标签归档:夜西安论坛

Meteorological Response in Agricultural Transformation Period —— Summary of Meteorological Service for Agriculture since the 18th CPC National Congress

 China Meteorological News reporter Niu Yanyuan Lai Min Intern reporter Zhang Hongwei Lai Yuwen

  Agriculture is always regarded as a basis for national stability and for people’s security.

  Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the pace of agricultural modernization has been accelerating.

  We have heard that the transformation and upgrading of agricultural development mode urgently calls for meteorological services.

  We have seen that the meteorological department has the courage to take responsibility and dare to transform, and in the journey of strengthening the modernization of meteorological service agriculture, ensuring national food security and the supply capacity of important agricultural products, it has handed over satisfactory answers during the agricultural transformation period.

  National Top-level Design Calls for Policy Landing —— Keep up with the trend of change and development, and implement practical measures to highlight actual results.

  On March 20, 2015, Bai Hongxia clearly remembered that there was a gratifying spring rain that day.

  Bai Hongxia is an agricultural technology information officer at the regional station of agricultural technology extension in Xindian Town, Luohe City, Henan Province. That morning, holding a microphone, she introduced the modern agrometeorological service platform to Wang Yang, Vice Premier of the State Council, who came to inspect. "As an important part of the Internet of Things system integrating soil, fertilizer, water and gas in high-standard grain fields, the modern agricultural meteorological service platform can integrate real-time farmland monitoring data, make targeted and refined agricultural meteorological service products, and then send them to farmers in various ways."

  On the same day, the National Conference on Spring Agricultural Production and Forest and Grassland Fire Prevention was held in Luohe. Wang Yang pointed out at the meeting that it is necessary to continue to strengthen meteorological capacity building and improve the service mechanism, especially to meet the new requirements of agricultural transformation and structural adjustment, and actively provide personalized, diversified and professional services while doing a good job in universal meteorological services. It is necessary to improve the accuracy of monitoring and early warning of abnormal weather and meteorological disasters in key agricultural seasons, and strengthen the direct meteorological service for new business entities and the whole agricultural production chain.

  Transformation has become a general trend.

  This is a five-year period of profound changes in the field of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and a five-year period of constant changes in the demand for meteorological services for agricultural development.

  Keeping up with the development trend, the No.1 Document of the Central Committee, which guides the work of agriculture, countryside and farmers in China, continues to emphasize increasing investment in meteorological services for agriculture, and the requirements for meteorological services are more clear.

  In 2013, "accelerate the construction of rural meteorological information service and weather modification work system and capacity, and improve the level of agricultural meteorological service and rural meteorological disaster prevention".

  In 2014, "improve the rural grassroots meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation organization system and carry out direct meteorological services for new agricultural business entities".

  In 2015, "innovate the service mechanism of meteorology for agriculture and promote the integration into the agricultural socialized service system".

  In 2016, "strengthen the construction of meteorological service system for agriculture, vigorously develop the application of intelligent meteorology and agricultural remote sensing technology, and explore the pilot of weather index insurance".

  Take advantage of the situation and follow the trend. China Meteorological Bureau paid close attention to the implementation of the No.1 Document of the Central Committee, focused on the national "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" work, made continuous efforts in optimizing the system and mechanism, innovated the means of supporting agriculture and benefiting farmers by meteorology, improved the agricultural meteorological service system and the rural meteorological disaster prevention system (referred to as the "two systems" for short), built a long-term mechanism, and improved the national agricultural meteorological business system, etc., and outlined a clear path for the development of meteorological services for agriculture.

  Sit and seek, get up and go. In the hard work, a series of meteorological service initiatives for agriculture have landed.

  In the past five years, the meteorological department has taken it as its own responsibility to cope with climate change and escort food security, and issued the Blue Book of Assessment Report on the Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture in China twice, so as to create special meteorological services for the whole process of key farming seasons focusing on ensuring food security, and provide scientific reference for food production, management, supply and marketing scheduling, storage and transportation, and trade.

  In the past five years, the meteorological department has continuously promoted the deepening of departmental cooperation, established an agrometeorological expert alliance composed of experts in meteorology, agriculture, forestry, water conservancy, plant protection and other fields, and promoted the establishment of timely and effective information exchange network systems and data product sharing lines among departments; Realize the docking and integration with the service organizations and resources of grass-roots supply and marketing cooperatives, and incorporate new agricultural business entities such as agricultural and sideline products business enterprises, township grass-roots cooperatives and farmers’ cooperatives into the direct service targets of meteorological departments to promote service quality and efficiency.

  In the past five years, the meteorological department has actively served the construction of advantageous areas of characteristic agricultural products, and jointly promoted the establishment of a characteristic agricultural meteorological service center with "one province as the mainstay, multi-province participation and linkage between ministries and provinces" with the Ministry of Agriculture, and gradually established a characteristic agricultural meteorological service network with different varieties and regions to realize the intensification, standardization and branding of characteristic agricultural meteorological services.

  The real move is landing, and you can see the actual results-

  By 2016, 123 standardized modern agricultural meteorological service counties and 1009 standardized meteorological disaster prevention towns and villages have been built nationwide.

  Since 2011, the national public’s satisfaction with meteorological services has remained above 85 points, of which the rural public’s satisfaction with meteorological services reached 88.9 points in 2016.

  In the past five years, the accuracy of the national total grain output forecast has been stable above 99.9%, and the accuracy score of the provincial total grain output forecast has reached 98.1 points.

  The new agricultural structure calls for deep service-multi-department "ensemble" to enrich the connotation of "two systems"

  Only by going deep into the vast fields can we truly feel the "popularity" of direct meteorological services.

  In yushu city, Jilin Province, Chen Zhuo, head of Tian Feng Machinery Planting Professional Cooperative Association, and Xu Liping, head of Agricultural Meteorological Service Section of Municipal Meteorological Bureau, are old friends. "There is my contact information in the early warning information publishing platform. When there is unfavorable weather, I will receive the reminder at the first time." Chen Zhuo said. In Weichang County, Hebei Province, Ding Mingya, Chairman of Potato Industry Alliance, and Zhu Guoliang, Director of County Meteorological Bureau, are "iron buddies". "There are special observation stations in the plantation, and meteorological data will be transmitted to me in real time." Ding Mingya said. In Liupanshui City, Guizhou Province, Gu Yonglong, the head of the Red Heart Kiwi Industrial Park in Miluo Township, is very close to Chi Zaixiang, a senior engineer of the Municipal Meteorological Bureau. "The ulcer prevention and control system specially developed by the Meteorological Bureau can give an early warning one or two months in advance, which has reserved sufficient prevention and control time for us." Yan Yonglong said.

  In the new wave of comprehensive rural reform, new types of agricultural business entities are constantly emerging. These new agricultural business entities have large scale of operation, high yield level and greater losses due to disasters, so the demand for meteorological information and technical measures for disaster prevention and mitigation is more urgent. In 2014, the No.1 Document of the Central Committee explicitly requested the development of direct meteorological services for new agricultural operators.

  Subsequently, the China Meteorological Bureau and the Ministry of Agriculture jointly launched a direct meteorological service for new agricultural business entities, namely, agricultural meteorological service products changed from "universality" to "personalization", service delivery mode changed from "general style" to "direct style", and service language changed from "jargon" to "local accent". At present, 982,000 new agricultural business entities enjoy "point-to-point" direct meteorological services, and nearly 2.4 million registered users of intelligent agricultural meteorological terminals.

  Direct meteorological services can "spread branches and spread leaves", which is inseparable from the increasingly perfect fertile soil of "two systems" of meteorological services for agriculture.

  In the past five years, the connotation of the construction of "two systems" of meteorological service for agriculture has been continuously enriched:

  In 2013, efforts were made to establish standardized meteorology to serve agriculture in counties (cities, districts) and townships (towns).

  In 2014, the central government will drive local finance to jointly invest, strengthen the long-term mechanism construction of meteorological services for agriculture and direct meteorological services, build standardized meteorological services for counties (cities, districts) and townships (towns), and continue to promote the equalization of grassroots meteorological services.

  In 2015, we will innovate the meteorological service mechanism for agriculture, promote the integration of meteorological service for agriculture into the agricultural socialized service system, and serve agricultural modernization and new rural construction.

  In 2016, innovating the effective supply mode of meteorological services for agriculture, developing an intelligent and efficient meteorological service system with clear responsibilities and rights, and enhancing the ability of meteorological support for accurate poverty alleviation services have become the main lines of work.

  In the past five years, meteorological service for agriculture "two systems" construction has written a brilliant report card:

  Nowadays, China’s rural meteorological disaster monitoring and early warning information dissemination capabilities have been significantly enhanced, and a rural meteorological disaster prevention system has been basically established. By the end of 2016, 57,000 regional automatic weather stations had been built in rural areas nationwide, with a township coverage rate of 95.9%; Organize and complete the general survey of meteorological disaster risk in all districts and counties in China, and organize and complete the compilation and application of flood and flash flood risk zoning maps for more than one third of small and medium-sized rivers in China; In 2167 counties, meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation or meteorological services for agriculture were established, and in 2018 counties, meteorological disaster prevention plans were issued.

  Nowadays, China’s agricultural meteorological service business system is becoming more and more perfect, and the service level is steadily improving. By the end of 2016, China had built a modern agrometeorological observation network consisting of 653 agrometeorological observation stations, 2,175 automatic soil moisture observation stations and 1,895 farmland microclimate observation stations. Meteorological services were integrated into the construction of high-standard grain fields, and 1312 agricultural meteorological demonstration fields were built, and the demonstration and promotion area of agricultural meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation technology was nearly 50 million mu; The development of characteristic agrometeorological services is in full swing, and 28 agrometeorological sub-centers have been established in 10 provinces according to regions or crops.

  The construction of "two systems" of meteorological service for agriculture is an ensemble of many departments. China Meteorological Bureau and the Ministry of Agriculture jointly issued agricultural pest and disease disaster forecast, agricultural drought monitoring and forecast, jointly issued a document with the Ministry of Land and Resources to promote meteorological forecast and early warning of geological disasters, and jointly carried out meteorological grade forecast and visual consultation with the State Forestry Administration; The meteorological bureaus of all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) cooperate with civil affairs, women’s federations, public security, supply and marketing departments to build a team of meteorological information officers. The rural economic information network sponsored by governments at all levels, undertaken by meteorological departments and co-organized by agriculture-related departments covers more than 270 cities (districts) and more than 1,300 counties in 31 provinces … In the linkage of departments, the "two systems" of meteorological services for agriculture continue to grow and develop.

