, it is monotonous.

  The above two materials are from the speech of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, which tells the general truth in vivid language. Please write an article based on this to reflect your understanding and thinking.

  Requirements: select the right angle, determine the concept, clarify the style, and draw up the title; Do not copy or copy; Do not disclose personal information; Not less than 800 words.

  Although the two materials are aimed at international relations, mutual learning of civilizations and other issues, the truth revealed is universal. Material 1 can be used in the relationship between countries and also in getting along with people. Material 2 illustrates the dialectical relationship between part and whole by "one flower" and "hundred flowers". The two materials simultaneously constitute a dialogue relationship. The test questions guide young people to cherish the greatness of the country and establish a correct world outlook and values. Candidates have a large writing space and can cut into many angles.

  The first material in the new curriculum standard Volume II, Modern Chinese Reading I, is taken from the speech "Talk about Investigation and Research" delivered by the Supreme Leader General Secretary at the opening ceremony of the second batch of students in the autumn semester of the Central Party School on November 16, 2011. The article emphasizes that investigation and research should adhere to the mass line and the principle of seeking truth from facts, so as to inspire the majority of young people to learn their wisdom and gain insights from the people’s creative practice.

2 cultivate feelings of home and country, enhance self-confidence.

  The test questions guide candidates to establish a correct view of history, nationality and country, and enhance patriotic feelings and national self-confidence. For example, the reading materials of Volume A discuss many archaeological discoveries, analyze the significance of archaeology in writing ancient history, and guide candidates to better understand the long-standing, profound Chinese civilization. The materials of classical Chinese reading test questions in Volume A and Volume B are selected from Longping Collection • Confucianism is righteous "and" Han Feizi • "Ten Years" guides candidates to inherit Chinese cultural genes, keep upright and not conservative, respect the ancient and not retro.

  The writing test "The Power of Stories" in Volume I of the new curriculum standard guides candidates to think about the facts, images, emotions and truths contained in the story as a carrier, and the significance of telling stories well. What is a good story, what story to tell well and how to tell a good story are all good writing angles. Candidates can write stories to inspire themselves, and also discuss how to tell the story of China well to the world.

New Curriculum Standard Volume I Writing Test "The Power of Stories"

23. Read the following materials and write as required. (60 points)

  Good stories can help us express and communicate better, touch our hearts and enlighten our wisdom; A good story can change a person’s fate and show the image of a nation … … Stories are powerful.

  What kind of association and thinking did the above materials cause you? Please write an article.

  Requirements: select the right angle, determine the concept, clarify the style, and draw up the title; Do not copy or copy; Do not disclose personal information; Not less than 800 words.

3 carry forward the spirit of labor, educate people and cultivate their hearts

  The examination questions emphasize the integration of labor education with moral education, intellectual education, physical education and aesthetic education, and guide candidates to respect ordinary workers and firmly establish a correct concept of labor. For example, the reading material "Grow a Good Buckwheat in One Place", the second volume of literature in China, reflects the deep feelings of farmers in China for the land and embodies the indomitable spirit of the Chinese nation. It is written in the literature text reading material "To My Son" in the first volume of the new college entrance examination that young people who are baptized by labor can not only strengthen their physique, "the muscles on their shoulders will bulge under the pole", but also realize some fundamental and eternal truths.

Second, to cope with changes, improve the pattern, and enlighten wisdom and increase wisdom in the examination of thinking

  In 2023, Chinese test questions will strengthen the examination of thinking quality, and guide candidates to improve their logical thinking ability, image thinking ability and innovative thinking ability.

1 examine logical thinking, improve speculative ability

  The test questions examine the logical thinking ability from many aspects, such as whether to form an opinion, whether to reason reasonably, whether to demonstrate rigorously, and whether to express accurately. For example, the topic of "people, technology and time" is given in the writing test materials of National Grade A, but no clear point of view is given. Candidates need to mobilize their abilities of association, migration, demonstration and reasoning, find problems, identify problems, form opinions and expand arguments.

"People, Technology and Time", a writing test in National Grade A.

22. Read the following materials and write as required. (60 points)

  People can better control time because of the development of technology, but some people have become servants of time.

  What kind of association and thinking did this sentence cause you? Please write an article.

  Requirements: select the right angle, determine the concept, clarify the style, and draw up the title; Do not copy or copy; Do not disclose personal information; Not less than 800 words.

