标签归档：西安耍耍

Watching Klaus： The Secret of Christmas before Christmas, there is not only expectation, but also ＂expectation＂.

Text | Wang Zhongyang lp, Xiao Tong

It should be said that the excavation of various themes by Europeans and Americans (to be precise, Americans) is still relatively textured in film and television. No matter whether it is scary folk customs or ancient myths, even if it is presented in the form of cartoons, it can be used to tell quite interesting stories with the lens of "all ages".

Among them, the most widely known ones in China are Monster Hostel and How to Train Your Dragon. The former brings together all kinds of "black myth bosses" from Western Europe to Slavic and Egyptian, while the latter sublimates tenderness in the rough and heroic Nordic Viking.

These days, the Christmas atmosphere has gradually become rich. Although I don’t know what new animation surprises there are this Christmas, I can at least recommend a wonderful masterpiece about whether Santa Claus is a pyramid scheme or a leek man under KPI three years ago-Klaus: The Secret of Christmas.

This cartoon is "wonderful" because on the one hand, you have to marvel at the deep imagination of foreigners after watching it, and it can give a "simple New Year mascot" a brand-new soul and story; On the other hand, after watching for a long time lost in thought:

Imagination can really change the world.

one

Selflessness and encouragement make you happy.

First of all, if I say that Santa Claus gives gifts to children every year, it is actually just a "pyramid scheme" set up by a "rich second generation" postman for KPI, it is estimated that many people will say "this is too outrageous", but in Klaus: The Secret of Christmas, it tells the audience a unique version:

Jasper, a rich second generation, was originally ignorant, idled all day and lived a luxurious life. His father paid him to send him to the Royal Postal College to train the postman and turned out to be the worst student in the hospital. So his father told him to go to Smith Rensburg (a very remote island) as a postman, and he had to send 6,000 letters a year to come back, otherwise he would not be able to get the inheritance right. However, when I got to the local area, Jasper discovered that this island was like hell-

People here are divided into two factions, one is the krum family, and the other is the Elimbo family. Due to historical reasons, they are full of hatred for each other and fight whenever they meet. From adults to children, they are organized, disciplined and have family traditions, and no one can shake them.

By setting traps, stabbing and plotting against each other, and the human feelings here are indifferent, there is no communication between them, only fighting, not to mention writing letters, which is so literary and warm. None of the previous postmen can survive in such an inhuman environment. At first, he was full of confidence, but he was repeatedly frustrated.

Just as Jasper was about to give up his job as a postman, he found Klaus, a mysterious old man who lived on the top of the island. Klaus was a carpenter.

The whole person looks "weird and cruel". After his wife died, he lived alone in a hut full of handmade toys. The two teamed up to give toys to the children on the island, provided that the children wrote to Klaus to express their wishes.

Since then, the secret of "You can get a gift as long as Jasper helps you mail a letter" has spread among the children … So, this incredible friendship has brought the island back to life, and the indifference and estrangement between people has been broken. Jasper also officially started the endeavor journey of hitting KPI with Klaus’ gift and returning to the peak of constantly chauffeured as soon as possible.

Later, there were more and more rumors about Klaus:

"Klaus will leave gifts in socks hanging on the fireplace!" "Klaus likes cookies!" "Klaus will come in through the chimney!" "Klaus flew over the roofs of thousands of families in the moonlight in a sleigh pulled by reindeer!" ……

The picture extends out of the camera, and a gentle and beautiful story comes to an end.

I am convinced that westerners engage in the theme of "redemption", even in cartoons. Klaus: The Secret of Christmas mainly has two aspects of "redemption", one is the hero’s soul redemption in doing a good job, and the other is the local people’s reflection and redemption in silent resolution.

As for the sublimation level of the theme, it is even more "universal". In friendship, love and affection, it promotes the spirit of "giving a rose, leaving a lingering fragrance in your hand"-

] a true act of good will always sparks another’s most selfless dedication is the most inspiring.

two

Refinement and sublimation are warm enough.

