标签归档：西安高端外卖

Does it cost oil to turn on the warm air in winter？

In winter, many car owners will be concerned about whether turning on the warm air will increase the fuel consumption of the car. In fact, if used correctly, heating the car in winter won’t cost oil.

First of all, it is necessary to understand that the cold air and warm air in the car are produced by two different systems. The cold air is cooled by the compressor, while the warm air is generated by the thermal cycle of the car itself. Therefore, when we turn on the warm air, we don’t need the compressor to work, so it won’t increase the fuel consumption.

However, some car owners may find that turning on the warm air when starting the car will lead to excessive engine load, thus increasing fuel consumption. This is because it takes some time for the engine oil to fully lubricate all parts of the engine when the car is just started. If the warm air is turned on at this time, the internal lubrication of the engine will be insufficient, and the friction resistance will increase, which will lead to excessive engine load and increase fuel consumption.

Therefore, the correct way is to wait for 3 to 5 minutes after the car starts, and then turn on the warm air after the engine water temperature rises. This can ensure that the engine is fully lubricated, reduce friction resistance, and thus reduce fuel consumption.

In short, as long as it is used correctly, turning on warm air in winter will not increase the fuel consumption of the car. Car owners can safely use warm air to keep the cab warm and comfortable.

The 2028 Los Angeles Olympic Games confirmed five new events, including squash and flag football.

Chao News Client Reporter Li Wenyao

On October 16th, at the 141st plenary session of the International Olympic Committee held in Mumbai, India, the IOC plenary session decided to adopt five new sports for the 2028 Los Angeles Olympic Games: baseball and softball, cricket, flag football, squash and tennis.

Earlier, International Olympic Committee President Bach said: "The choice of these five new sports is in line with American sports culture, and will show the world the iconic sports of the United States and bring international sports to the United States."

Official website of the International Olympic Committee explained that gender equality, the utilization rate of existing venues and facilities, and the popularity of events in the United States and around the world were taken into account in the evaluation of new Olympic sports.

There are three out of five items.

Appeared in Hangzhou Asian Games.

Among the five newly added events, except stick tennis and flag football, the other three events are official events of the Hangzhou Asian Games, and the China team also won the silver medal in the women’s softball event of the Hangzhou Asian Games.

Baseball and softball, cricket and stick tennis were once Olympic events. Among them, baseball and softball entered the Olympic Games from 1992 to 2008 and 2020, cricket appeared in the Olympic Games in 1900, and stick tennis was the event of the two Olympic Games in 1904 and 1908.

Although squash and flag football have never entered the Olympic Games before. But in the past two years, with the popularity of outdoor sports and the help of new media, it has become a new sport popular among young people after Frisbee, with a huge mass base.

Compared with the formal rugby, the waist flag rugby replaces the direct contact of the body by pulling the waist flag on the belt, which reduces the collision of the project itself, expands the audience of the sport, and makes teenagers and even girls happy.

Squash, which is known as the king of indoor sports, has entered college campuses and stadiums first. At present, there are about 30 squash courts in Hangzhou, including individual investment. These dozens of courts not only appear in national fitness facilities, but also can be seen in campuses and businesses, laying a good foundation for the public to understand squash.

Minority sports enter the Olympics.

Gain more attention

Compared with the other four events, stick tennis seems to be farther away from our lives. So what exactly is stick tennis?

Stick tennis, also known as net baseball, originated from the Indian tribes in North America, is a collective sport that uses the net pocket at the top of the bat to control the movement of small balls, and uses the lever principle to catch the balls in the net by throwing and scoring, and finally determines the outcome of the game by the score.

Does that sound familiar? Modern sports such as basketball and ice hockey, which originated in North America and are popular in the world, were actually invented with reference to stick tennis.

Stick tennis Source: vision china

In 1998, Beijing Sport University formally established the first male and female school team of stick tennis in China, and ten years later, it extended the sport to universities in Shanghai. At present, stick tennis is mainly carried out in universities, primary and secondary schools and sports training institutions in Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen, but there are no officially sponsored brand competitions in China because of the small number of participants.

These five events have officially become new events in the 2028 Los Angeles Olympic Games. For baseball and cricket, they are an opportunity to return to the Olympic family. For stick tennis, flag football and squash, they have entered the public’s field of vision, attracting more people to be crazy, just like cricket in the Asian Games.

In addition, according to the suggestions of international individual sports organizations, the IOC Executive Board meeting also confirmed the sub-item setting of the Los Angeles Olympic Games. Compared with the Paris Olympic Games, there is only one change: the beach sprint of coastal rowing, which has gradually become popular in recent years, has replaced the men’s and women’s lightweight double sculls. This is also the first time that rowing beach sprint has joined the Olympic Games.

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In the first half of the year, credit bonds defaulted by nearly 100 billion yuan, ranking first in the real estate industry.

　　The default situation of credit bonds continues unabated. According to Wind statistics, as of June 30, the default scale of credit bonds this year has reached 98.573 billion yuan, far exceeding the level of the same period last year. Among them, the overdue principal of bonds is 91.338 billion yuan and the overdue interest is 7.235 billion yuan.

　　Insiders interviewed by reporters said that the deterioration of default data in the first half of this year was mainly due to the risk exposure of several major entities such as HNA Group and Huaxia Happiness, which can be said to be the result of the accumulation of default risks in the previous period. Looking forward to the second half of the year, the default situation may continue, and the credit differentiation will further intensify.

　　At the same time, with the gradual normalization of bond market default, the redemption rate of bonds after default has also decreased year by year. Although private enterprises are still the main force of default, the scale of default of state-owned enterprises has increased rapidly. According to statistics, in the first half of 2021, the balance of default bonds of local state-owned enterprises totaled 36.411 billion yuan, accounting for 79% of the default amount of local state-owned enterprises’ bonds last year, which continued to impact the "belief in state-owned enterprises". Some analysts said that there have been two major trends in the default of credit bonds. First, state-owned enterprises with weak qualifications will become a breakthrough to break the just exchange; Second, the tail real estate company will accelerate the market clearing.

　　The scale of credit debt default has expanded.

　　Since the beginning of the year, credit bond defaults have occurred frequently. According to statistics, there were 13 new issuers who defaulted for the first time in the first half of the year, including 7 issuers in the first quarter and 6 issuers in the second quarter. However, this figure is down from 19 in the first half of 2020.