2 Examining thinking in images and improving aesthetic quality

  The examination questions select literary works, lead candidates to feel the beauty of the motherland’s language and characters, and mobilize association and imagination on the basis of reading experience to express their feelings and thoughts. For example, the pragmatic I corpus of Volume B is extracted from Two Old Men by Wang Zengqi, which examines the ability of candidates to comprehend the expression effect through language forms. Lin Bu’s "Late Return on the Lake" is selected as the reading test of ancient poetry in Volume II of the new curriculum standard, which shows the poet’s tranquil mood in the description of the scenery. Question 16 asks candidates to think about how Wang Guowei’s view of "seeing things from me, so everything is my color" is confirmed in his poems.

3 examine scientific thinking, stimulate the enthusiasm of inquiry

  习总书记在多次讲话中强调提高青少年科学素养的重要性。试题通过文质兼美的科普文章激发考生的好奇心、想象力和探究欲,倡导科学思维。如全国甲、乙卷的实用类文本阅读材料选自科普读物《树的秘密生命》和《深时之旅》,既注重营造热爱科学的氛围,又引导学生在理解材料信息的基础上,对相关问题作深入思考。

三 平稳布局、开拓新局,在考教衔接中以考促教

  试题积极体现《普通高中语文课程标准》(2017年版)的新理念,主动呼应国家统编高中语文教材中的新增内容,增强试题的创新性和开放性,引导一线教学扭转功利化倾向,将功夫下在提高课堂质量、夯实知识基础、培养能力素养上。

1 依据课程标准,强调语文实践

  语文核心素养是学生在积极的语言实践活动中积累与构建起来,并在真实的语言运用情境中表现出来的语言能力及其品质。试题从阅读与鉴赏、表达与交流、梳理与探究等方面,考查考生语言积累、梳理与迁移运用能力。全国甲卷语言文字运用试题材料摘自张志公的《说工具》,介绍了三位教师对成语“破釜沉舟”的不同的教学方法。第21题要求从“卧薪尝胆、庖丁解牛、一鼓作气”三个成语中任选一个,借鉴材料中第三位教师的讲解方法,拟出讲解要点。

2 Linking up and compiling textbooks to promote classroom reform

  The relationship between the enhancement of test questions in Volume I and Volume II of the new curriculum standard and the compilation of textbooks. The learning task in the textbook of the unified compilation, such as the test of writing short comments on works in the reading of literary texts in Volume I of the new curriculum standard, points to the learning task of "learning to write short comments on literature" in the Chinese textbook of the unified compilation; Associated with the new contents in the textbook, such as the information text reading I of the new curriculum standard II and the unit of "hometown cultural life" and "reading the whole book" in the textbook; The basic knowledge in the textbook, such as the meaning comprehension test of classical Chinese reading, is connected with the textbook content; The selected articles in the textbook are related, such as Lu Xun’s Social Drama and Shen Congwen’s Border Town, etc.

3. Innovating the form of proposition, reducing mechanical brush questions.

  A variety of new questions are used in the test questions, which effectively avoids rote memorization and "mechanical brushing". Each of the four writing questions has its own characteristics. Among them, the writing question "Teenagers’ own space" in Volume II of the new curriculum standard is a new type of reading and writing.

New Curriculum Standard Volume II Writing Test "Teenagers’ Own Space"

23. Read the following materials and write as required. (60 points)

  The idea of "be quiet and not be disturbed" mentioned in the language application II of this test paper is not uncommon among contemporary teenagers. Teenagers sometimes want to have their own space to relax, settle down and grow up in their study and life.

  Please write an article combining the above materials.

  Requirements: select the right angle, determine the concept, clarify the style, and draw up the title; Do not copy or copy; Do not disclose personal information; Not less than 800 words.

  Four sets of classical Chinese test materials have single text and compound text. The new sentence-breaking questions in classical Chinese can prevent candidates from using skills to answer. The forms and test sites of the four sets of pragmatic test questions are different. In addition to traditional ill sentences, idioms and supplementary writing, comments, sentence meanings and expression effects are also examined.

4 Respect the law of growth and encourage personality development.

  Test questions provide candidates with a space to show their personality and express their true feelings, and encourage candidates to explore, find problems and express themselves. For example, the writing test "Young People’s Own Space" in the second volume of the new curriculum standard is close to the examinee’s life and closely related to the growth of young people. Candidates can show their personality and reflect their thinking on growth through the introduction of their own space content, and can also have a dialogue with their parents and teachers.

  In 2023, the Chinese examination questions for the college entrance examination will educate the party and select talents for the country, guide the vast number of young people to establish firm ideals and beliefs, consolidate their knowledge base, improve their ability and accomplishment, and become the pillars of socialist modernization!