Klaus: The Secret of Christmas is such a family fun "warm cookies". The beauty of the film is that in the first half of the film, a particularly sad and chilling island is created by means of horror and suspense, and it is perfectly changed by inspiration and redemption in the feelings of "the more depraved it is, the more it is worth saving" in European and American cultures.

In addition, the relationship between the two factions on the island seems to be more worthy of the audience’s deep thinking-

Feud, hostility, refusal to communicate.

I firmly believe that this relationship is a kind of national contradiction and racial conflict that the creator deliberately implies and can map the real world, such as wars and prejudices around the world and hatred that seems to never coexist.

But on the island in the story, it doesn’t seem so "serious". At most, only the children can’t go to school, or are under house arrest or lack of care. Until the arrival of the protagonist Jasper changed all this. With the spread of love and care, the whole village has also undergone great changes … All people are inspired to practice the concept of "the most selfless dedication, the most inspiring" and bring happiness to others:

Because of Jasper’s dedication, Alva finally realized his dream of starting a school;

Because of Alva’s dedication, local children have the opportunity to read and read;

Because of Klaus’ dedication, children’s childhood has expectations and more joy;

It is also because of the dedication of the children that the adults began to become friendly, and then the residents of the whole island began to give up the struggle and live in harmony, making the indifference between people a thing of the past forever.

In the process of this happiness transmission, everyone is gradually changing in a good direction. As for the "reverse force", the most obvious thing is Jasper himself-

From a selfish and unmotivated constantly chauffeured man at the beginning, he has gradually become a caring and responsible person who makes his father proud.

Speaking of which, I don’t know if anyone has found one thing. In the seemingly mythical "Origin" story, there is actually no magic, elves and luxurious palaces throughout, but only ordinary people just like you and me.

The most obvious thing is that the well-known "The Birth of Santa Claus" is based on the secular feelings carefully arranged by the creator. Therefore, this animation not only got a high score of 8.3 on IMDb, but also got 7 nominations for the Annie Award, which is known as the animation Oscar.

three

Intention and logic are innovation.

The whole film is highly completed, well-made, and the story is warm, simple and pure. There is no metaphor for eggs or anything to pay tribute to. You may guess the ending and the fate of the characters, but there is nothing new in the story.

Lovely painting style, plain healing story, rich characters and their own characteristics. Meet the yearning of some audiences with girlish hearts for fairy tales. Realistic fairy tales are created by kind people, not illusory "magic".

At this point, my thoughts return to the comparison between "theme" and "material" at the beginning of this article. I am glad to find that we are not bad. At least so far, we have begun to explore the doorway and have some good signs for the refinement and sublimation of the theme.

Monkey King Reborn, another domestic animation I revisited a few days ago, saw another side of it while netizens commented on "excessive consumption":

The mythical characters are humanized, the animation style is vivid, the creative thinking is open and the theme is sublimated. Although the fourth "sublimation" has also been shown in some domestic animations in the past, such as "My life is not determined by the sky" in "The Magic Boy" and "Modern Human Context" in "Steampunk" in "The Legend of the White Snake 2", these are worthy of study and discussion by people in the industry. At least the domestic animation creators are aware of one thing:

If you don’t fool the audience, you must take the initiative to "evolve".

Especially in today’s increasingly integrated Eastern and Western cultures, if we want to carry forward the national culture and get real praise and recognition, we must learn to dig deep into some contents outside the original theme, or the common feelings of human beings or the feelings that are connected with each other.

As for the audience’s world, it is not so complicated. At least tell a vivid story about the origin of Santa Claus "Claudie", so that people who grow up are still full of childlike innocence; It is not a difficult thing to fully display the beautiful elements such as friendship, faith, companionship, growth and love.

Thanks to this movie, Christmas and Santa Claus have been given a better meaning.

I still want to thank this movie, which may make more people think about an already existing fact:

Imagination can really change the world.

?

The film ＂Golden Finger＂ released the actor’s special feature Tony Leung Chiu Wai Andy Lau’s ＂Another Masterpiece in Performance＂ and scanned the code to read the mobile version.