　　According to the analysis of CICC’s collection team, in contrast, the cumulative number of issuers who defaulted in the first half of this year and in the two quarters showed a downward trend year-on-year. The decrease in the number of issuers who defaulted was related to the greater efforts of supervision and local governments to maintain stability, and repeatedly stated that they had zero tolerance for malicious "evasion of debts", actively guaranteed bond payment and restored market confidence.

　　Although the number of new defaulting subjects has decreased, the scale of default has not decreased. According to the reporter’s statistics, as of June 30th, the number of defaults on credit bonds reached 120 this year, with a scale of 98.573 billion yuan, compared with 94 and 72.995 billion yuan in the same period last year. Among them, the overdue principal of bonds this year is 91.338 billion yuan, and the overdue interest is 7.235 billion yuan.

　　"This is mainly due to the risk exposure of several major defaulting entities, such as HNA Group and Huaxia Happiness, which is the result of the accumulation of risks in the early stage." A director of fixed income of a fund company told reporters. For example, in the first half of the year, a number of issuers of Hainan Airlines were ruled by the court to accept bankruptcy and reorganization applications, and all the surviving bonds were deemed to be due to breach of contract, which in turn pushed up the number and amount of defaulted bonds in the first half of the year.

　　Ming Ming, deputy director of CITIC Securities Research Institute, also told CBN: "The scale of default under the conventional caliber includes the subjects that have defaulted over the years. If their surviving bonds expire in the first half of 2021, they will also be included in this year’s default, resulting in large data. In particular, the defaults in the first half of this year included large bond entities such as Kangmei, Huaxia Happiness, Huaxin and Taihe, which led to a higher amount than the same period last year. "

　　Mingming also said that considering the risk of default in the first half of this year, it is usually compared with the first default of enterprises. In the first half of this year, the new default was 8.65 billion yuan, which was lower than 13.38 billion yuan in the same period last year.

　　Real estate default accounts for a large proportion

　　From the perspective of industry distribution, in the first half of this year, bond defaults were mainly concentrated in comprehensive, real estate, air transport, construction and engineering industries. Among them, the default scale of the real estate industry was 19.192 billion yuan, ranking first. Some insiders predict that the market-oriented clearing will be accelerated in the future under the background that the real estate regulation is not relaxed.

　　CICC’s collection team believes that this is because real estate development enterprises have the problems of large cash inflow and outflow, frequent policy regulation and tight refinancing as a whole, and naturally have the characteristics of high credit risk.

　　In fact, since 2018, with the marginal tightening of real estate financing and the arrival of the peak of real estate corporate bonds maturity, the default of real estate bonds has gradually been exposed. Especially since May last year, local regulatory policies have been tightened again, and the continuous financing shortage has stretched the capital chain of some real estate industries.

　　After the default of three real estate enterprises in the first half of this year, the institutions intensified their risk investigation on the real estate sector, and their attitudes tended to be cautious. "Some small and medium-sized housing enterprises have relatively high debt ratios, and the financing channels faced by the industry have narrowed, so they are prone to default." Macro analyst Zhou Maohua told reporters.

　　It is also worth mentioning that on July 12, Sichuan 100 billion-level housing enterprise Blu-ray Development Co., Ltd. also defaulted. The announcement shows that as of the end of the due date, the issuer failed to raise the full repayment funds as agreed, and "19 Blu-ray MTN001" failed to repay the principal and interest in full on schedule, which constituted a material breach of contract.

　　It is reported that the issuance scale of "19 Blu-ray MTN001" is 900 million yuan, with a term of 2 years. The interest rate of the bonds in this interest period is 7.5%, and the amount of principal and interest payable is 967.5 million yuan. The redemption date is July 11, 2021 (the actual redemption date is July 12, 2021).

　　Looking forward to the future credit bond market, many people in the industry expressed optimism. The aforementioned fixed income director of the fund company told reporters that it is expected that the credit default situation will continue in the second half of the year. After all, the credit financing environment has not been relaxed, and the policy has been tightening the review of urban investment bonds and real estate bonds. The performance of the credit market will be more differentiated, and the sinking of qualifications will be more cautious.

　　Zhou Maohua said that from the trend, domestic defaults will not rise sharply, mainly because the overall domestic monetary and credit environment remains reasonable and moderate, and accurately supports short-term weaknesses. At the same time, the economy and domestic demand are recovering steadily, the overall profit of enterprises tends to improve, and the market financing function is sound.

　　"We should treat the domestic bond market default rationally. A certain amount of bond default will help to find the market price, force enterprises to operate steadily, reasonably debt, and continuously improve operating efficiency; It also helps the market mechanism to play its role and promote the efficiency of market resource allocation. " Zhou Maohua also mentioned.

　　Decreasing the redemption rate of default bonds

　　As the default of credit bonds tends to be normalized, there is also a phenomenon that the payment ratio of default bonds is also decreasing.

　　According to the statistics of Zhongtai Securities, the proportion of the accumulated principal paid by default bonds to the accumulated balance of default bonds has dropped from 79.37% at the end of 2014 to 6.87% at the end of the first half of 2021; The proportion of fully paid bonds to default bonds decreased from 20% to 7.16%. This means that once the bond defaults, investors will face greater losses.

　　Generally speaking, after the bond defaults, enterprises mainly have five ways to deal with the default, namely litigation arbitration, bankruptcy litigation, self-financing repayment, debt restructuring and collateral disposal/guarantor compensation. In general, self-raised funds, debt restructuring and bankruptcy litigation are three common disposal methods, among which debt restructuring and self-raised funds have shorter redemption period and higher recovery rate than bankruptcy restructuring.

　　In addition, there are differences in default payment of different types of bonds. For example, from the perspective of the nature of enterprises, Zhongtai Securities analyzed that by the end of June 2021, 40 of the 135 private enterprises that had defaulted on bonds had partially or fully paid the defaulted bonds, with a redemption probability of 29.63%; However, local state-owned enterprises and central state-owned enterprises have higher redemption probabilities, which are 38.46% and 36.36% respectively.