  It can be seen that a nationwide rural meteorological monitoring, forecasting and information service system network has been formed, and the "two systems" of meteorological services for agriculture are gradually becoming an important way for meteorological services to extend to the grassroots.

  The development of modern agriculture calls for the support of science and technology-gathering the strengths of many "technologies" to accurately cure the "pain points" of farmers

  Nowadays, agricultural production has already bid farewell to the passive situation of "facing the loess and facing the sky", high technology has become a new support for development, and the fruits of meteorological science and technology have benefited the whole country.

  In Jiangxi, to meet the needs of modern agricultural development, it is necessary to have the ability of self-perception, judgment, analysis, selection, action, innovation and self-adaptation in the whole process of agrometeorological business, service and management. The "Jiangxi Micro-farmers" developed by the local meteorological department can automatically match farmers and managers in different regions. It is not difficult to provide refined and targeted services. Using big data classification management technology, services can more accurately cure farmers’ "pain points".

  In Anhui, the meteorological department established the "Chuhe Network Community", and developed the "Huinong Meteorology" APP with the support of agro-meteorological Internet of Things technology.

  In Fujian, meteorological departments use technologies such as Internet of Things, wireless communication and software to provide farmers with services such as monitoring information inquiry inside and outside greenhouses, weather forecast and early warning, agricultural production suggestions and remote control of intelligent greenhouses.

  In Chongqing, the Municipal Meteorological Bureau has developed a refined intelligent service platform for agrometeorology, and set up a working subsystem, an intelligent service website, a "PDA" subsystem and a business monitoring system for agrometeorology …

  For science and technology departments, only by intensive cultivation around "technology", can the soil where meteorology serves agriculture be more fertile. In the past five years, meteorological science and technology elements have been integrated into all aspects of agricultural production:

  During various farming activities, the meteorological department provides agricultural producers with monitoring and forecasting information of agro-meteorological conditions and monitoring, evaluation and early warning information services of agro-meteorological disasters by making full use of technologies such as automatic observation of agro-meteorological based on the Internet of Things, gridded forecasting based on refined numerical weather forecasting products, and quantitative evaluation based on the fusion of crop models and remote sensing.

  In terms of adjusting industrial structure in response to climate change, the meteorological department carried out analysis based on high-resolution satellite remote sensing and radar detection data, and completed 7,205 detailed agro-climatic zoning and agro-meteorological disaster risk zoning.

  In the prevention and control of pests and diseases, meteorologists carry out joint research across departments to clarify the main types of pests and diseases that harm large crops and the index of damage degree, and provide decision-making services for agricultural departments to formulate pest control plans, adjust agricultural structure, and arrange crops.

  In the application of agro-meteorological applicable technologies, meteorological departments and agricultural departments have established an effective cooperation mechanism to carry out technology research and development and demonstration and popularization according to local conditions.

  The close-knit and intimate services in meteorological services for agriculture all reflect the concept that "it is necessary to strike while the iron is hot". Nowadays, the technology of agro-meteorological disaster lattice impact prediction and risk early warning developed by meteorological department has been applied in business, and the precision of remote sensing monitoring of crop growth and yield estimation, agro-meteorological disasters and pests and diseases has been continuously improved; 38 national agro-meteorological technical standards and business norms were compiled and revised, 5,548 local agro-meteorological indicators were formulated, and more than 60 applicable agro-meteorological technologies were developed and popularized.

  The supporting force behind this series of scientific and technological innovations is that meteorological, agricultural and other departments organize experts to design and popularize their applications. Colleges and universities participate in research and development, and the alliance of experts at home and abroad involved in agriculture acts as a "think tank". The essence and technology of industry and universities form a joint force in the field of meteorological services for agriculture to jointly improve service capabilities.

  (Source: China Meteorological News, September 28, 2017 Editor: Zhang Lin)

In order to strengthen its military strength, Poland continues to "buy in buy buy" and is ready to buy an airborne early warning aircraft.

  Poland will purchase the "Eye of the World" airborne early warning aircraft from Sweden to enhance the strength of the air force.

  The "Eye of the World" early warning radar has a maximum detection range of about 550 kilometers and has strong airborne early warning aircraft and command and control capabilities.

  According to the US "Defense News" website reported on May 24th, the Polish Defense Minister is negotiating with Sweden on the purchase of AEW&C by the Polish Air Force.

  "Eye of the World" is an airborne early warning and command and control system developed by Saab, a Swedish defense and security company. The system consists of Erieye extended-range radar of Saab and sensors of the mission system. It can be installed on the "Global" 6000/6500 long-range business jet produced by Bombardier. The maximum detection distance of the radar is about 550 kilometers, the maximum number of detected targets exceeds 300, and the mission life is about 11 hours.

  According to reports, Poland plans to spend 689 million US dollars to purchase two "Eye of the World" early warning aircraft, and reserve the right to purchase the other two. The two aircraft will be delivered to Poland before 2027.

  At present, the main equipment of the Polish Air Force includes 48 F-16s, 28 MiG -29 fighters (some of which have been handed over to Ukraine), 18 Su -22 fighter-bombers and trainers. In recent years, in order to enhance the air force’s combat capability, Poland has accelerated the pace of purchasing new fighters. In 2020, Poland spent $4.8 billion to purchase 32 F-35A stealth fighters.

  Last September, Poland signed an arms purchase agreement with South Korea, and Poland will spend 3 billion US dollars to buy 48 South Korean F/A-50 light fighters. According to the agreement, the first batch of 12 aircraft will be delivered in the second half of 2023, and the second batch of 36 aircraft will be delivered between 2025 and 2028. In August last year, Poland and South Korea signed another military purchase contract. Poland will buy a batch of K-2 Panther main battle tanks and K-9 self-propelled artillery from South Korea, with a contract value of 5.76 billion US dollars. In addition, Poland also plans to purchase 96 Boeing AH-64E Apache helicopter gunships with a total value of 12.5 billion US dollars.

General Administration of Market Supervision: It will issue opinions with relevant departments to improve the consumption environment and start the establishment of a national demonstration city for a

Cctv newsThe State Council Press Office held a routine briefing on the State Council policy this afternoon (July 31). Kuang Xu, director of the Law Enforcement Inspection Bureau of the General Administration of Market Supervision, introduced at the meeting that as the lead department for protecting consumers’ rights and interests, the General Administration of Market Supervision thoroughly implemented the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, made great efforts to create a secure consumption environment and promote consumption quality and expansion. Specifically, it includes three aspects: building the system, keeping the bottom line and raising the line.

First, constantly improve the laws and regulations and consolidate the institutional foundation of the consumption environment.General administration of market supervisionFocusing on new situations and new problems in the field of consumption, we actively responded to consumers’ concerns, and revised a series of rules and regulations, such as the Measures for the Supervision and Administration of Online Transactions, the Provisions on Clearly Marking Prices and Prohibiting Price Fraud, the Measures for the Administration of Internet Advertising, and the Measures for the Administration of Contract Supervision, so as to promote the overall construction of a coordinated supervision pattern of the consumption environment. Focus on new formats such as blind box management, duty-free online shopping, and new energy vehicles, issue normative guidelines, carry out administrative guidance, and implement defective product recalls, and guide emerging fields such as home appliances, automobiles, duty-free, blind boxes, and e-commerce to improve after-sales service and boost consumer confidence.

The second is to continuously strengthen supervision and law enforcement and purify the market consumption environment. Safety is the premise of consumption. Market supervision departments continue to promote the "iron fist" action in the field of people’s livelihood, and severely crack down on the problems that the masses have strongly reflected, such as illegal food addition, fake and shoddy products, advertisements of "magical medicine" and medical beauty chaos. Since the beginning of this year, more than 350,000 cases in the field of people’s livelihood have been investigated. Focusing on consumers’ concerns, we have successively carried out special actions such as lighting up hundreds of e-commerce platforms, protecting the safety of children’s and students’ supplies, improving the quality of dairy products, and improving the quality of catering, so as to enhance the satisfaction of people’s daily consumption. This year, the General Administration will also comprehensively publicize consumer complaint information, promote the formation of a closed loop of consumption-evaluation-supervision, and guide operators to enhance their awareness of honesty and law-abiding and the quality of goods and services.

The third is to comprehensively carry out consumer confidence actions to enhance consumers’ sense of acquisition.General administration of market supervisionTogether with 26 departments, we will guide all industries and regions to improve the soft power of the consumption environment, fully mobilize the enthusiasm of operators and consumers, and build a large number of regional brands such as assured shops, assured markets, assured neighborhoods, assured scenic spots, assured villages and "satisfied consumption Yangtze River Delta" nationwide to stimulate urban and rural consumption. Actively explore the transformation of credit assets of assured consumers, and use financial "assured loans" to enhance the sense of acquisition of the real economy and small and micro enterprises. Continue to promote offline return without reason, local shopping in different places, advance payment and rapid return, and 654,000 physical stores across the country have returned about 5.38 billion yuan. Improve the online dispute settlement mechanism of the national 12315 platform, promote 132,000 enterprises to settle in the platform, and promote 16.5% of consumer disputes to be directly resolved at the source. Carry out the food safety "you check me" service to benefit people’s livelihood. More than 60 million people have participated in the spot check activities, and the sampling amount is close to 320,000 batches, building a "heart-to-heart bridge" to serve the people.

Kuang Xu said that in the next step, the General Administration will also issue opinions with relevant departments to improve the consumption environment, launch the creation of a national demonstration city for assured consumption, give play to the role of traction and incitement in the overall creation of the city, and drive the consumption environment in various places to further upgrade.

Eye-catching "report card" shows development confidence and confidence. China economy shows "tough strength"

CCTV News:On February 1st, "News Network" reported the financial revenue and expenditure of China in 2023, the scale of service trade, the new breakthrough of Xiamen Port’s "Silk Road Shipping" route, etc. Combined with the recent new achievements in the fields of people’s livelihood, opening up to the outside world and energy supply, it can be seen that China’s economy will carry forward the past and forge ahead into the future, and the new year will surely sail and sail.     