　　The film Goldfinger released a special feature of "High-end Bureau" actors today. Tony Leung Chiu Wai and Andy Lau have cooperated again after 20 years, and the "old partner" is still full of tacit understanding. Tony Leung Chiu Wai bluntly said that "Hua Tsai is very professional and experienced", and Andy Lau said with confidence: "I think this work is quite mature." After the opening of the pre-sale, many fans bought tickets for the first time to lock the lucky seats of "getting rich for the New Year", thinking that the "pure gold" top lineup led by the double-film emperor was enough to worth the fare.

　　The film Goldfinger is written and directed by Zhuang Wenqiang, supervised by Huang Bin, starring Tony Leung Chiu Wai, Andy Lau and Charlene Choi, starring Yam Tat-wah, Fang Zhongxin, Chen Jiale, Bai Zhi, Jiang Haowen, Taibao and Qian Jiale, and starring Yuan Yongyi in friendship. It will be rich on December 30th, and the pre-sale is in full swing.

　　Tony Leung Chiu Wai and Andy Lau reunited after a long separation, and the tacit understanding of cooperation remained the same after 20 years.

　　From Falcon for the first time to Infernal Affairs, which has been popular so far, after many years’ absence, Tony Leung Chiu Wai and Andy Lau, who are both kings in performing arts, finally co-starred in the film Goldfinger, once again bringing the audience the feeling of reunion for a long time. In the "High-end Bureau" actor special released this time, Tony Leung Chiu Wai and Andy Lau are not unfamiliar when they play the opposite play. No matter what emotional state the other person throws, the other person can accurately receive and perfectly cooperate with the performance. Director and screenwriter Zhuang Wenqiang couldn’t help smiling when he recalled the shooting scene: "They have been talking about things when they were actors." Tony Leung Chiu Wai called Andy Lau a "very professional and experienced opponent". When talking about this cooperation, Andy Lau also said: "I think this is a very mature performance, and it is another masterpiece based on Infernal Affairs." As producer Huang Bin said: "Their tacit understanding is actually very consistent, so we call it chemical action."

　　In addition, the film Golden Finger also gathered the golden cast of Charlene Choi, Yam Tat-wah, Fang Zhongxin, Chen Jiale, Bai Zhi, Jiang Haowen, Taibao, Qian Jiale and Anita Yuen, and joined this extravagant and rich money puzzle. Because the actors are old friends who have worked together many times, the shooting atmosphere is intimate and natural. Charlene Choi, who partnered with Andy Lau when she was a girl, had a new feeling and experience when she faced the re-cooperation between them in the movie Goldfinger after growing up. Andy Lau laughed and said: "She has never changed, and she feels so careless every day." Yam Tat-wah and Fang Zhongxin, the old actors, were both infected by the cheerful atmosphere at the scene: "We talked and laughed, and everyone cooperated quite happily."

　　Two generations of actors collide with fresh sparks, full of expectations, dare to break and stand up, and create a luxury blockbuster.

　　In the film Goldfinger, there are not only the well-known performances of the audience, but also many powerful young actors who contribute to the film. Chen Jiale, a young actor from Chen Jiale who plays opposite Tony Leung Chiu Wai and Andy Lau, also frankly feels very lucky: "They are very good, chatting with our younger generation and giving us confidence." Tony Leung Chiu Wai and Andy Lau also praised the professional level of the young actors, hoping to have a fresh spark in the film.

　　The film Golden Finger tells the story of Cheng Yiyan (Tony Leung Chiu Wai), a down-and-out young man, who made illegal money and power transactions by any means, and created Jiawen Group into a billionaire crocodile. Liu Qiyuan (Andy Lau), the senior investigation director, found the crime behind Cheng Yiyan and decided to put on record for investigation, but he didn’t expect the case to spread to the global financial market, so it took him fifteen years to pursue the case across the border. Many viewers have said that they will not miss the extravagant blockbuster of "getting rich" presented by the double-film emperor in the New Year’s Eve, and will meet their friends and go to the cinema to see the amazing truth of this sensational real case.

Things related to life： archaeology, food, and fireworks.