　　However, in recent years, with the substantial increase in the default scale of local state-owned enterprises and the successive default of bonds issued by some central enterprise groups, "the redemption ratio of local state-owned enterprises and central enterprises according to the amount of redemption and the number of fully redeemed bonds has been lower than that of private enterprises." Zhou Yue, chief analyst of Zhongtai Securities Solid Revenue, said.

　　Specifically, in the first half of 2021, the cumulative redemption amount of local state-owned enterprises accounted for 5.03% of the bond default scale, compared with 13.95% at the end of 2018; The proportion of central enterprises is 4.20%, and it was 17.26% at the end of 2018. Zhou Yue further believes that at present, there are two tendentious problems in the default of credit bonds. First, weak state-owned enterprises will become a breakthrough to break the just-redeemed; Second, the tail real estate company will accelerate the market clearing.

Reunion dinner for Tujia boys in Hunan： the menu is ＂confidential＂, and it is dawn when eating.

My hometown is Sangzhi County, Zhangjiajie City, and I am a Tujia boy. Different from the general New Year’s Eve dinner, we usually have a reunion dinner in the early morning of the New Year’s Eve, almost as early as possible, and families will start preparing from dawn.

Therefore, every year at the reunion dinner, the family will experience the moment when the sky is bright after eating. If we are lucky, we can also hear the sound of fireworks and firecrackers set off by nearby residents during the reunion dinner. On this day, people will look forward to the good weather in the coming year, just like farmers, and they all hope that all their wishes will come true and everything will go well in the new year.

Family members have been preparing dishes for the reunion dinner since early in the morning.

When I was a child, I heard from the older generation that Tujia people have the custom of catching up with the New Year, usually having a reunion dinner on the night of the 29th of the twelfth lunar month. But as a Tujia, I have had a reunion dinner on the morning of New Year’s Eve since I was a child. Yes, this is our morning New Year’s Eve dinner.

This year is the same. Our family chose to have a reunion dinner at our third aunt’s house. It is said that three aunts and three uncles have been buying food since the beginning of the twelfth lunar month, including killing pigs from the countryside, and then finding people to smoke them into bacon and sausages. Smoked bacon can be steamed, fried and cooked, and each method is delicious.

Except for bacon, the menu of the annual reunion dinner is "confidential", and people who come to eat don’t know what to eat until the food is served on the table. This year, I asked my third aunt for a menu in advance, including: steak, steamed sausage, fried bacon, pig’s head meat, chicken hotpot, tasty fish, bacon trotters and so on.

I got up early, set out from home and walked.13I came to my third aunt’s house in minutes, and it was early morning.sixHalf past ten. Three aunts and three uncles are already busy. "Honey, thaw the pig’s trotters first, then wash them. I’ll wash those small dishes first. After you finish, then cut the sausage." Third aunt shouted.

At this time, it was just dawn outside. In the words of my composition when I was a child, it was "the sky turned into a fish-belly white". The preparation of the two people’s dishes lasted for almost an hour, and I would help them from time to time. After washing the vegetables, it was already bright outside.

It was dawn after eating, and fireworks sounded outside the house.

At this time, I came to the most important link.——Cooking. My uncle used to work in the cookhouse squad of the army, so he naturally cooked the reunion dinner. Ignite, take out the pot, burn oil and hot dishes. One by one, the ingredients change from raw to cooked in the pot, and the hot air and aroma are intertwined. Third Aunt can’t help but say, "The dishes smell good!"

fromeightAt half past ten, relatives at home knocked at the door one after another, and my brother and nephews scrambled to open the door. "Happy New Year!" Every guest who comes in will say such a sentence. In a short time, the house was full of people.

The dishes were brought to the table and the table was quickly filled. People who were sitting around the fire table smelled the fragrance and came to the table automatically. There is a special program of Spring Festival on the news channel on TV. Overseas Chinese all live the same festival belonging to China people in different places.

Our whole family picked up cups and raised their glasses to wish a happy New Year. It was cloudy that day. Although the sun didn’t come out, there were bursts of fireworks and firecrackers outside the house.——People have a reunion dinner on the morning of New Year’s Eve, saying goodbye to the old and welcoming the new, hoping for a better year.

Xiaoxiang morning herald reporter Man Yankun

News clue breaking channel: the application market downloads the "Morning Video" client and enters the topic of "Morning Help"; Or call the morning video news hotline 0731-85571188.

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The first ＂China Tea Cup＂ Anxi Tea Packaging Design Competition was officially launched.

A few days ago, the Office of Anxi County Tea Industry Management Committee released the announcement on the implementation of the first "China Tea Cup" Anxi Tea Packaging Design Competition, and officially launched the collection of the competition works.

The first "China Tea Cup" Anxi Tea Packaging Design Competition was guided by China Tea Circulation Association, Tsinghua University Academy of Fine Arts Brand Authorized ip Design Institute and Cross-Strait Tea Exchange Association, hosted by Anxi County People’s Government, and undertaken by Anxi County Tea Management Committee Office, Anxi County Tea Development Center, Anxi County Industrial Information and Commerce Bureau, Quanzhou Industrial Design Association and Anxi County Tea Development Promotion Association. With the theme of "breaking the boundary and imagining the future", the contest aims to empower Anxi tea packaging with new images and new ideas, respond to the national standard "Restricting over-packaging of commodities requires food and cosmetics" (GB23350-2021) implemented on September 1, 2023, guide the vast number of tea enterprises and packaging enterprises to adapt to the new standards as soon as possible, further improve the innovation and standardization of Anxi tea packaging, and also provide for enterprises and design talents.

The contest has the following two major tracks:

Anxi Tieguanyin packaging design: Based on Anxi Tieguanyin tea, a set of exclusive packaging of Anxi Tieguanyin tea was created according to its tea characteristics, brand positioning and cultural connotation.

Hundred teas packaging design: This direction is not limited to tea varieties, and can cover any tea varieties such as black tea, oolong tea, black tea and white tea. In order to meet the development needs of tea packaging industry and the management of new standards, a number of innovative, marketable and scientific new packaging were collected.

The total prize money of the contest is 191,000 yuan, of which the highest prize money in a single event is 30,000 yuan. The competition works are designed around six innovative points: appearance, structure, brand, culture, environmental protection and technology. The collection time is from December 2023 to February 20, 2024. Now we are collecting works for enterprises, design institutions, colleges, individuals or teams at home and abroad.