[Promote the economy to achieve effective improvement in quality and reasonable growth in quantity]

In 2023, fiscal revenue maintained a recovery growth trend.

At the press conference held by the State Council Office on February 1, the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Finance said that in 2023, China’s fiscal revenue maintained a recovery growth trend, and the national general public budget revenue exceeded 21 trillion yuan, an increase of 6.4%, and the fiscal revenues of 31 provinces all achieved positive growth; The national general public budget expenditure exceeded 27 trillion yuan, an increase of 5.4%. Social security, employment, science and technology and other key expenditure areas are strongly guaranteed.

This year, the central government will appropriately raise the level of central and provincial investment subsidies for the construction of high-standard farmland, and the structural tax reduction and fee reduction policy will focus on supporting scientific and technological innovation and manufacturing development, so as to promote the effective improvement of quality and reasonable growth of the economy.

Ministry of Finance: Take effective measures to support scientific and technological innovation in 2024.

Scientific and technological innovation is an important direction of China’s fiscal expenditure. The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Finance said that in 2024, China will take more powerful and effective measures to promote the construction of modern industrial system with scientific and technological innovation and develop new quality productivity. 

Vice Minister of Finance Wang Dongwei:In terms of policy orientation, it pays attention to strengthening the main position of enterprise innovation. Pay attention to the role of demand traction. Pay attention to improving the toughness and safety level of the industrial chain supply chain. Pay attention to stimulating the vitality of researchers, support the pilot reform of salary system in universities and research institutes, accelerate the pilot reform of ownership or long-term use right of post scientific and technological achievements, and fully mobilize the enthusiasm and creativity of researchers.

Wang Dongwei said that in 2024, in terms of the use of funds, efforts will be made to deepen the reform of the allocation and use mechanism of financial science and technology funds, strengthen the overall planning of scientific and technological tasks and funds, and highlight key support points. It is necessary to increase investment in basic research, applied basic research and cutting-edge research, and support the promotion of original innovation ability; Fully guarantee to win the key core technology battle, support the layout and implementation of a number of major national science and technology projects, and accelerate the seizure of the commanding heights of science and technology; At the same time, we should focus on national laboratories, national scientific research institutions, high-level research universities and leading enterprises in science and technology, and support the strengthening of national strategic scientific and technological strength; It is also necessary to strengthen the overall planning of innovative resources such as projects, funds, bases and talents, strengthen performance management, and strive to improve the use effect of science and technology funds.

Ministry of Finance: The subsidy level for high-standard farmland construction will be appropriately raised.

In 2023, China’s grain production achieved another bumper harvest and maintained growth for many years, which is inseparable from the support of state financial funds. At the press conference, the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Finance said that in 2024, the central government will appropriately raise the level of central and provincial investment subsidies for high-standard farmland construction.

Li Xianzhong, Director of the Treasury Department of the Ministry of Finance:In 2024, the central government will appropriately raise the level of central and provincial investment subsidies for the construction of high-standard farmland, continue to support the seed industry revitalization action, the short-board action of agricultural machinery and equipment, and agricultural socialization services, explore the establishment of an inter-provincial horizontal interest compensation mechanism for grain production and marketing areas, improve the diversified investment mechanism, and at the same time, strengthen supervision over the use of funds and the implementation of policies to better ensure national food security.

According to reports, in 2023, the central government allocated 92 billion yuan to support the construction, renovation and upgrading of 80 million mu of high-standard farmland, and launched a pilot project for comprehensive utilization of saline-alkali land. Raise the minimum purchase price of wheat, and expand the coverage of full cost insurance and planting income insurance for the three major grain crops to all major grain-producing counties in China. 

[The scale of China’s service trade reached a record high in 2023]

According to the data released by the Ministry of Commerce on February 1, 2023, the total import and export of services in China was 6,575.43 billion yuan, up 10% year-on-year, and the scale of service trade reached a record high. Among them, travel services have the fastest growth. The import and export of travel services in the whole year was 1,485.62 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 73.6%.

At present, China is comprehensively deepening the pilot of innovation and development of service trade, and at the same time carrying out a comprehensive pilot of expanding and opening up the service industry, and continuously releasing the pilot system dividend. There are already 112 export bases of special services in China, covering seven fields, including culture, digital services, geographic information, intellectual property rights and language services.

[The first batch of special loans for urban village reconstruction projects will benefit people’s livelihood]

The reporter learned from China Development Bank and China Agricultural Development Bank that the first batch of special loans for urban village reconstruction projects have been distributed in Guangzhou, Zhengzhou and other cities since January 30th, involving more than 100 projects.

On January 30, China Development Bank issued a special loan of 9.08 billion yuan for the renovation of villages in cities, involving nearly 100 projects in Guangzhou, Zhengzhou, Jinan, Nanjing and other cities, benefiting more than 100,000 residents and building 238,400 sets of resettlement houses. China Agricultural Development Bank has also issued special loans to urban village reconstruction projects in more than ten cities including Shijiazhuang, Jinan, Chengdu, Wuhan, Ningbo, Hefei and Guiyang since January 30th.

Wang Xinfeng, Deputy Director of Housing and Urban Construction Business Department of China Development Bank:The special loan funds are earmarked for the preliminary work of the transformation of villages in cities, the construction of compensation and resettlement housing communities, and the related supporting infrastructure (construction) of the communities. The use of funds is closed and earmarked. In the process of fund management, we strive to reduce the cost of funds and provide low-cost and efficient financial support for the transformation of villages in cities.

At the end of last year, the Central Economic Work Conference proposed to accelerate the construction of affordable housing, the construction of public infrastructure for ordinary and emergency use, and the reconstruction of villages in cities.

Dong Ximiao, Principal Investigator of Zhaolian:The special loan for urban village reconstruction has the advantages of stable source, large amount of funds, low interest rate and long term, which is helpful to solve the problems of large capital demand and long period in the early stage of urban village reconstruction. The landing of the first batch of special loans for the reconstruction of urban villages means that the reconstruction of urban villages has been accelerated.

[China will build a highland for cooperation with Africa in the inland province of Hunan]

Ministry of Commerce: Support Hunan to accelerate the development of cooperation with Africa

Recently, the Overall Plan for the Construction of China-Africa Economic and Trade Cooperation Pioneer Zone was approved by the State Council and officially issued. At the special press conference held on January 31, the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Commerce said that by giving full play to Hunan’s industrial and geographical advantages, it will further optimize the accumulation and allocation of non-cooperative resources and support Hunan to accelerate its development of non-cooperation with Africa.

According to reports, the "Overall Plan for the Construction of China-Africa Economic and Trade Cooperation Pioneer Zone" clearly requires that the pioneer zone should focus on the construction of an innovative zone for economic and trade cooperation with Africa, a leading zone for deep economic and trade cooperation with Africa, a bearing zone for industrial chain cooperation with Africa and a "meeting room" for economic and trade exchanges and cooperation with Africa, and build an African non-resource product distribution and trading center, a China-Africa cross-border e-commerce cooperation center, a China-Africa industrial chain cultivation center, a China-Africa financial cooperation center, a China-Africa logistics center serving the central and western regions and a China-Africa

In addition, the Pioneer Zone relies on the China (Hunan) Pilot Free Trade Zone, meets international high-standard economic and trade rules, strengthens policy integration and innovation in optimizing China-Africa trade structure, deepening capacity cooperation, promoting financial logistics service innovation, and strengthening people-to-people exchanges in think tanks, and comprehensively improves the level of China-Africa economic and trade cooperation, and timely summarizes and evaluates new experiences and practices, so as to replicate and promote them in a wider scope.

The construction of the pioneering area will emphasize "depth" and "pioneering"

At the special press conference held on January 31, the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Commerce said that the construction of the pioneering zone of China-Africa deep economic and trade cooperation will highlight the two aspects of "depth" and "first", and strive to promote the in-depth development of China-Africa cooperation, improve quality and increase efficiency.

Deepen cooperation in key areas. The pioneer area will focus on trade, investment, finance, personnel exchanges and other fields, promote the liberalization and facilitation of the flow of resource elements, and accelerate the cooperation between China and Africa in the fields of digital economy, green and low carbon, transportation and logistics; Deepen the docking of domestic and foreign markets, strengthen the docking of the pioneering zone with Chinese enterprises in Africa and overseas economic and trade cooperation zones, promote the development of industrial agglomeration in China and Africa, and close the cooperation between China and Africa; We will further promote the participation of all sectors of society and build a good platform for more domestic departments, localities, enterprises and financial institutions to exchange and cooperate with Africa.

In terms of "going first", we should try first to expand opening up and facilitate cooperation with Africa. Further optimize market access, strengthen market distribution function, cultivate new formats of cross-border e-commerce and carry out product processing cooperation; We will take the lead in linking the Pilot Free Trade Zone and innovating the policy measures for cooperation with Africa. Relying on the Hunan Pilot Free Trade Zone, we will promote the introduction of supporting policies for the Pilot Free Trade Zone and form a pattern in which the Pilot Free Trade Zone and the Free Trade Zone promote each other.

[Clean energy helps to build Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area’s energy security defense line]

After 30 years of safe operation, Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station has supplied 310.4 billion kWh of electricity to Hong Kong.

Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station was officially put into commercial operation on February 1, 1994, and has been safely put into operation for 30 years. On February 1, China Guangdong Nuclear Power Group said that in the past 30 years, Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station has supplied 310.4 billion kWh of electricity to Hong Kong.

Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station is the first large-scale commercial nuclear power station in mainland China, with six million kilowatt nuclear power units. By the end of last year, the cumulative on-grid electricity consumption of six units reached 939.1 billion kWh, equivalent to reducing the consumption of standard coal by over 280 million tons and reducing carbon dioxide emission by over 770 million tons, equivalent to afforestation of about 2.11 million hectares. Among them, 80% of the on-grid electricity of Units 1 and 2 of Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station was delivered to Hong Kong, and the cumulative power supply to Hong Kong reached 310.4 billion kWh, accounting for nearly 30% of the social electricity consumption in Hong Kong.

Land construction of the platform for the second phase of "Deep Sea No.1" project was completed.