Fireworks in the bones of the documentary program "Things Related to Life" ep01

Tik Tok Life Service produced Figure jointly presented.

There are many key words about the commonness of China people, and "Food is the most important thing for the people" always ranks among the top. Even when we shout "Only food and love can live up to our expectations", "food" even precedes "love".

With the development of the times, shop-visiting people use the lens to show a variety of unique delicacies and lifestyles, soothe people’s hearts, and link foreign land and hometown, present and past, reality and dreams.

"Things Related to Life" was produced by Tik Tok Life Service and jointly presented by Figure. Liu Yiwei, a traditional media person, was invited to pay a return visit to explore the story of a shop-spotter who discovered shops and shopkeepers in a hidden corner of the city, and to show the influence and change of this new professional group on the life in the neighborhood.

Through the wonderful collision of the three, it brings out different life stories and shows the fireworks and warm blood in the world.

In the first episode, Liu Yiwei flashed Nanjing, the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties, looking for "Fireworks in the Bones".

"Lonely Gourmet" more suitable for China baby’s physique "

Who would have thought that, as a former food program "Top Stream", Liu Yiwei and this episode visited the protagonist and the food detective Bo advocated Liangren with a little formality at first sight.

As a "novice" who started publishing short videos in late July this year, Zhang Liangren’s appearance seems to have no connection with the words "gourmet shop": thin figure, gray temples, cap, black half-rimmed glasses and pedant style-if it must be described metaphorically, he is more like the director of the high school guidance office in the stereotype.

Zhang Liangren, 54 years old, is indeed a teacher by profession, and he is not an ordinary teacher. He is a professor and doctoral supervisor in the Department of Archaeology and Cultural Relics of the School of History of Nanjing University. He has been engaged in archaeological study and work for 36 years. He once presided over the excavation of the Heishui National Site in Zhangye, Gansu Province, and now he is presiding over the Sino-Russian and Sino-Iranian cooperative archaeological projects. "Together, the countries visited and excavated can circle the earth."

My previous working life was extremely simple, and Professor Zhang summed it up with these key words: "teaching", "research" and "students". Now, the personal signature he wrote for his short video account @ Professor Zhang Liangren reveals a kind of playfulness that keeps pace with the times: "A food blogger who can’t archaeology is not a good professor."

Professor Zhang said with a smile that he is not a foodie. "If I score between 1 and 10, I will give myself 6 points.". However, looking through his short video account, jinghua baozi stuffed bun, boiled chicken, crispy duck with mashed taro, glutinous rice eight-treasure duck, Dongpo meat, duck blood vermicelli, firewood wonton … just look at the title, and all kinds of delicious food will come to my face.

Click on the video, and you will find that "spiritual food" is also extremely rich: try a crispy duck with taro, which is extended to the court menu of Emperor Guangxu; Ordering a cage of soup buns, he can trace the long history of the steamer for nearly 7000 years; Picking up a mouthful of duck blood vermicelli soup, he "regrets" that vermicelli soup has a history of only a few decades, but the conversation turned to prove that "the tradition of eating waterfowl in Jiangsu began 2,500 years ago" with a can of duck eggs unearthed from the mound tomb in Jurong, Jiangsu …

A few years ago, the knowledge of unpopular history, combined with Professor Zhang’s "cooking techniques", became vivid, lovely and more pyrotechnic, and quickly became numerous among young people. It is no wonder that he can be called "Lonely Gourmet" by netizens.

"People are curious and want to know where they come from and where they are going, so everyone likes to go to museums, sites and cultural relics. Archaeology is not only a key to open the historical truth, but also an entrance to explore the development law of human society. Zhang Liangren said, "Through modern food, we can introduce the historical knowledge and archaeological knowledge behind various eating habits and tell what the audience doesn’t know. This is our advantage. Academic problems should be related to the concerns of ordinary people. We are rich in knowledge, but we can’t monopolize it. 」

In fact, a lot of "high-cold" knowledge is not cold, but it is the lack of connection with the general public that makes it "unattainable." Compared with monotonous words and complicated tables, with the help of short video images of life to spread knowledge and spread the seeds of knowledge in the most interesting way, the audience can finally satisfy their wish of "being educated in a generous home" in a lively and relaxed atmosphere through one screen.