2023 Shanghai Nightlife Festival kicks off, and 100 nightlife places are waiting for you.

On the evening of June 3rd, the launching ceremony of "2023 Shanghai Nightlife Festival" co-sponsored by the Municipal Commission of Commerce, the Municipal Press and Publication Bureau, the Municipal Sports Bureau and the Huangpu District Government was held in BFC Bund Financial Center. Vice Mayor Huayuan and Deputy Secretary General of the Municipal Government Zhang Xiong attended the event.
Night life festival scene. The pictures in this article are all 100 nightlife places released by Shanghai Municipal Commission of Commerce this year. Good places for waterfront nightlife include 35 characteristic landmarks along the coast of "One River and One River", such as Shiboyuan, BFC Bund Financial Center, Putuo 88 Tribe, Suhewan Vientiane World and Fengchao on the West Bank. A good place for nightlife in Chaoliu District includes 35 characteristic commercial district landmarks such as Zhangyuan-Maoming North Road Time-limited Pedestrian Street, Daxue Road Time-limited Pedestrian Street, Panlong Tiandi, Hengshan Square, Jinchao Lane 8 and Wupintian. Good nightlife places in the neighborhood include Yangpu Youmai Life Plaza, Chongming Haishanghua Island, Bailian Century Nightclub and a number of 15-minute convenient living circle landmarks, which provide citizens with more choices for night consumption. In addition, the "Shanghai Trend Nightlife Guide" was released to provide consumers with diversified and accurate consumption strategies.
Night life festival scene. In order to promote the high-quality development of night economy, Huangpu District is taking the lead in building the "Shanghai Night Economy Fine Governance Demonstration Zone". Nine departments of Huangpu District, including commerce, public security and greening, jointly issued the "Implementation Plan on Promoting Night Economy Development in Huangpu District", focusing on planning guidance, market drive, standard docking and system innovation, and improving the management system and operation mechanism. The Council of Huangpu District Night Economy Development Community formulated the Action Guidelines for Further Promoting the High-quality Development of Night Economy in Huangpu District. In the near future, Huangpu District will also issue the "Pilot Guidelines for Exterior Placement" to improve the level of refined and intelligent urban governance and provide strong support for the sustainable development of the night economy.Meituan released the "24-hour Shanghai" night consumption vitality guide for the first time, and launched a number of night trend consumption destinations with the characteristics of trendy gameplay, niche unique experience and 24-hour business around the four sections of night food, night entertainment, night exercise and night reading. According to the data of Meituan, night service consumption generally shows the characteristics of strong overall consumption recovery momentum, great potential for late-night consumption and active development of new formats. From January to May this year, the scale of online consumer orders for night service in Shanghai increased by nearly 40% compared with 2021. After 22 o’clock in Shanghai, the night life service consumption accounts for 22% of the late-night consumption period. Nanjing West Road-Jing ‘an Temple, Nanjing East Road-People’s Square, Disney, Lujiazui-Yaohan and Wujiaochang-Daxue Road are the top five business districts in Shanghai’s night life service consumption scale index. Shanghai’s nighttime consumer goods are diverse and rich, involving 10 categories such as catering, leisure and entertainment, sports and fitness, and new formats such as gymnasiums and study rooms, which are open 24 hours a day, are booming.
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Important reminder │ It is related to New Year’s Day travel!

Goodbye 2023

Hello 2024

New Year’s Day holiday travel "craze"

I’m rushing here.

Here is a travel tip.

Please check

↓↓↓

New Year’s Day in 2024 is coming, and there will be more short-distance trips to go on road trip, friends’ gatherings and home visits, which will also increase the road traffic pressure. Here, we remind the traffic participants to know the road conditions in advance, choose the travel time, route and mode reasonably, avoid the rush hour and traffic jam-prone sections, drive carefully and travel safely.

Holiday arrangement

HAPPY NEW YEAR

one

two

three

four

five

six

sun

25

Christmas

26

fourteen

27

fifteen

28

sixteen

29

seventeen

30

have a holiday/vacation

31

have a holiday/vacation

one

New Year’s Day

2

Twenty one

three

Twenty two

four

Twenty three

five

Niansi

six

Minor Cold

seven

Twenty six

Holiday time: from December 30, 2023 to January 1, 2024, a total of 3 days. In addition, highway traffic is not free during New Year’s Day, please note, no! Free! Fee!

Weather conditions

HAPPY NEW YEAR

When driving in winter, pay attention to the weather information, freeze the foggy weather, do a good job of anti-skid in advance, slow down and keep a safe distance, do not overspeed, overload or overload, and it is strictly forbidden to drive without a license and fatigue.

Traffic flow prediction

HAPPY NEW YEAR

1. The traffic congestion pressure in the business circle will increase. At present, the theme activities of major supermarkets and entertainment venues for New Year’s Day are being vigorously carried out, and shopping, catering, entertainment and other activities are further increased during the holiday period. During the lunch and evening meals, there will be a phenomenon of slow traffic around some business districts.

2. The risk of rural road traffic safety has increased. During the New Year’s Day, it is winter, and rural areas enter the winter break and leisure time. With the approach of the New Year’s Day, people’s activities of purchasing new year’s goods are increasing day by day, and the road markets of provincial highways and counties in some countries are more prosperous, so traffic accidents are prone to occur when vehicles pass through the relevant sections of the market.

Driving tips for New Year’s Day holiday

HAPPY NEW YEAR

1. During the New Year’s Day, please try to take public transport and take the vehicle at the regular passenger station. Do not intercept the vehicle outside the station or beside the expressway, and refuse to take illegally operated and overcrowded vehicles.

2. Please pay close attention to the traffic information and traffic safety tips, understand the road conditions, easy-to-block sections and bypass routes along the way, plan the travel time and routes in advance, and try to avoid the travel peak. In case of heavy road traffic and traffic congestion, please wait patiently and queue up in turn.

3. Fatigue driving will lead to poor judgment and slow response, and increase the risk of operational errors. Please arrange the rest time reasonably to ensure adequate sleep, drive continuously for no more than 4 hours, and stop for no less than 20 minutes. If you feel sleepy and in poor condition, please choose a safe place to stop and rest.