China CNOOC was released on February 1st, and the land construction of the comprehensive processing platform for the second phase of "Deep Sea No.1" project was completed. At the same time, underwater construction is also stepping up, laying the foundation for scheduled production.

The comprehensive processing platform of the second phase of "Deep Sea No.1" project consists of underwater jacket and water production blocks, with a total height of about 136 meters, equivalent to the height of nearly 49-story residential buildings, and a total weight of 12,215 tons, equivalent to the weight of more than 8,100 cars. Among them, the deck plane of the water production block is 57.5 meters long and 36 meters wide, and the projection area is equivalent to the size of five standard basketball courts.

At the same time as the construction of land facilities in the second phase of "Deep Sea No.1" project is stepping up, the underwater construction is also advancing. Recently, the underwater jacket supporting the platform successfully slipped into the water near Sanya and was accurately positioned. It is planned to be installed with the water production block during the Spring Festival.

"Deep Sea No.1" gas field is the first 100 billion cubic meters ultra-deep water gas field independently explored and developed in China, with the maximum water depth exceeding 1500 meters. The second phase of "Deep Sea No.1" project is about 70 kilometers away from "Deep Sea No.1" energy station. The design adopts intelligent joint control data sharing scheme, and the oil and gas produced is remotely controlled by the energy station. The treated natural gas is transported to the natural gas receiving terminal in Zhuhai, Guangdong Province through pipelines and supplied to Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.

Up to now, the cumulative natural gas production of "Deep Sea No.1" exceeds 7 billion cubic meters, and the cumulative oil production exceeds 700,000 cubic meters.

[Shipping+Land Transport Paves a New Way for the Belt and Road Initiative]

Xiamen Port’s "Silk Road Shipping" route has exceeded 10,000 times.

According to Xiamen Customs, the "Silk Road Shipping" route originating from Xiamen Port exceeded 10,000 ships on February 1, and the container throughput was 11.16 million TEUs.

Zhejiang: China-Europe trains ushered in a "good start" in the first month, with a year-on-year increase of 26.8%.

On January 31st, the X8020 China-Europe train with 110 TEUs of small commodities and hardware supplies slowly left Yiwu West Railway Station. This train will leave the country via Alashankou Port in Xinjiang and go to Malashevich, Poland.

The reporter learned from Hangzhou Railway Logistics Center of Shanghai Railway Bureau that in January this year, 110 trains were operated in Zhejiang Central Europe, and 12,000 TEUs of goods were delivered, a year-on-year increase of 26.8%, which ushered in a "good start" in the first month.

["Small package" mapping vitality China has taken many measures to smooth the "microcirculation" of people’s livelihood happiness] 

With the approach of the Spring Festival, the business volume of postal express delivery has gradually increased. At present, nearly 500 million pieces of express delivery are received and sent every day. According to the State Post Bureau, due to the large business volume of postal express delivery in Spring Festival travel rush this year, the Spring Festival is relatively late and the pre-holiday promotion lasts for a long time, the business volume mainly based on new year’s goods is larger than in previous years. Going out empty-handed has become a new trend this year, and more and more people send their luggage, gifts and specialties home by express delivery. In addition, the recent rainy and snowy weather period is at the peak of the delivery of new year’s goods before the Spring Festival, and the areas seriously affected by rain and snow are located in the central transportation hub provinces of China, which has put great pressure on the delivery of new year’s goods. The State Post Bureau has deployed a large-scale investigation and rectification campaign for the hidden dangers of major accidents in the postal express delivery industry to ensure the safe operation of the express delivery business.

Company Frontline | Adjustment and update of the theme points of Huayou Cobalt Industry

  () F10 data shows that on March 3, 2024, the theme points of () were updated and adjusted:

  It is planned to jointly build a project invested by KNI Company.

  In December 2023, the company plans to sign the Revised and Restated Joint Venture Agreement with Vale Indonesia, Ford Motor Company and KNI Company through its wholly-owned subsidiary Huaqi Singapore, and the Revised and Restated Definite Cooperation Agreement with Vale Indonesia and KNI Company, stipulating that all parties plan to jointly build a wet process project of nickel hydroxide with an annual output of 120,000 tons (nickel metal quantity) of KNI Company in Indonesia, with a total investment of about 3,842,200. On December 26, 2023, the company, Ford Motor Company and Vale Indonesia recently completed the signing of delivery documents, share subscription payment and filing procedures for equity change related to this transaction. After the completion of this transaction, Huaqi Singapore, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the company, holds 73.2% equity of KNI, Ford Motor Company holds 8.5% equity of KNI, and Vale Indonesia holds 18.3% equity of KNI. Within the agreed period, Ford Motor Company will finally choose to participate in the subscription of 8.5% or 17% of the shares of KNI Company, and Vale Indonesia will have the right to exercise up to 30% of the participation options of KNI Company. The final shareholding structure of KNI Company will depend on the actual exercise of the parties.

  It is planned to invest 1.278 billion euros in the ternary positive electrode project for high-nickel power batteries.

  In June, 2023, the company plans to invest in the construction of ternary positive electrode project for high-nickel power battery in Hungary through its holding subsidiary Bamo Technology Hungary Kft (Chinese name: Ba Maw Science and Technology (Hungary) Co., Ltd., hereinafter referred to as "Hungarian Ba Maw"). According to preliminary calculation, the total planned investment of this project is 1.278 billion euros, of which the first-phase investment scale is 25,000 tons/year, and the first-phase planned total investment is 252 million euros. The company’s development strategic plan during the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" period takes the new energy lithium battery material industry as its core business. This investment in the construction of new energy lithium battery material project in Europe is an arrangement made by the company according to the medium-and long-term development strategy, and it is also an important step of the company’s internationalization strategy, which meets the demand of the rapid development of new energy automobile industry for new energy lithium battery materials.

  $422 million for Zimbabwe lithium mine

  The company has completed the acquisition of 100% equity of Prospect Lithium Mine Company. In March, 2023, all the production lines of Arcadia lithium mine development project of Prospect lithium mine have completed the equipment installation and commissioning, and put into trial production, successfully producing the first batch of products. Specific acquisition plan: In December 2021, the company plans to acquire Prospect, an Australian listed company, through its subsidiary Huayou International Mining (Hong Kong) Co., Ltd. for US$ 377,755,267.

Zimbabwe Prospect held by Prospect Minerals Pte Ltd (PMPL), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Resources Ltd ("Prospect Company").

87% equity of Lithium Zimbabwe (PVT) Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Prospect Lithium Mine Company") and the related creditor’s rights of Prospect Lithium Mine Company under the Inter-company Loan Agreement. At the same time, the company plans to acquire Kingston, a natural person, for US$ 44,244,733 through Huayou International Mining.

Mr. Kajese holds 6% equity of Prospect Lithium Mine Company and 7% equity of Prospect Lithium Mine Company held by Tamari Trust Family Trust. The total amount of this transaction is USD 422 million. After the acquisition, Huayou International Mining will hold 100% equity of Prospect Lithium Mine Company and related creditor’s rights under the Inter-company Loan Agreement. Prospect lithium mine company owns 100% interest in Arcadia lithium mine in Zimbabwe. As of October 2021, the JORC(2012) standard resources of Arcadia project published by Prospect Company are 72.7 million tons, with lithium oxide grade of 1.06%, tantalum pentoxide grade of 121ppm, lithium oxide metal quantity of 770,000 tons (equivalent to 1.9 million tons of lithium carbonate) and tantalum pentoxide metal quantity of 8,800 tons. Among them, the reserve is 42.3 million tons, the grade of lithium oxide is 1.19%, the grade of tantalum pentoxide is 121ppm, the metal content of lithium oxide is 504,000 tons (equivalent to 1.24 million tons of lithium carbonate), and the metal content of tantalum pentoxide is 5,126 tons.

  Join hands with Vale Indonesia to develop nickel resources.

  In September, 2022, the company signed a cooperation framework agreement with PT Vale Indonesia Tbk (referred to as "Vale Indonesia"), and the two parties planned to jointly build a high-pressure acid soaking project. The limonite required for this project was supplied by Vale Indonesia at Sorowako Mine in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. In this project, high-pressure acid soaking technology will be used to process laterite nickel ore and limonite in Sorowako mine in Vale, Indonesia. The project plans to produce 60,000 tons of nickel cobalt hydroxide (MHP) annually. If the available limonite increases, both parties will consider expanding the production capacity of this project. Huayou Cobalt will build and implement this project, and Vale Indonesia will have the right to acquire up to 30% of the shares of the project company according to the agreement. Vale Indonesia has the right to approve new investment projects by investors. Both parties will underwrite MHP products according to their shareholding ratio in the project company. The company signed a cooperation framework agreement with Vale Indonesia to jointly develop nickel resources in Indonesia again, which will further give full play to the advantages of both sides in resources, technology and industrial chain, and build a leading platform for supplying nickel raw materials for new energy power batteries.

  Supply Tesla

  In August 2022, Huayou New Energy Technology (Quzhou) Co., Ltd., a holding subsidiary of the company, and Huayou (Hong Kong) Co., Ltd. signed the Production Pricing with Tesla,Inc and Tesla (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.

Agreement》。 According to the agreement, the company plans to supply ternary precursor products of battery materials to Tesla from July 1, 2022 to December 31, 2025.

  Lithium battery recycling business

  The company actively laid out the recycling business of lithium batteries, and established Recycling Technology Co., Ltd. and Renewable Resources Co., Ltd., and the company’s Quzhou manufacturing platform was successfully selected into the list of the first batch of five enterprises that met the "Industry Standard Conditions for Comprehensive Utilization of Waste Power Batteries in New Energy Vehicles" issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. The company cooperated with a number of well-known vehicle companies to develop and undertake the recycling of retired batteries, cooperated with a number of well-known battery companies in the strategic cooperation mode of exchanging waste for materials, and reached cooperation with a number of domestic and foreign vehicle companies in the recycling and recycling of retired batteries. With the development of business, the company is forming a new energy lithium battery industry ecology from cobalt and nickel resources, smelting and processing, ternary precursors, lithium battery cathode materials to resource recycling.

  Co-established a subsidiary with LG Chem to develop cathode materials.