The gold content of knowledge brings great flow.

Professor Zhang made no secret that the idea of making a short video was to spread knowledge to the public on the one hand, and the original intention was to "expand the popularity", let more people know the value of archaeology and support archaeological research in more ways.

He has thought of many ways, but they can’t really solve the problem. Until last year, Zhang Liangren accidentally turned to a monograph "Diet in China Culture" in the 1970s-the editor-in-chief of this book, Professor Zhang Guangzhi, is a famous archaeologist and anthropologist in China and also a mentor of Zhang Liangren’s mentor.

From the pre-Qin Dynasty to the Han, Tang, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, this book has made a panoramic display and interpretation of China’s food culture: how the characteristics of agricultural society affect the evolution of food in this land, and how Confucian moral concepts and social organization methods determine China people’s cooking and dining habits …

The origin of his legacy has opened a new world for Zhang Liangren: a thousand years can also be seen between a meal and a ladle of drink. Taking food as the starting point, he decided to try to make videos from the media.

"I know archaeology, but I don’t know new media. Writing papers is my job, but I’m not very good at writing scripts, so I’m looking for a professional video creation team to cooperate. Before shooting, the team will first step on the spot, choose the appropriate protagonist-food, and then look for information and write scripts. After the script is written, Professor Zhang will first review the professional historical knowledge involved, and then proceed with the shooting. Finally, the team will edit, modify and polish it later.

Although the image in the video is humorous and friendly, Zhang Liangren waves his hand and laughs at himself. He is an "old pedant". It is a big problem to introduce food to the camera at once.

"How long did you shoot for the first time? "Chat, Liu Yiwei asked curiously.

"The video we shot for the first time has not been sent yet. "Professor Zhang’s partner and head of the video team, Mr. Dai, said," It’s equivalent to a waste. 」

Professor Zhang Liangren visited the video shooting scene of the store.

"In a way, I shouldn’t make videos. Professor Zhang added, "I can’t speak in front of the camera, and my expression is very stiff. So I practiced Putonghua, enunciated words and practiced various skills … It took me two months to get used to it. 」

Nowadays, although he is still a little green and cramped, he can look straight into the camera, clearly tell the history behind the food, and even make some funny expressions and actions to interact with the audience off the screen. "I want to know the preferences of ordinary people, choose how to talk to them, and present the state in front of the camera. This is a huge change for me. Until now, I am still learning. 」

With his "unique skills", Zhang Liangren has gained 76,000 fans and 526,000 likes in just over four months after he entered the short video platform, which is also a minor celebrity in social media.

However, compared with the rapidly increasing traffic figures, what makes him more happy is that more and more questions related to archaeology and history are seen in messages or private letters, "more people are interested in our archaeology"; It is the video of exploring the store that really brings gain to the store.

"It is helpful to the growth of our store’s turnover and popularity. "The boss of the soup dumpling shop where Professor Zhang recorded the video of visiting the shop said in a mouthful of Nanjing Mandarin," After Professor Zhang came, the Internet publicity was too strong. Now is the age of young people, and it will be great if they forward it on their mobile phones. Moreover, the video can continue to spread and accumulate over time. 」

"Where did the fireworks gas come from? 」

"What are the criteria for choosing a topic? "Liu Yiwei has a new question.

The answer given by the team seems quite simple: combining with what Professor Zhang can say, it can be grafted with archaeology. "We hope that the spread of knowledge will sink a little and make knowledge more pyrotechnic."

For China people, delicious food is not only a thing to eat, but also has a soothing effect. "Sometimes, what we eat is not food, but a habit and a kind of homesickness. "Cai Lan once wrote in the article.

Many times, what we remember is a connection, a connection with our family. As a teenage customer in the aforementioned soup bag shop said, "My grandmother used to make soup bags, and since her death, she hasn’t eaten that kind of (taste) … it smells like home here. 」

"In the book, I often talk about the smoke curling up, and that’s fireworks. Professor Zhang added. Walking into the small shops in the city, the favorite places of ordinary people, and the places where they eat and drink in their daily lives, the fireworks are there, and "by the way, they are also responsible for eating it."