4. When you return to your hometown on New Year’s Day, your family will be reunited and you should drink moderately. Drinking alcohol leads to slow response and slow action, and the driver’s ability to control the vehicle decreases. For the safety of you and others, don’t drink and drive!

5. When the vehicle has a minor property traffic accident, please move the vehicle to the side of the road after taking photos to fix the evidence, set a warning sign 150 meters away from the incoming direction, turn on the danger warning light, and call the police in time. Drivers and passengers should leave the vehicle and the road to avoid secondary accidents.

Original title: "Important reminder │ related to New Year’s Day travel! 》

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Liberation of Yixian： The First Shot of Liaoshen Campaign





　　In the spring of 1948, under the strong offensive of our army, the Kuomintang troops in Northeast China retreated to three isolated areas: Changchun, Shenyang and Jinzhou. On September 20th of the same year, the Third Column, the Fifth Division of the Second Column and the First Division of the Artillery Corps of the Northeast People’s Liberation Army quickly and covertly attacked Yixian from Liaoyuan, Dongfeng and Siping areas, unexpectedly compressed and surrounded more than 12,000 enemy troops on the defensive, including the 20th Division of the Kuomintang 93rd Army, local teams and landlord armed forces, and cut off their retreat to Jinzhou, thus opening the prelude to the Liaoshen campaign. Recently, the reporter interviewed several veterans who participated in the first shot of this magnificent war.


　　There is only one goal for the army and the people.


　　Yixiang County is the hub leading to the railway intersection of Jinzhou, Chengde and Shenyang. Nearly 6 square kilometers of the county seat has an ancient city wall with a height of 10 meters and a width of 3.5 meters. There is a moat with a width of 4 meters and a depth of 22 meters outside the wall. Since ancient times, it has been the throat of entering and leaving the customs, and it is a battleground for military strategists.


　　At that time, Liu Yongzhi was the operational staff of the Northeast People’s Liberation Army (later served as the head of a artillery regiment stationed in Jinzhou). Although he is now an octogenarian, he still remembers the experience at that time. He said that the provisional 20th Division of the 93rd Army of the Kuomintang (KMT) defending the enemy in Yixian was a semi-American mechanical equipment unit trained by an American advisory group, with a total strength of more than 7,000 people, three quarters of whom were veterans, and had never been hit hard in the past. Major General Wang Shigao and Deputy Major General Runzhen Han are quite conceited about their troops. In addition, there are more than 5,000 local teams and landlords in the city. The enemy troops on the defensive are not only strong in Ma Zhuang, with excellent weapons and sufficient ammunition, but also build a large number of light machine gun positions with single bunkers on the periphery of Chengguan, build bunker groups and minefields by using independent villages and cemeteries on the periphery, transform Chengguan buildings into hidden castles, set up a large number of barbed wire, plum blossom piles, tripping ropes, etc., and dig out moats with a depth of 3 meters and a large number of light and dark shelters based on the ancient city wall, forming a vast and deep three-dimensional defense.


　　After the Northeast People’s Liberation Army completed the siege of Yixian with superior forces, in order to find out the enemy’s defense situation, it sent a small number of troops to spy on the enemy’s troops, weapons and deployment. At the same time, various departments of our army launched a powerful political offensive against the enemy on the defensive, such as shouting, distributing leaflets and sending publicity materials through various channels. "Luo Youkun, the platoon leader of the 6th Company and 3rd platoon of the 2nd Battalion, 1st Battalion on the defensive, is a young man with a sense of justice. He is extremely dissatisfied with the Kuomintang army’s rampage and oppression of the people in the county town. After carefully reading the propaganda materials of our army, he secretly got in touch with our army in the frontier position. Just a few days before the siege, he led the infantry platoon and the heavy machine gun platoon to surrender, and our army took over his position, which provided convenient conditions for liberating the county town." Liu Yongzhi said.


　　According to the information we have, our generals have made a comprehensive analysis of the war situation. Everyone agrees that there is a natural barrier of Daling River in the northwest, and the terrain in the northeast is too narrow to deploy troops. The terrain in the south of the city is open and blocked by a moat, but the terrain in the southwest is high, which is easy to observe. Although the southwest is the defense area with the strongest defensive firepower, our army can rely on the railway subgrade as a position, exert the powerful power of various artillery, and hit the defensive enemy with lightning speed. So, on September 26th, the generals decided to strengthen pre-war training and preparation while besieging and harassing the enemy on the defensive. On October 1st, they concentrated their fire on breaking through the enemy’s defense from the southwest of the city!


　　At this time, Comrade Mao Zedong issued the "Operational Policy on Liaoshen Campaign" by electrifying the whole army, which greatly boosted the morale of the commanders and fighters. While carrying out actual combat drills in specific division of labor, various units began to dig trenches one after another. The 2nd vertical and 5th divisions dug all the way from the east of Songjiatun in the west of the city to the Yugoslav capital, with a total length of more than 7,300 meters. The 3rd vertical and 8th divisions and the 9th divisions dug all the way from the enemy’s southernmost bunker group to the wall, which provided a reliable guarantee for the troops to transfer, contact and break through in combat.


　　In the pre-war preparations, the people also took active actions. In the PLA station, people steamed dry food and sent military shoes everywhere. Ma Zhancai, an old veteran of Liulonggou Township in Yixian who participated in this campaign, recalled: "At that time, more than 3,000 peasant children signed up to join the army in five days in four mountainous areas in the west of Yixian, and a new corps was formed, which could be added to the army at any time. Liulonggou donated 1.2 million Jin of rations overnight, and organized more than 3,000 stretchers to be transported with the army. Li Jingxin and other poor people in the south of the city actively took the initiative to be guides and draw maps for the siege troops … "The deep affection of the military and civilians, fish and water, flooded the land filled with smoke, and the military and civilians were united in one mind, with only one goal: to liberate Yi County and capture Wang Shigao alive!


　　Nearly 100 officers and men were left with only 17 people, and the "steel company" was born.


　　After the enemy on the defensive was surrounded, Wang Shigao, the enemy commander, was like a cat on hot bricks, and he was in a state of panic. He repeatedly asked his boss in Jinzhou for reinforcements. On September 24th, Fan Hanjie, the leader of enemy troops on the defensive in Jinzhou and the deputy commander of the Kuomintang Northeast "Suppression General", mobilized more than 4,000 troops of the 93rd Army to help Yixian in the north, only to find that he was surrounded and annihilated by my 8th and 9th columns near Qilihe River, and the surviving remnants fled back to Jinzhou.