  The company plans to establish joint ventures Huajin Company and Leyou Company through a wholly-owned subsidiary Huayou New Energy and LG Chemical. The registered capital of Huajin Company is 159 million US dollars, of which Huayou New Energy invested 81.09 million US dollars, accounting for 51% of the registered capital. The registered capital of Leyou Company is 285.36 million US dollars, of which Huayou New Energy invested 139.8264 million US dollars, accounting for 49% of the registered capital. The first-phase production scale of Huajin Company is 40,000 tons/year of precursors, and then both parties can expand the production scale of the joint venture company to 100,000 tons of precursors through consultation according to customer demand and market conditions. Leyou Company’s first-phase production scale is 40,000 tons/year of cathode materials. After that, both parties can expand the production scale of the joint venture company to 100,000 tons of cathode materials through consultation according to customer demand and market conditions. This joint venture with LG Chem will effectively integrate the advantages of technology and market channels of the company and LG Chem in ternary precursors, ternary cathode materials, automotive lithium-ion power batteries, etc., which will help the two sides to carry out all-round cooperation in technological research and development, raw material supply and marketing of lithium-ion new energy materials products, and jointly build an internationally competitive industrial chain of lithium-ion new energy materials.

  Non-ferrous business

  The company’s non-ferrous plate is mainly engaged in the deep processing business of new cobalt materials, and its business is concentrated in the subsidiary factories of Huayou Quzhou and Tongxiang Headquarters. The main products are cobalt chemicals such as cobalt tetroxide and cobalt sulfate, among which cobalt tetroxide is mainly used as cathode material of 3C lithium batteries, and cobalt sulfate is mainly used as precursor of ternary materials for power batteries. The non-ferrous plate has formed a business structure with cobalt as the core and nickel, copper and manganese as supplements, and has comprehensively broadened and improved the production line around the company’s new energy lithium battery industry development strategy, and built a wealth of products.

  New energy lithium battery material high-tech enterprise

  The company is mainly engaged in the R&D and manufacturing of new energy lithium battery materials and new cobalt materials. It is a high-tech enterprise with an integrated industrial chain from cobalt and nickel resources development to lithium battery materials manufacturing, and is committed to developing low-carbon and environmentally-friendly new energy lithium battery materials. After more than ten years of development and accumulation, the company has completed the spatial layout of its headquarters in Tongxiang, its resources are guaranteed overseas, its manufacturing base is in China, and its market is in the world, forming an industrial pattern of integrated and coordinated development of three business sectors: resources, nonferrous metals and new energy. The three business segments form a vertically integrated industrial chain within the company. At the same time, the company is still laying out the recycling business, and is striving to create a new energy lithium battery industry ecology from cobalt and nickel resources, smelting and processing, ternary precursors, lithium battery cathode materials to resource recycling. The N65 series ternary precursor products of the company have been applied to the world-renowned automobile enterprises such as Volkswagen MEB platform, Renault Nissan Alliance, Volvo and Ford through POSCO-LGC battery industry chain, and the multi-element high-nickel series new products have entered LGC, CATL, () and other important customers and automobile industry chains respectively. The non-ferrous industry sector has successfully developed 301A3, 302A4, 300A4 and other high-voltage new products of cobalt tetroxide, achieving a major breakthrough in 4.45V high-voltage cobalt materials.

  The largest supplier of cobalt products in China.

  At present, the company is the largest supplier of cobalt products in China, and its production and sales scale ranks among the top in the world. The company’s strategic layout is the development of Indonesian nickel and cobalt resources, which has obvious industry leading advantages in the stable supply of low-cost raw materials for new energy lithium batteries. At the same time, the company is also one of the main suppliers of cathode materials and ternary precursor products for lithium batteries in China, with production and sales scale and technical development capability in the forefront of the industry. The company has established a sales network covering domestic and foreign markets, established a stable cooperative relationship with major downstream customers in the industry, and ensured the smooth sales and high-end application of the company’s products. Among them, part of the company’s ternary precursor products are applied to world-renowned car companies such as Volkswagen MEB platform, Renault Nissan Alliance, Volvo and Ford through the POSCO-LGC battery industry chain. The company signed a long-term supply contract with POSCO and its affiliated enterprises totaling about 90,000 tons, and signed a number of long-term strategic cooperation agreements with Rongbai Technology, () and Funeng Technology. The company’s high-nickel cathode materials have greatly increased the supply of LG New Energy and CATL, which are used in the world-famous brand automobile industry chain respectively. Multi-element high nickel, ultra-high nickel and medium nickel single crystal high voltage series cathode new products have entered LG New Energy, CATL, EVE, Funeng and other important customers and automobile industry chains respectively.

  New energy business

  The company’s new energy business mainly focuses on the research and development, production and sales of lithium battery cathode materials, including ternary cathode materials and lithium cobaltate materials. The products are mainly used in electric vehicles, energy storage system batteries, consumer electronics and other fields. According to the positioning of "rapid development, high-end breakthrough, benefit-oriented, and seizing the commanding heights of new energy lithium battery materials", the new energy business implements the competitive strategy of "product leading and cost leading", and continuously improves the production organization ability and product quality control level with the support of scientific and technological innovation, so as to realize that the output, quality and new product development are at the leading level in the industry. Lithium battery cathode materials products have been widely used in the international high-end brand automobile industry chain, the international energy storage market and the consumer electronics market. The company’s ternary cathode materials have been supplied in large quantities (), and LGES and other global head power battery customers have formed a rich industrial ecological chain, which is widely used in well-known brands of electric vehicles at home and abroad. The company’s lithium cobalt oxide products are gradually upgraded to high-rate and high-voltage, and have fully entered the global mainstream consumer electronics supply chain, covering Samsung, Apple, Huawei, Xiaomi, VIVO and other terminal mobile phone factories. As the strategic focus of the company’s transformation to the field of new energy lithium battery materials, the company’s new energy business plays a leading role in the company’s future industrial development.

Oral: Zhang Liangsheng, researcher of Chinese Academy of Sciences: the first postgraduate exam in 1978.

[Editor’s note]What subjects were there in the college entrance examination 60 years ago? How was the postgraduate exam conducted 40 years ago? The Paper interviewed Mr. Zhang Liangsheng, a researcher at the Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and asked him to talk about two "big exams" in his life and his experiences and anecdotes in high energy physics research.

Zhang Liangsheng was born in June 1939 in Wuxi, Jiangsu. He participated in the college entrance examination in 1957 and entered the nuclear physics major of Nankai University. In 1978, he was admitted to the first postgraduate after the resumption of college entrance examination, and entered the Institute of High Energy Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, where he studied under Professor Zhang Wenyu, the founder of high energy experimental physics in China. Mr. Zhang Liangsheng devoted his life to the experimental research of high-energy physics in China.

Zhang Liangsheng is being interviewed.

Learn with one heart

Our family was very poor before liberation. My father was an apprentice at the age of 13 and worked as a clerk in a grocery store. Eldest brother is also about 13 years old (as an apprentice); The second brother is a little older and became an apprentice at the age of 16. After liberation, my father spent some money on a small stall, selling some soy sauce, salt and so on. He wanted to get rich.

My father asked me to inherit his career and run a small stall after I graduated from primary school. He taught me how to purchase goods, how to keep accounts and how to use abacus. I said I wouldn’t do this, but I had to go to school. Finally, my father and I reached an agreement. He said that if you were admitted to Wuxi No.1 Middle School, you would go to school. If you failed, you would work with me. No.1 Middle School is a public school, and the quality is very good. It doesn’t cost any money to get into No.1 Middle School, and there are state grants. As a result, I was admitted, and my father said, then go to school. At this time, it was just liberated, and tuition was free. Moreover, I applied for a grant after I went to school and went to high school.

I study very hard in middle school, and I like to study hard at ordinary times. I read my brother’s middle school physics book in primary school and was very interested. Once a classmate pulled a roller to repair the playground. The roller got stuck in the pit and couldn’t be pulled. He asked me what to do. I said you turned it upside down, pulled it back, and then jerked it forward and rushed over. They did it according to my method.

I took the college entrance examination in 1957, which was the most difficult one before the "Cultural Revolution". I was very stuck, and I volunteered before the exam. I’m afraid I won’t get into Tsinghua Peking University, so I’m conservative and applied for Nankai University. When I was in high school, I chose science. I took seven courses in Chinese, mathematics, foreign languages, politics, physics, chemistry and biology in the college entrance examination, and I got 96 points in physics. If I applied for Peking University, I could get into it.

In 1957, Zhang Liangsheng was photographed when he graduated from high school.

I studied nuclear physics in the physics department of Nankai University for five years. At that time, universities were all five years. Graduated in 1962, then stayed in school to tutor the basic course of nuclear physics, and then came to Lanzhou University, where he was promoted from a teaching assistant to a lecturer.

Want to go to Lanzhou to do something.

On October 16, 1964, our country exploded the first atomic bomb. At that time, the Ministry of Higher Education had planned to concentrate on two places in the north to engage in nuclear physics and radiochemistry, one was the Department of Physics of Peking University, and the other was the Department of Modern Physics of Lanzhou University, because Lanzhou was in the northwest and close to the nuclear test site. The Ministry of Higher Education intends to move some majors in nuclear physics and radiochemistry from Nankai University and Shandong University to the Department of Modern Physics of Lanzhou University.

Nankai took active action. In the summer of 1965, all the teachers, students and equipment of nuclear physics and radiochemistry were moved to Lanzhou. In order to move these equipment, the Ministry of Railways also specially prepared a special train, and the whole train was loaded with instruments and equipment.

There are about 100 students and teachers in the two classes going to Nankai. When moving, let everyone go home first, and then go to Lanzhou to concentrate, so everyone will arrive in Lanzhou early and late. I arrived in Lanzhou on August 23rd, and I was the first one to arrive in Lanzhou. At that time, I was in a state of mind, hoping to see what Lanzhou was like, hoping to do something in Lanzhou.