China has been an acquaintance society for thousands of years. Once, "We have neighbors, we have relatives and friends, and we walk around and associate with each other", Liu Yiwei lamented, "From the point of view of exploring shops, we want to eat a good food. In the past, we could only ask acquaintances for information, but now we just need to turn on our mobile phones and look at your acquaintances in social media".

When you are in the urban forest made of reinforced concrete, you are overwhelmed by trivial matters and anxious life. Fortunately, people like Professor Zhang Liangren, behind the screen, talk about celebrities, worldly affairs, customs and people’s livelihood with the calmness precipitated by thousands of years of history, and take you back to appreciate the daily beauty of "nearby" life and "pursue your own fireworks".

This is a special gift in the video age.

Documentary program "Things Related to Life", produced by Tik Tok Life Service and jointly presented by Figure, has been online since December 18th. From the perspective of Liu Yiwei, a senior food program host, it explores the story that Daren discovered shops and vendors in the hidden corner of the city, and shows the influence and change of this new professional group on "nearby" life. Three different life stories show the fireworks and warm blood in the world.

Director | Wan Xiaozhang

Write a manuscript | fresh in

Editor | Xu Jing

Produced by | ｜FigureVideo

－ END －

? Copyright Figure Studio

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Original title: Things Related to Life: Archaeology, Food and Fireworks.

Read the original text

A Book of the Day ｜ Women’s Thoughts

Women’s thoughts

Author: [Japan] Ueno Chizuko

Translator: Lu Weiwei

Version: Zhejiang University Press

September 2022

Recommended index:★★★★★Presenter: Qing Qingzi

In recent years, many works by Chihiro Ueno have been translated and published. During this period, there are two books, one is "Starting from Limit" and the other is "Women’s Thought" to be recommended today. Although the styles of the two books are different, after reading them, we will realize that both books are dialogues. The former is a dialogue between Ueno and Suzuki liang zi about their own confusion, while the latter is a dialogue between Ueno and her predecessors who influenced and forged her and their works.

The Thought of Women is divided into two parts. In the first part, the works of five Japanese female thinkers are selected, namely Morizaki Kazuji, Shimuli Daozi, Tanaka Zhongjin, Taeko Tomioka and Shuitian Zongzi. The second part introduces and guides five western thinkers who are more familiar to readers: michel foucault, edward said, Eve Kosovski Segivik, Joan wallach Scott and Judith Butler.

Among these thinkers, Ueno Chizuko has repeatedly expressed the important influence of Morizaki and Jiang on her. In the recommendation of Miss Tangxing written by Morizaki and Kawasaki published in June this year, Ueno once wrote: "I want to find a language that only belongs to women when women tell their experiences. What struck me was Morizaki’s words … How much influence did this man have on me? It is too difficult to estimate. " The same words also appeared in Women’s Mind: "I selected the books that I have read and gained strength from, which constitute my blood and flesh, and interpreted them … In other words, this book is my understanding and my’ creation’."

It is worth mentioning that in the dialogue between Ueno Chizuko and these thinkers, their influence on Japanese sociology, feminist/gender studies and women’s liberation movement was also introduced. Language and thought, of course, are not created out of thin air. Ueno took over the language and thought of her predecessors, and now we have taken over the book from her.

Author/Wang Qing

Editor/Li Yongbo Gong Zhaohua

Proofreading/Wang Xin

Six humorous stories ~ is there anything more tragic than this？ Netizen god replies ~ hahaha …

1. Someone sent Weibo: Yesterday, when I went to check in with my girlfriend for the first time, I met the police to make rounds. What could be more tragic? Netizen replied: Yes, the police asked your girlfriend in front of you why it was you every time.

2. I went to the pharmacy to buy medicine. When I saw an electronic scale at the door, I went up and weighed it to see if I had gained weight recently. But after I stood up, the lights on the shore didn’t light up and the numbers didn’t show … I suddenly became nervous. Am I already too overweight to be measured? At this time, there was a sentence in the room, "Girl, what are you doing stepping on our induction cooker?"