　　Jinzhou had no choice but to send planes to bomb Yixian every day to cheer for the enemy. However, according to the command of the headquarters, our army sent a large number of small units to use the trench as a cover to attack enemy strongholds and bunkers day and night, scaring the enemy not to light up or sleep, and shooting at random at the slightest sign of trouble. Before the siege of our army started, the defensive troops were exhausted and the ammunition was running out.


　　Yang Haitian, then the platoon leader and later the division commander of a certain department in shenyang military area command, recalled: "At 10 o’clock on the 28th, Fan Hanjie sent eight planes to airdrop ammunition for defending the enemy in Yixian, which was severely bombarded by our anti-aircraft artillery group. The planes did not dare to fly low, but only threw it blindly at high altitude. Most of the ammunition fell on our positions and few floated into the city."


　　The "generosity" of the "Transport Battalion Chief" and the enemy’s defensive forces gave us all the support, which further inspired the morale of our army. The enemy’s peripheral positions were recovered inch by inch by our army, and Yixiang County was like an island, which was just around the corner. According to the general attack plan, our army must clear all the defensive positions on the periphery on the 29th and 30th. On the morning of 29th, a gap was opened in the main position south of the city by our army. A battalion commander on the defensive was killed, and the enemy was even more flustered, and it was a mess up and down …


　　At the same time, our army’s battle to conquer the outlying strongholds is going on fiercely. Wujiaxiao Temple is an important stronghold of the enemy’s western Yugoslav capital. Here, there is a reinforced battalion for defending the enemy, equipped with heavy firepower such as heavy machine guns and 60 guns, and five big bunkers, 21 small bunkers and four shelters have been built in Fiona Fang, 50 meters away from the stronghold, which are connected by criss-crossing traffic trenches, and there are back channels leading to the city.


　　The task of conquering and sticking to this strongest fortress fell on the shoulders of the officers and men of the 14 th regiment and the 10 th company of the second column of our army. This heroic company, which was awarded the title of "invincible", all the commanders and fighters were ready to go. Wang Qiang, an old veteran of Jinzhou who participated in this battle, recalled: "On the afternoon of September 30, under the cover of our army’s artillery fire, the 10th company’s blasting group blew up eight enemy bunkers in succession and controlled a large section of the wall in the southwest corner of the city. However, the enemy in the southeast corner of the bunker violently counterattacked our army, and the roaring artillery fire made people unable to look up. The deputy company commander immediately ordered Zhang Zuopei, a second class soldier and an expert in blasting, to’ blow it up!’" Zhang Zuopei, with two explosive barrels, rolled a few on the spot, detoured to the right side of the bunker’s fire port, and sounded the explosive barrel … The smoke that blew up the bunker had not been cleared, and the enemy suddenly began shelling. I lost more than half of my ten officers and soldiers, and all the platoon cadres died. In the case of losing the command of the platoon leader, the squad leader Wang Fengjiang bravely took responsibility and directed the soldiers to beat back the enemy’s six counterattacks with grenades and submachine guns. When the enemy came back for the seventh time, Wang Fengjiang and his comrades-in-arms had run out of bullets. At a critical moment, the cook Lao Gao climbed into the position with a box of 60 shells on his back. As soon as Wang Fengjiang saw it, he immediately opened the shell box, grabbed the shell and unscrewed the safety cap. He threw the shell at the enemy group, and his comrades-in-arms followed suit. The enemy left a body and fled back to the county seat. "In this battle, I even nearly 100 officers and men, only 17 people. After the war, eight people, including Wang Fengjiang, were each credited with great achievements, and the tenth company was named "Steel Company" by the column.


　　At the same time, our army’s attack on the outlying strongholds such as Nanguan, Dongguan and the railway station has also been quite fierce. In the battle against the railway station, Wang Shigao, the enemy commander, personally supervised the battle, but the stubborn enemy defenders failed to escape the fate of failure. In just over two hours, our army wiped out more than 400 people on the defensive at the station and killed the chief of staff of the first defensive regiment.


　　On the 30th, the fierce battle to wipe out the peripheral enemy troops on the defensive lasted more than 4 hours and ended successfully. Enemy at the Gates, an army of all stripes, has become a turtle on the defensive.


　　At 11 o’clock this evening, the enemy commander Wang Shigao called a meeting of all officers at or above the regimental level, and finally decided to lead the remnants to break through in the Chaoyang direction after dark on October 1, then turned to Suizhong and Xingcheng, and then moved closer to Jinzhou …


　　After more than five hours of fierce fighting, the ancient city of Yixian was conquered.


　　On the morning of October 1, 1948, in the general headquarters of the Northeast People’s Liberation Army on the mound south of Yixian County, the artillery commander Zhu Rui, the commander of the third column Han Xianchu and the political commissar of the column Luo Shunchu all waited quietly for the arrival of the general attack.


　　Liu Yongzhi, then the staff officer of the three vertical operations, recalled that at 9 o’clock sharp, Han Xianchu raised his telescope and observed the uneven ground for a while, took out his pocket watch and turned his head to say to Zhu Rui, "Time is up." At Zhu Rui’s command, cannons of various calibers roared, and 100,000 rounds of artillery shells exploded in enemy positions, fortifications, artillery towers and city walls with revenge anger. In an instant, the city wall in the southwest of the city was "torn" to open a gap more than 40 meters wide. General Zhu Rui was very excited to see this scene in the telescope and ordered the artillery to extend and shoot. At this time, the troops ambushing in the west, south and east of the city stormed the city like tigers coming down the mountain. With the cover of the corner, streets and planes, the enemy concentrated all their firepower and fought fiercely with the enemy. The eighth company of the ninth division and the seventh company of the fifth division, in order for the troops to pass through the moat smoothly, the second class of the eighth company took the initiative to undertake the task of bridging the bridge. When the bridge was just about to be completed several times, it was destroyed by the enemy, but the soldiers became more and more brave and did not flinch. The soldier Wu Xi Road was shot 13 times, and he still insisted on fighting and loudly encouraged his comrades. The soldier Liu Manchang was shot in the abdomen and his small intestine was exposed. He still threw the last Grenade in his hand at the enemy group. Xie Laitang, a soldier, was stabbed by the enemy when climbing the city. He grabbed the bloody bayonet and climbed the city wall, and put a red flag on the top of the city … In the east of the city, the soldiers of the first battalion of our army went straight to the Hujia compound where the enemy’s third regiment command post was stationed, and beat back the enemy armored vehicles several times.