At that time, the whole country was preparing for war, and Lanzhou University had professional knowledge and technical conditions. The Lanzhou Military Region hoped to equip the PLA with some equipment for detecting nuclear radiation. The two sides hit it off, and we helped them to make a device called "automatic gamma ray alarm device". After the nuclear explosion, the gamma rays would whir to a certain extent, and the response was not bad. Later, a "automatic gamma ray recorder" was further developed, which was a little more advanced. It will record the intensity of gamma rays after the nuclear explosion by itself, and it has a wide range. It has four gears and will automatically shift gears as a daily monitor in the chief’s room to see if the radiation exceeds the standard. Later, these two devices won four awards at the National Science Conference in 1978, one was the Science Conference Award, the other was the Ministry of Chemical Defense, the Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Progress Award, and the other was the Lanzhou Military Region Award.

The other is to participate in nuclear tests. I won’t say much about this, but I have to keep it a secret. At that time, I also went to the proving ground. The school sent two people, one was me, who was engaged in nuclear physics, and the other was engaged in radiochemistry, both of whom were from Nankai University. However, we didn’t wear radiation masks, long boots and lead clothes like others, and after finishing half a bucket of sweat, it wasn’t that bad. We just tested gamma rays in the house, which was still a certain distance from the central area of the nuclear explosion, and it wasn’t as hard as their first line.

I also went to factories and rural areas to attend classes while taking part in labor. At that time, I chose three teachers, and I was one of them. I took a class of students to Xi ‘an 262 Factory to "open a school", where I gave them technical lessons. After I came back, the factory sent people to Lanzhou and invited me to give lectures to the students of 721 University in their factory. 721 University was very common at that time, which was equivalent to an enterprise university. Because enterprises should have their own technical talents, in order to cultivate talents, they chose some workers from the factory, did not study full-time, and hired teachers from outside to respond to Chairman Mao’s "721 instruction" and learn to work, learn agriculture and learn the army.

The level of students of workers, peasants and soldiers is uneven, some don’t understand, some don’t have enough to eat, so we should take care of everyone when teaching and be relatively relaxed when graduating. Teachers are also urging teachers to learn, so I have never given up my major. Moreover, in the late period of the "Cultural Revolution", the atmosphere on campus began to love reading. There are also some old intellectual families. Although the state does not attach importance to it, there are still some wishes and practical actions for children to learn. There is a kind of person who always has a desire to pursue knowledge no matter what social environment.

I also keep a hope that one day the country will be normal, and it can’t go on like this forever. There has been no enrollment for ten years. What will the country do after that? How can we do it when everyone is illiterate? I think the normal enrollment of college entrance examination will be resumed one day.

The First Postgraduate Examination after the Cultural Revolution

At the beginning of 1978, I was taking part in a nuclear test in our country when I knew I wanted to recruit graduate students. There were many people who took part in the nuclear test that time, and everyone communicated with each other. I heard the news of recruiting graduate students, but I didn’t know it in detail. Because the national college entrance examination for undergraduates was resumed in 1977, it was not surprising at all to get the news of resuming postgraduate recruitment, which was expected.

The Admissions Office in Lanzhou is located in a school in the city. I learned that it is really necessary to recruit graduate students, and the age range has expanded to 40, and my age is also included. I am very happy and feel that I have finally had a chance after waiting for so many years. The recruitment method is basically the same, that is, the process of registration, written examination and re-examination.

I came back and prepared an inch of photos, so I went to register. When you register, you should give the photo to the Admissions Office. After that, it will be posted. I went to see it, and it has my name, so that the formal registration is successful. After I signed up, I got an admission ticket, which I still have.

Admission ticket

There is basically no time to review before the exam. On the one hand, I have to work, and on the other hand, I have two children to take care of. It is because of my physical skills in college and my interest to take the exam. After the "Cultural Revolution", the country was not ready for the first postgraduate exam, but just wanted to open it, so there was neither an exam outline nor exam materials, and they were all in a hurry.

The formal exam is also in the school where I signed up. It seems that there is only one test center in Lanzhou, and there are only twenty or thirty people in an examination room. I am one of the oldest in it. I remember that my position is next to the north wall, the penultimate row. The exam is a table for one person, which is relatively apart to prevent looking at each other. There are two or three invigilators, the admission ticket is on the table, and the invigilators should check the photos so as not to be replaced by others.

In the middle of the exam, everyone is generally more disciplined and cherish this opportunity. During the "Cultural Revolution", some people basically lost everything they studied and did something else. Even if you asked him to take the exam, he didn’t have the heart to take it. However, there are still a small number of people who haven’t left their studies for so many years and hope to resume the exam one day. These people who took the exam basically belong to this category, that is, they usually study hard and have some foundations, so it is not easy to have such an opportunity, so they didn’t cheat in the exam.

I’m not too nervous during the exam. I think I’ll do whatever I get in the exam. I want to keep my mood relaxed. At that time, I took three exams, one political course, one foreign language course and one specialized course. My specialized course was high-energy physics, and I got 95 points.

I felt very uncomfortable when I took the physics exam. I still remember the general content, saying that there was a ball, and particles were emitted from the surface of the ball, and at the same time the ball fell. I asked how long it would take for the ball to fall in a vacuum. I think the conditions of this question are confused. If particles are sprayed in one direction, just like jets or rockets, they are different from spraying in all directions. If particles are sprayed in all directions, it is necessary to know how big, how much and how fast the particles are, and the results are different. These conditions were not given, so I simplified it at that time. After the exam, I always thought that there was something wrong with this question, so I wrote a letter to Gao Neng Institute, in which I wrote my calculations and some ideas. When I went to the High Energy Institute for a second interview, I heard that this question was cancelled. They might think it was reasonable after reading my letter. This question was simply left out, so I asked where I was wrong. They checked it for me and said that I didn’t have a particularly big mistake, that is, one point was deducted. Anyway, there were some omissions. In some places, the answer was incomplete, not a big problem, and finally I got 95 points.

The political examination is mainly about current events, such as the destruction of the Gang of Four, which brought the national economy to the brink of collapse. It was mainly based on the accumulation of reading newspapers and listening to the radio at ordinary times. At that time, everyone paid close attention to some political trends and knew about general state affairs.

There are some questions in the English exam that are similar to Shakespeare’s translation, and there are no textbooks, that is, I always read some English materials, and I go to attend the English class at school, and I read some physics journals in English, so I have never abandoned them. Besides, it was not difficult to do the first exam in good conscience.

After the written test, I wasn’t sure whether I could get in. At that time, the institute of high energy recruited 20 people, but hundreds of people signed up and later told me to go to Beijing for a second interview. At this time, I was a little sure in my heart. At that time, it happened that my wife was steaming steamed buns. I grabbed two steamed buns and left with a bag of paper, because the two steamed buns were still hot and covered, and I had diarrhea after eating them.

During the interview, I was asked why I took the postgraduate exam, why I took the high-quality college exam, and what I had done before. I chose the high-energy physics major of Chinese Academy of Sciences. One reason is that after I stayed in Nankai University, I was sent to the Institute of High Energy for a period of time. After that, I hope to go to the Institute of High Energy in the future. Another reason is that after the "Cultural Revolution", Deng Xiaoping made up his mind to grasp high-energy physics, and found more than 100 high-energy physics students from all over the country, and concentrated on recruiting them to Beijing, which was unprecedented in history, because it was very difficult to enter Beijing, but later I couldn’t be directly transferred to Beijing, so I had to enter the Institute of High Energy Studies of the Chinese Academy of Sciences by examination. I just like physics and want to study it all my life.

Later, someone asked me if you would like to be a graduate student of Director Zhang Wenyu, and I said of course I would. Zhang Wenyu is the first director of the Institute of High Energy Physics, and he has done pioneering work in muon atomic physics in the world. When Li Zhengdao and Yang Zhenning won the Nobel Prize, the state sent him to Sweden to do their work, and Yang Zhenning also publicly stated that Zhang Wenyu was his mentor.

Shortly after the interview, I received a letter saying that you have been officially admitted as a graduate student of Professor Zhang Wenyu. I was very excited after receiving the letter. I used to hear and see it in the illustrated newspaper on the radio. Now the relationship is so close, I went to the reference room of our department to find the relevant pictures. People’s Pictorial has a picture of Mr. Zhang Wenyu. I studied it for a long time and thought about it. I was very happy at that time.

In the summer of 1981, Zhang Liangsheng and his tutor Professor Zhang Wenyu (right) took a group photo in front of the main building of High Energy Institute.

When Lanzhou University took the exam as a lecturer, five people were admitted to each applicant. On September 29th, Lanzhou University held a school committee, which was equivalent to the highest-level meeting. At the meeting, it was discussed that five people were admitted to graduate schools, and Lanzhou University, as a school, would not let people go. Finally, it was considered that this was a major national policy and agreed to let people go and study with pay.

I joined the work in 1962, and by 1978, I had been waiting for 16 years. I was 39 years old when I took the exam. This was a very rare opportunity, and I seized it. By the second year, I was stuck.

Graduate student with Mr. Zhang Wenyu

After I arrived in Beijing, I studied basic courses first. I was old and my brain was failing. It was very difficult to learn. Other students were playing outside, so I studied in the house. People came back to see me studying there after playing, always sitting, always studying.

After finishing the basic course, I did my graduation thesis. At that time, there was no high-energy accelerator in our country, so it was not necessary to do high-energy physics experiments. Mr. Zhang Wenyu suggested that I do the work of high-energy detector-multi-wire detector, which is to detect the tracks of microscopic particles invisible to the naked eye.

Professor Zhang Wenyu particularly emphasized the need to do experiments. He said that "experiments are the basis of theory and the source of knowledge". He himself published an article in People’s Daily stressing the importance of experiments. Don’t sit there all day dreaming and don’t do practical things. He particularly emphasized this point. According to Zhang Wenyu’s teaching, I started from the basic things, including how to punch holes, how to draw wires, how to glue, how to package, how to ventilate, how to measure, how to record data, and finally analyze and write papers. These are all done by myself, and the experimental results are published in High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics.

On this basis, I also quantitatively explained a new international experimental result, that is, the experimental group directed by Professor Xia Pake, who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1992, used the "multi-step avalanche chamber" filled with argon gas to let a high-intensity charged particle beam pass through it and make it run at a high counting rate, thus obtaining the breakdown data of the "multi-step avalanche chamber" when it was running at a high counting rate. They didn’t give a quantitative explanation for the result themselves, but only gave a qualitative explanation. I have a different view, so I established an equation for quantitative calculation. The calculation results confirmed my assumption that the decay life of the substances accumulated near the anode wire in the multi-step avalanche chamber is consistent with the metastable life of argon, which shows that the metastable state of argon plays a decisive role. After my explanation was published at home and abroad, an experimental group of Kyushu University in Japan made an experiment by experts to test whether my explanation was reasonable or that of Professor M.Atac in the United States. The experimental results supported my explanation and called it "Zhang Model".