3, called a cleaner to clean the house, aunt to wear a shoe cover when entering the door. I quickly said: no, no, you can just step in! Aunt cleaning: no, I’m afraid I’ll get my shoes dirty …

4. I saw a fat girl walking slowly on the treadmill in the gym. I went to remind her:

"Sister, you have to hurry up, or you won’t get the effect of reducing fei. My sister replied with injustice, "I adjust it very quickly.

But it slowed down as soon as I stepped on it! "

5. At the age of 12 or 13, there was a lot of blood in the chair after class. I understood it at that time and didn’t panic at all. On the contrary, my classmates were very scared. I spent most of my time explaining to them what the physiological period is and why it bleeds until the teacher came and said to me, "Boys don’t have these things." I was rushed to the hospital.

6. During lunch, a female colleague of mine suddenly asked me with great concern: You should pay attention to your health.

I said: Why do you suddenly say this?

She said, because I think you seldom drink water.

I said, How do you know that I seldom drink water?

She said: Because you haven’t been to the toilet in the morning.

I asked strangely, how do you know?

She said solemnly, because you haven’t zipped your pants since morning … embarrassed …

Reconstruction of Local History in China Ancient History

Author: Lan Yong (Professor, School of History and Culture, Southwest University)

In ancient China, there were two kinds of history, one as science and the other as culture. The former is carried out under the basic norms of traditional history for the purpose of restoring objective history. As a culture, history mainly comes from cultural demands. Under the background of the principle of "big things are not empty, small things are not limited", we should enrich and reconstruct some historical details according to our own subjective imagination. In the history of China, the reconstruction of local history played a great role in the historical gestation of culture.

The concept of "reconstruction of local history"

The recording of historical documents is often a process of "historical reconstruction", and the author records history according to his own identification of historical facts and evaluation of its nature, which is itself a reconstruction of history. In the traditional period, historical research mainly focused on grand historical narrative, and the reconstruction content of the main narrative of traditional historical research was mostly the merits and demerits of emperors and generals far away from the bottom of society and the right and wrong of upper-level institutional policies, which appeared through the face of official history and official history books. Official history and official history books often only provide a grand historical narrative or historical space construction, without paying attention to the historical details of local China. Therefore, the study of local China needs to supplement and enrich the grand historical narrative and historical space construction in the local history. In this process, the local China not only supplements and enriches the main narrative with objective historical facts, but also often realizes this reconstruction by fiction and speculation. In other words, the "reconstruction" here is also a kind of "fiction" and "fabrication". This is the connotation of "reconstruction of local history" discussed in this paper.

The author finds that "reconstruction of local history" is the most important in the historical manufacturing process as a culture, and it often becomes a cultural event in local China. In 2019, the author first put forward the discourse of "reconstruction of local history" in the article "Elegance of place names or Miscall of place names —— Reflections on the evolution of the names of two pieces of river stones in Chongqing in history", and later, through the two articles "Reconstruction of China’s traditional local history from the perspective of Jinniu Road", "The phenomenon of sages everywhere in China history" and the reconstruction of traditional local history, Here, we can further analyze the types, paths, reasons and influences of China’s "reconstruction of local history" in history, which is not only the need of historical research cognition, but also the need of cognitive reality of "reconstruction of local history".

Types of "Reconstruction of Local History"

"Reconstruction of local history" can be divided into four types: reconstruction of deeds of former sages, refinement of historical events and systems, attachment of historical place names and repositioning of mountains and rivers.

The reconstruction of the deeds of former sages is often to refine the deeds of former sages in their native land or in their native land, especially through the evolution of "landscape manufacturing" and "regional generalization", so that details become an important part of local history. For example, there are many dishes named "Dongpo" and "Zhuge" and a lot of food stories about the stories and relics of the sages such as Dayu, Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu and Su Dongpo, which are not credible, but they exist as cultural history. Similarly, the story of Zhuge Liang preparing a post is a typical case of "landscape making" in the belief of the sages in the Tang and Song Dynasties. In the fourth year of Song Jiayou (1059), Su Dongpo and Huang Tingjian met in Sibo Township, Yibin, which is a typical case of "Guan Gong fighting Qin Qiong". There are similar cases in Guizhou. In history, there are many relics of Yelang Wang in Guizhou, but most of them are attached by later generations. For example, the Yelang King Town in Changshun County is actually a wasteland site in the Ming Dynasty, which is not directly related to Yelang King.