　　At 12 noon, our army attacked the vicinity of the Bell and Drum Tower, and was resisted by more than 200 remnants of the enemy’s division command post. Zhang Feng, head of the 13th regiment of the Fifth Division (later commander of Lanzhou Military Region), ordered the Fourth Company and the Sixth Company to detour from both sides. The two companies threw smoke bombs and grenades into the courtyard of the enemy command post to blast the courtyard wall, and the soldiers rushed into the hospital at the same time, all of them annihilated the enemy.


　　However, among more than 1,000 prisoners of war, Wang Shigao, the enemy commander, was not seen. Zhang Tuanchang ordered the search. Finally, Wang Shigao and Runzhen Han, the deputy commander, were taken out of a hidden bomb shelter by five soldiers. Wang Shigao, who has always been arrogant and arrogant, was unkempt, dusty and disheartened …


　　At about 1: 30 pm, after fierce street fighting and hand-to-hand combat, our army captured the enemy county government, the last stronghold in the city. After more than five hours of fierce fighting, the whole battle in Yixian County finally ended successfully.


　　In the tough battle in Yixian, more than 1,100 warriors of our army left their lives on this land forever. General Zhu Rui was one of the generals who died in this battle. He was the highest-ranking general of our army who died in the war of liberation.


　　Liu Yongzhi recalled: "On October 1, the general attack on Yixian began. General Zhu Rui was very excited to see that the artillery he had created was playing so well in this tough battle. He said to commander Han Xianchu and political commissar Luo Shunchu,’ I’ll go to the front and have a look.’ Korea’s commander, luo commissar with one voice don’t let go. Zhu Rui said:’ I want to see how thick the city wall is, how many shells can be used to blast it, how to beat this ancient city wall better, and how many problems still exist at the impact point.’ The two leaders reluctantly acquiesced, but repeatedly told to pay attention to safety. When other generals of the artillery headquarters saw that Commander Zhu was going to the front, they all followed him. At this time, most of the siege troops entered the city, and the street fighting was in full swing. They came out from the headquarters and walked along a ditch. At this time, there was a remnant enemy shooting at them at the Laoye Temple in Nanguan. To prevent accidents, they went down to the bottom of the ditch and walked along both sides of the carriage road. General Zhu Rui unfortunately stepped on the mines buried by the enemy and died at the age of 43 … "

Editor: Li Yongchao

This decade, our film life ｜ ten years, movies have changed them.


Special feature of 1905 film network In this decade, from fireworks to prosperity in the world, movies have always been in our lives. This decade, the film is life, life is film, this decade, our film life.



"After all, life is short. It’s only a few decades. It’s impossible to see all countries and all parts of the world, but through movies, we have seen a bigger world and more lives. If there is no movie in life, I feel terrible. "



In the past ten years, filmmakers’ views on movies have gone from far to near. The biggest change that movies have brought to her is to unconsciously grasp the place where she can empathize as an actor in the future: "I think movies have made me more real and richer as a person." The feeling of my first filming was first of all, and secondly, I tried my best to take care of what was in front of me first, but I couldn’t think of the future. "



From the beginning, Lang Yueting’s acting career can be described as a newborn calf who is not afraid of tigers and dares to challenge: "For me, I think maybe I can only shoot this scene in my life, and then there will be no future development as an actor. I always think so."



This movie is a difficult one for Lang Yueting. She doesn’t know how to prepare the role and how to play it well. During that time, every day in her mind, she thought about what the character’s childhood was like and how she came over as a teenager. Such brainstorming made her sleep badly every day: "This is a particularly good help for me. In fact, Hongxia can’t sleep well every day, so she tries her best to be close to her state psychologically. I didn’t know that there was a word called biographies, but I was very pleased to know that I was really doing this. "



It is precisely because of the jitters and treading on thin ice in the first two plays that Lang Yueting was afraid to define the job as an actor for herself from the beginning, and later she could naturally introduce: Hello, everyone, I am an actor Lang Yueting. But it didn’t take long for the film to make her so worried again that she didn’t know how to start, because she had never played a real story. In the past, she could make the fictional character close to herself or find something in common with the character, but in reality, she couldn’t find something in common with Huang Wenxiu: "After the role was played, I recorded a program in which I talked about a lot of knowledge about planting kiwifruit and picking sugar oranges. This is something I really knew. Huang Wenxiu had to find out at that time because he wanted to develop a rich industry for the village."



Wang Ying, a veteran movie fan, has been married in Beijing for almost fifty years. When her family first moved here, the reputation of the China Film Archive was not as loud as it is now. Occasionally, acquaintances and friends sent tickets to her, so she would go and have a look. Wang Ying’s children are engaged in the mobile communication industry, and they will urge Wang Ying and his wife to learn smart phones, so as not to be eliminated by history. When Wang Ying went to the China Film Archive to buy tickets in the previous way, the movie tickets for classic films had been robbed by fans online. She could only queue up at the window for two hours and buy two movie tickets: "I thought, no, I have to learn smart phones. Later, I began to learn how to grab tickets online. I saw it a few days ago and bought a Huimin ticket for ten yuan. I didn’t expect the effect to be so good. "



As a policeman, Wang Ying felt heartfelt admiration for the actors when she watched "Fight Against the Black", and their interpretation of the police made her feel good after reading it. Besides watching movies on the spot, Wang Ying has also experienced the Cloud Cinema. She can enjoy watching movies at home with a little finger flick, but she is a bit nostalgic and prefers to go to the cinema to enjoy her favorite movies. Wang Ying went to the cinema to support her favorite movies, while her lover silently supported her hobbies behind her back. When watching movies in Wang Ying, the dog ball at home was taken care of by her lover, and cooking became his job. Living in such an environment with love and a big screen, when Wang Ying was chatting with his neighbors, the topic could not be separated from movies.