In 1992, at CERN, Zhang Liangsheng (left) congratulated Xia Pake (right), winner of the 1992 Nobel Prize in Physics.

After the thesis defense, everyone thought that my level was higher than that of the master’s degree. An international experimental result was not explained correctly. I explained it quantitatively, but it was not appropriate to give it to my doctor directly, because our high-energy institute trained experimental high-energy physics, and I engaged in detectors, which are also in the category of high-energy physics, but there are still some differences when we talk about it carefully. The institute wanted me to continue my PhD, but my wife and I were separated, and I still had a child at that time. This situation made me stay for a few more years, which was really not good. I told the company that it was difficult to separate at home. So he graduated in 1981 and assigned work according to his master’s degree.

Dedicated to the research of high-energy physics all his life.

There have been many schemes or ideas for high-energy accelerators in China. There is a saying called "eight ups and seven downs", one of which was presided over by Premier Zhou during the Cultural Revolution. The scheme was put forward, and all the money was available, and it was ready to be done. As a result, the Gang of Four made trouble and failed to make it. It was called "eight ups and seven downs".

In 1978, Deng Xiaoping made up his mind to do it, and put forward a plan, namely the ring accelerator, which made a name for itself. After exploring the terrain in the Ming Tombs, he dismounted. The reason for dismounting this time was that the pace was too big and the national economy could not support it.

Later, Professor Li Zhengdao proposed an electron-positron collider to accelerate positrons and negative electrons respectively and focus them on one point for collision. Of course, the collision is worse than hitting a static target, and the electron itself is relatively small in mass, which is relatively easy to do. Everyone agrees to use the electron collision method. Finally, this project was completed. The state awarded a grand prize and held an award ceremony in Huairentang, Zhongnanhai. I was one of the winners in it, and the certificate was signed by Premier Li Peng at that time.

Zhang Liangsheng’s award certificate

In 1984, Professor Ding Zhaozhong came to China to recruit students to engage in high-energy physics experiments in the Mark-Jay Group in West Germany. Ten people were found in the high-energy institute and asked to review before taking the exam. Two of them did not take the exam, and only one of the remaining eight people was admitted. Later, I recruited another batch, and this time I was recruited, and I was admitted alone; Later, I took the exam twice, and two more people were admitted. Ding Zhaozhong took several of our admitted students to Beijing Hotel for an interview, which was mainly about high-energy experimental physics. He asked me about "proton decay", and I replied that according to the "grand unification" theory, "baryon number" and "lepton number" are no longer conserved quantities, so protons can decay. Only by answering this sentence, he felt satisfied. He asked his mind to be clear and not verbose. The more you talk, the more confused you are, which means that you don’t understand. Simply point out the most critical points and he will know that you know the problem. So I went to West Germany in 1985.

In 1985, Zhang Liangsheng (first from the right) took a group photo with Ding Zhaozhong (second from the right) in the MARK-J group.

At the end of 1992, I was once again sent to work in a European nuclear research center for more than a year. After I came back, I worked in a high-energy institute until I retired. After I finished my studies, I made a contribution to my country.

High-energy physics is widely used in reality, and the Internet is one of them. At CERN, there was a group mainly engaged in the transmission of high-energy data. On this basis, a concept of high-energy network was gradually developed, and this concept gradually became the Internet. With the advice and help of Professor Li Zhengdao, the Internet established by our country with foreign countries through the Institute of High Energy is also for the purpose of transmitting high-energy experimental data. With this foundation, our country has invested heavily in developing the Internet, and China has a large population, a large base and a scale effect, so the Internet has developed rapidly in China, which is still very advanced internationally. Our country’s high-energy physics is now in the international leading position in some aspects.

In retrospect, taking the first postgraduate exam after the resumption of the college entrance examination was an opportunity for me to change my fate, and it was also the only opportunity for many students after ten years of interruption of the exam during the Cultural Revolution. Ten years of "Cultural Revolution", ten years of fault, talent training was abandoned in the "Cultural Revolution". Restoring the college entrance examination made everyone feel that there was hope and a way. They could gain a sense of accomplishment through their own efforts and have their own glory in it at a certain stage. This is a good thing that benefits the country and the people, and it is a major move after the country is on the right track.

If a country wants to stand on the top of the world, it must have world-class leading talents. Everything in exam-oriented education is to cope with exams, cramming and memorizing, which stifles learning enthusiasm. We should encourage everyone to study hard, have their own opinions, give full play to their strengths, be active and creative, have a strong thirst for knowledge and interest, and don’t become an examination machine.

Old movies are not "old", and "Hello, Brother" has a long battery life at the box office.

Special feature of 1905 film network The National Day file closed, and the "combat value" of each box office was released.Among them, withWan Li’s ReturnRepresented by the new film accounted for nearly 90%, becoming the main force at the box office. At the same time,"Hello, Brother" and "New God List: Yang Jian"Old films, etc., also show good box office endurance, accounting for 12% of the box office.


In recent years, the phenomenon of old films returning has appeared in various golden files to varying degrees. The old film here refers to the film whose premiere date is more than one week away from the opening date of the schedule.


According to the statistics of Cat’s Eye Professional Edition, during the period from 2019 to 2022 (except 2020), the box office of old movies on New Year’s Day accounted for 28%, 1% and 12% respectively, the Dragon Boat Festival was 6%, 15% and 44% respectively, and the Mid-Autumn Festival was 13%, 24% and 29% respectively. 


The excellent quality of film content, obvious differences in genre and other factors have become the secret of the long-lasting box office endurance of old films. The old and new films are on the same stage, which also gives the audience more choices.


01.Old movies are not "old"


"For films like" Hello, Brother "and" New God List: Yang Jian ",we found that there were still many viewers watching them during the eleventh period, so we increased some times accordingly according to the actual attendance of the films, or adjusted the whole digit and time period appropriately." In an interview with the media, Yu Chao, executive deputy general manager of Capital Cinema, said so. During the eleventh period, old films were still within the range of many viewers’ choices.


In the top ten of the National Day box office in 2022, the number of new and old films on the list was seven and three respectively.



In the new film, The Return of Wan Li earned 1.024 billion yuan at the box office, contributing nearly 70% of the box office, making it a well-deserved box office champion of the National Day. The film is not only the 99th member of the Billion Box Office Club of China Film History, but also the first billion box office work in the director’s career.


In the old films, the box office of "Hello, Brother" and "New God List: Yang Jian" in Moon Man was from high to low, with 78.58 million yuan, 47.32 million yuan and 32.59 million yuan respectively. Under the blessing of the National Day file, the cumulative box office of the first two works exceeded 400 million and 500 million respectively.


These three old films are obviously different from the new ones, which has become one of the important factors for them to take advantage of the box office bonus.


Among them, Moon Man’s Hello Brother belongs to a typical Mahua FunAge-style comedy. No matter the main lineup or narrative style, there are many similarities between the two films, and they are full of laughter. This is different from the new film with plot elements in the schedule.


Although the times are constantly changing, comedies are always just needed by the audience. In the early stage of the Spring Festival in 2021, the comedy films with average quality only made a box office of 235 million yuan by virtue of genre differences.



As an adult-oriented animated film, the New God List: Yang Jian and other new films with low orientation such as New Big Head Son and Little Head Dad 5: My Alien Friends in the schedule have a low overlap rate in the audience. The former is dominated by young audiences, while the latter is dominated by young parents and school-age parents.


These two kinds of animated films have made their own gains in the National Day archives. "New Big Head Son and Little Head Dad 5" took 66.793 million yuan at the box office and became the top animated movie ticket. "New God List: Yang Jian" was the runner-up with a box office of 47.32 million yuan.



Online quality has also become one of the collective characteristics of old films that have achieved good box office results in prime time. The average score of douban reached 6.4 points for the three old films with excellent box office performance in the National Day file.


In the Mid-Autumn Festival of 2022 (from September 10th to September 12th), Moon Man, the "New God List: Yang Jian", became the runner-up and the third runner-up in the box office list due to its excellent content quality. With the help of two films, the box office of old films accounted for 29% in this period.


In 2022, the Qingming file, which was released for more than two months, ranked among the TOP10 at the box office. Excellent content quality and fine visual effects make the film show super box office endurance.


In addition, the relaxed schedule environment is also a necessary condition for old films to play. Under the superposition of these internal and external favorable factors, the phenomenon of old film reflow continues to occur.


02.Reflux has a "priority"


In the head golden file and waist golden file, the phenomenon of old film reflow is divided into "urgent and slow".


According to the past statistical results, among the Spring Festival and National Day files of the seven-day legal holidays, the box office of old movies usually accounts for about 1%. As we all know, these two big head golden files usually have a large number of new films, and it is difficult for old films to have a foothold.


This is most obvious in the Spring Festival file.According to statistics, during the Spring Festival from 2014 to 2021, the box office of old movies accounted for about 1%. Huge publicity expenses, ticket supplements starting at 100 million yuan, etc., have become the box office moat of new films in the Spring Festival. This is also the main reason why the market is easy to form a new film "vacuum" zone in the early stage of the Spring Festival.


During the three-day holiday, the phenomenon of old films reflowing is relatively obvious. As the data mentioned at the beginning of the article shows, between 2020 and 2022, the average proportion of box office of old movies in New Year’s Day, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival was 21.6%, 21.6% and 22% respectively.



In addition, the phenomenon of old films reflow is more likely to occur between the golden periods with close time intervals.


For example, the "New God List: Yang Jian" released at the end of the summer file in 2022, in the Mid-Autumn Festival file in early September, also became the runner-up at the box office with 39.6562 million yuan; The Mid-Autumn Festival ticket crown "Hello, Brother" also squeezed into the top three box office in the National Day file.



The length of the release time has become a key factor to determine the level of the box office of the old film.