随着这些年的飞速发展，附近的设施越来越现代化，王颖非常喜欢中国电影资料馆的音响效果，她每次都会买同一个位置，在影院的最角落里，每坐一个小时，她可以出去歇一会儿，角落里的位置进出方便，也不会影响到他人观影。作为一名影迷，王颖将自己对于电影的爱意贯彻到了方方面面，也因为这份爱，她不断随着社会发展而学习、充实自己。电影丰富了王颖的生活，陪伴她与各个创作者们对话。



对于大银幕内外的王颖与郎月婷，电影都是一件她们热爱、奋斗过的事物。这十年来，电影让中国的观众又哭又笑，在不知不觉中，电影早已与我们的生活融为一体了。感谢遇见电影，能在有限的生命中拓宽了我们生命的宽度；感恩电影，带给我们生活如此多的奇妙与温馨。


China and the world have changed each other since China’s entry into WTO 15 years ago.

　　CCTV News:Today is the 15th anniversary of China’s accession to the WTO. In the past 15 years, what impact has China’s entry into WTO brought to China’s economic development? What does China’s entry mean to the world economic and trade system?

　　On November 11th, 2001, in Doha, Qatar, Shi Guangsheng, then Minister of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation of China, signed on behalf of the China government at the ceremony of China’s accession to the WTO.

　　Great changes have taken place in China itself and even in the world since its entry into WTO 15 years ago.

　　Looking back on the past 15 years, China has made great progress in economic development, system construction and participation in international governance, but at the same time, it also needs to face up to the problems such as the increase of trade friction caused by changes in external environment.

　　First of all, by joining the WTO and connecting with the world, China’s economy will grow under the global competition.

　　On the eve of China’s entry into WTO, China is the sixth largest economy in the world. Now, China has become the world’s second largest economy, the largest trader of goods, and the second largest foreign investor, with a per capita GDP of nearly 8,000 US dollars. This series of achievements can directly prove China’s great progress since its entry into WTO.

　　Entering WTO is an important step for China to integrate into the world market, which is conducive to attracting foreign investment, promoting exports and promoting economic development. Therefore, the membership of WTO is called the stabilizer and accelerometer of China’s economic take-off. In the process of China becoming the world’s factory, China enterprises have also learned to better coordinate the domestic and international situations, make better use of the two markets and resources, and enhance new development momentum, add new impetus to reform and create new competitive advantages in the opening up.

　　Secondly, after China’s entry into WTO, the development of China has benefited the whole world and achieved a win-win situation.

　　After China’s entry into WTO, China has not only realized its own development, but also brought more development opportunities to the world. Lamy, former Director-General of WTO, once commented that China’s entry into WTO has brought great changes to world trade, and many countries have also gained a lot with China. For example, US exports to China increased from $19 billion in 2001 to $116.1 billion in 2015; The trade volume between China and Africa increased from 10.8 billion US dollars in 2001 to 179 billion US dollars in 2015.

　　Since China’s entry into WTO, China has been unswervingly opening wider to the outside world and striving for mutual benefit and win-win results. By implementing a firm opening-up strategy and constantly creating a more comprehensive, deeper and more diversified opening-up pattern, China’s total import in 2015 reached US$ 1.68 trillion, creating tens of millions of jobs for its trading partners. At the same time, China’s inexpensive goods have also brought great benefits to foreign consumers. It is worth mentioning that at present, China’s contribution rate to world economic growth is more than one quarter, and it has been the biggest engine of global economic growth for many years.

　　Third, with the gradual deepening of economic and trade ties with the world, China no longer passively accepts the international economic and trade framework, but begins to actively participate in the formulation of rules.

　　Since China’s entry into WTO, the economic and trade interaction between China and the outside world has continued to deepen. At first, China could only passively adapt to the terms of international trade. Today, China’s position in world trade has been on a par with that of the United States and Europe. Especially after the financial crisis in 2008, China has made the greatest contribution to global economic growth, which also highlights the importance of China in the global trade pattern. China has begun to actively promote the construction of a more just and reasonable international order, including trade order.

　　China is a participant, contributor and builder in the world trade system. The construction of the "the belt and road initiative" initiative is the "China Program" to promote global development cooperation. This program does not replace the existing cooperation mechanism, does not challenge the existing international economic system, and is a useful supplement and improvement to the existing international mechanism. The goal is to achieve common development and is committed to promoting countries to expand mutual market opening and trade and investment facilitation.

　　The global trade environment has changed, and challenges and opportunities coexist.

　　On the other hand, we should also see that the international trade environment has changed a lot in the past 15 years. The deep-seated impact of the international financial crisis still exists for a long time, and the external environment is unstable and uncertain, which leads to the weak growth of global economy and trade.

　　In the first five years of China’s accession to the WTO, the growth rate of global trade was about 1.8 times that of the world economy, but now the growth rate of global trade has been lower than that of the world economy for four consecutive years. Economic globalization has experienced twists and turns, protectionism and inward-looking tendencies have risen, and the multilateral trading system has been hit. This situation poses a new challenge to China’s foreign economic ties. To cope with this situation, China should take the lead in building an open world economy and continue to promote trade and investment liberalization and facilitation.

　　完成产业升级 迎接新的挑战

　　全球治理体系在发生着深刻的变革，新技术的发展也在重塑全球贸易的格局。“互联网+”向服务业和制造业全面渗透，新产业、新业态、新商业模式不断涌现，全球产业链、价值链、供应链加速整合，这使得国际产业分工和竞争格局正在发生深刻变化。比如，制造业从发达国家向发展中国家的转移放缓，新兴经济体单纯依靠低劳动力成本优势发展加工型贸易从而完成产业升级的路越走越窄。当前主要大国都在重塑竞争新优势，中国也需要完成产业升级，在未来的国家贸易体系中占据有利地位。

　　国家主席习近平上个月在APEC工商领导人峰会上提到：“经济全球化符合经济规律，符合各方利益。同时，经济全球化是一把双刃剑，既为全球发展提供强劲动能，也带来一些新情况新挑战，需要认真面对。”在入世15年的时候，对以往做总结，无疑可以让中国在未来更好地适应经济全球化，参与经济全球化，塑造经济全球化。

　　文丨央视评论特约撰稿 王亚宏