In 2022, the National Day old films were among the top three at the box office, and the release time of "Hello, Brother" and "New God List: Yang Jian" in Moon Man was from near to far, which echoed the box office from high to low. For many viewers who are busy with their daily work, it is the best time to catch up on old movies when they are in the prime time of legal holidays.



In addition, the reprinting of classic old films in off-season is also a routine operation to enrich the audience’s viewing choices and enhance the market popularity. In mid-July, 2020, at the beginning of the orderly resumption of the China mainland film market, Mermaid and many other classic old films became the pioneers of warm-up.


At present, Wan Li’s Way Home, which is showing a good reputation, is also expected to extend its popularity to the Lunar New Year file. At present, the annual box office of China film market has exceeded 27.3 billion. Under the new and old films, this number will continue to climb.


North American box office | "Wonka" won the championship, and the market was waiting for "Neptune"

Although the weeks before the Christmas and New Year holidays are often regarded as the off-season of box office in North America, they have never been so "dull" as this year. (except for the special year 2020)

In 2021 and 2022, the weekend total box office can still earn more than 100 million dollars every weekend in the first two weeks of the Christmas holiday. However, the North American box office was "flat" on Christmas Eve in 2023, and it has been hovering at the weekend box office of 10 million dollars for several weeks since December. On the weekend of December 15-17, the box office in the past three days was 73.9 million US dollars, and the top three at the box office were Wonka, The Hunger Games Prequel and Miyazaki Hayao’s new work Boys and Herons (formerly known as What Life Do You Want to Live).

Wonka stills

Wonka, a new film opened last weekend, grossed $39 million in the three-day weekend. It is a prequel to Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. In the mainland market of China, Wonka was released one week ahead of North America. From December 8 to 11: 00 on December 18, the total box office of the film in the mainland was 39.82 million yuan.

In recent months, a new phenomenon has appeared in the North American market, that is, concert movies, before which there were Taylor Swift: The Eras Tour? and Renaissance: A Film by Beyoncé.

Last weekend, another concert movie came to the North American market. Although it didn’t break into the top 10 (ranked 12th), it was released in a small scale in 468 theaters, earning 734,000 US dollars at the box office. This shows the ability of Korean Wave to "sprout from the ground" in the United States. "Seventeen Tour Follow to Japan: Live Viewing" recorded the South Korean men’s team Seventen.

Stills of Neptune 2: The Lost Kingdom

Christmas stalls in North America are waiting for Neptune to arrive this year. The opening date of Neptune 2: The Lost Kingdom in North America market is December 22nd, and in China, it is advanced to December 20th. In addition, this year’s Christmas blockbuster in North America also includes The Boys in the Boat directed by George Clooney, and the film Ferrari, which tells the story of two sports car brands, Ferrari and Maserati, competing for the supremacy of the track.

Ministry of Education: Intensify the propaganda, guidance and mobilization of vaccination.

  Beijing, April 3 (Xinhua) According to the website of the Ministry of Education, recently, the Ministry of Education issued a notice to deploy local education departments and universities to actively cooperate with the local vaccination work. The notice stressed that local education departments and colleges and universities should increase publicity, guidance and organization and mobilization of vaccination on the premise of compliance, knowledge, consent, voluntary and free vaccination according to law; Guide teachers and students to eliminate doubts, fulfill social responsibilities, form reasonable expectations, and improve vaccination awareness and vaccination willingness.

  The notice requires a full understanding of the importance of vaccination. Local education departments and colleges and universities should fully understand the significance of cooperating with the vaccination work in Covid-19, and deeply understand the significance of vaccination work in maintaining the safety of teachers and students, physical health and national economic and social development.

  The notice pointed out that organizational leadership should be strengthened. Local education departments and colleges and universities should, under the leadership of local Party committees and governments, incorporate vaccination into territorial management, earnestly fulfill their responsibilities, reasonably plan vaccination rhythm and vaccination progress in accordance with the requirements of the State Council Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism "Covid-19 Vaccination Overall Plan", combined with the actual situation of local schools, and cooperate with local health departments, and organize, guide and coordinate the vaccination work in Covid-19 of local schools in batches in a safe and orderly manner. Strengthen work deployment, strengthen responsibility, and compact responsibilities at different levels.

  The notice proposes to increase publicity and mobilization. Local education departments and colleges and universities should increase the publicity and guidance and organization and mobilization of vaccination on the premise of compliance, knowledge, consent, voluntary and free vaccination according to law. In various forms and through various channels, we should use easy-to-understand language to publicize the positive role of vaccines in protecting personal health and controlling epidemic situation to teachers and students in a timely manner, publicize the popular science knowledge of vaccination for precautions such as vaccination contraindications, convey scientific information on the safety and effectiveness of vaccines, guide teachers and students to eliminate doubts, fulfill social responsibilities, form reasonable expectations, and improve the awareness rate and willingness of vaccination.

  The notice stressed that we should do a good job in service guarantee. Local education departments and colleges and universities should strengthen the vaccination service guarantee, give full play to their organizational advantages, and achieve "clear base, clear information and communication" on the vaccination work of local schools, and actively cooperate with teachers and students to make vaccination appointments. In accordance with the requirements for setting up temporary inoculation points, fixed houses such as school clinics and stadiums or temporary tents are provided as temporary inoculation points to provide necessary convenience for inoculation units or medical institutions to send inoculation personnel. Strengthen cooperation with local health departments and do a good job in psychological counseling for teachers and students.

  The notice mentioned the establishment of an implementation mechanism. Local education departments and colleges and universities should guide local schools to promote the implementation of vaccination work by issuing notices, holding meetings or on-site investigations. The establishment of information reporting system, local education departments should do a good job in Covid-19 vaccination coordination and scheduling, timely statistics of local education system vaccination progress.

Juejuezi, yyds…… … Do you know the online buzzwords?

  Beijing, August 25 (Reporter Shangguan Yun) From "Juezi" to "yyds", some recent online buzzwords seem to be breaking the circle, becoming more and more common in daily life and being very versatile in use.

  Some people think that the prevalence of these buzzwords may lead to a single expression; Some people think that it is normal for language to have such changes in the network age … … How much do you know about these online buzzwords?

  Can you understand these buzzwords?

  In the recent online buzzwords, "yyds" (note: generally interpreted as "eternal god") can probably stand on the C position.

  Searching for "yyds" in Weibo has more than 20 related hot searches. Describe a good film and television drama, a delicious food, a good cosmetic, etc., and say "yyds" to express praise concisely.

  It is not the only popular "abbreviation". There are also "nsdd" of the same type, which means "you are right", and some people interpret it as "you are right". "dbq" means "I’m sorry" and is generally used to apologize.

  This is different from other online buzzwords, such as "planting grass", which can always roughly understand the literal meaning. But for people who don’t surf the Internet often, at first glance, the first feeling is probably "I don’t understand".

  "These abbreviations are not a very advanced network language. Compared with the formation of previous network buzzwords, they even have the meaning of deliberately going to the simple wind." Columnist Han Haoyue said.

  Variants of language

  In response to the emergence of online buzzwords such as "yyds", Huang Anjing, editor-in-chief of Chewing on Words, believes that this is a normal situation.

  "Theoretically, any language is not a ‘ Simple unification ’ There are variants that are different from the standard language. This kind of variation can be roughly divided into regional variation and social variation. The former is called regional dialect and the latter is called social dialect. " He said.

  For example, the Chinese used in daily communication by Shanghainese, Cantonese, Hunan and Sichuan people are different in pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar, and even difficult to understand each other. Linguistically, they are usually called Wu dialect, Guangdong dialect, Hunan dialect and Sichuan dialect.

  However, the languages used by social groups with different occupations, social status, education level, etc. are also different, which is divided according to the social groups using the language, so it is called social dialect.

  He believes that network language is a kind of social dialect, because of modern media — — Language varieties used in social group communication linked by network tools.

  In fact, "network language" can be divided into different "sub-variants". People who use online language have different ages, but the language they use is also different. It is normal that "Juejuezi", "Zhusun" and "yyds" are popular in their scope of application.

  Different types of online buzzwords

  It is not uncommon for online buzzwords to enter the public’s field of vision from a small circle. In recent years, among the "Top Ten Catchwords" selected by Chewing on Words, there are a certain number of online languages, such as "God beast" and "lemon essence".

  Huang Anjing said that when evaluating whether these online buzzwords can be selected, the most critical criterion is to see whether they meet the standard language — — The inherent structure and application of Mandarin Chinese, and whether it conforms to the social moral civilization norms of our country.

  The types that can’t be selected, including "yyds" and "yygq", are not language components in Chinese at all; There are also pathological abbreviations, such as "ten moves but refuse" and "people are difficult to tear down", which are not in line with traditional Chinese grammar, resulting in unclear meanings.

  Then there are pure homophonic words, such as "moderator" as "spot bamboo", "what" as "god horse" and "nothing" as "wood" (which is a homophonic Guangdong dialect) and so on. There is another kind of uncivilized words, which are vulgar and indecent.

  Huang Anjing found that any dialect will have an impact on the standard language. Moreover, the language elements in many dialects will also enter the standard language and become the components of the standard language, which is an objective language law.

  "We need to change a concept, and don’t look at the network language that we don’t understand, and we will strongly condemn it. In addition to those negative types, there are also many online buzzwords that belong to positive types. " He said.

  What does their popularity mean?

  However, there are also views that link the popularity of online buzzwords with the "lack of language" of online students, which means the retrogression of users’ expression ability and may even affect the richness of language.

  For example, some people think that if online buzzwords are widely used, some words with more precise and vivid expressions may be left out in the cold or even forgotten.

  "The popularity of online languages will enhance the richness and diversity of languages. Among the positive online buzzwords, many have entered the standard Chinese language system." Huang Anjing explained that the emergence of network language will bring increment to the language library.

  Language is a social symbol, which will inevitably take on the characteristics of the times. He believes that we should treat cyber terms with an open and inclusive attitude and absorb cyber terms that conform to the structural characteristics of Chinese and the norms of social civilization into our vocabulary.

  "However, it should be noted that there are a lot of negative elements in online language that do not conform to the structural characteristics of Chinese and the norms of social civilization. Language guidance and even supervision under the network background are important and urgent. This requires the joint efforts of all sectors of society. " He added.