The refinement of historical events and systems is often reconstructed under the principle of "big things are not empty, small things are not limited". "No matter what the big events are, no matter what the small ones are" is the principle of historical novel creation, but it often becomes the principle of "reconstruction of local history". For example, regarding Zhuge Liang’s expedition to the south of China, The Romance of the Three Kingdoms reconstructs Meng Huo, the most famous Han Chinese in the south of China, and not only reshapes Meng Huo into a leader of ethnic minorities, but also makes the story of Meng Huo’s seven escapes and seven runs widely circulated among the people. Up to now, there are many Menghuo City and Menghuo Temple in Southwest China. During the Xianfeng period of Qing Dynasty, the uprisings of Li Yonghe and Lan Chaoding had a great influence on Sichuan, with many records in historical documents and vivid folk stories, but most of them lacked historical science. For example, it is said that after Li Yonghe arrived in Niuzhai from Tunshang, he immediately made an alliance by burning incense in Niuzhai and chose 10 concubines. This may not be true history, but many local people believe in it.

The attachment of historical place names is also an important part of the reconstruction of local history. In the history of China, place names not only have the basic function of orientation, but also have powerful cultural functions. Speculation in the textual research of place names often reflects traditional cultural demands. Looking at the naming hypothesis of Chongqing for 500 years, we can see that the process of "reconstruction of local history" continued until modern times. Imagination and speculation are often mixed with scientific history. Fictional local history not only appears in some traditional "rustic Confucianism", but also some literary and historical experts have become practitioners of speculation on the meaning of place names in "reconstruction of local history". For example, the elegant evolution of geographical names from Wugui Stone, Tortoise Stone to Fugui Stone, Marble Stone to Birthday Stone in history is also the result of the reconstruction of many local literati in past dynasties.

In the reconstruction of local history, the repositioning of mountains and rivers is also an important type. In ancient China, the cognition of geographical space was mostly a kind of "virtual space cognition", such as the positioning expression "How many miles is a certain mountain (river) in the north (east, west, north and south)" in the traditional geographical cognition of China. If the mountains and rivers do not have obvious and special humanistic and natural signs, it is often difficult for future generations and outsiders to re-use this positioning expression to accurately recognize specific geographical points. In the period of social unrest, there is often a "geographical name inheritance fault", which leads to more cognitive errors if there is no guidance from predecessors who can locate it, and many passes, mountains and post stations in the previous generation are relocated, but their previous positions are forgotten by history and cannot be found. The author calls this phenomenon of collective displacement of place names "geographical cognitive translocation", which can also be called "overall drift of place names" From the methodological point of view, it can also be called "the reconstruction of mountains and rivers". For example, through the study of some important place names in southwest China in recent years, the author found that Shimen, Wupanguan, Tandu Mountain (Guan), Big and Small Mantianling, Chubiyi, Chijiashan, Baiyanshan, Twelve Peaks of Wushan, Guyunshan and Liangjiao Mountain all lost their location in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and the reconstructed location was completely different from that in the Tang and Song Dynasties.

The Path of "Reconstruction of Local History"

In the "reconstruction of local history" in China’s ancient history, the general principle is "big things are not empty, small things are not limited", and the reconstructed history is often supported by a grand real historical background, but the specific path can be divided into three levels: oral legend manufacturing, oral legend text, oral legend and text legend landscape.

The first level is oral legend making, which is the lowest level of historical reconstruction. Historically, almost all the historical narratives of the early subjects were passed down orally. For example, the descriptions of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors in the early days were mostly passed down from generation to generation orally. In rural areas, there are many oral histories, and there are still a lot of oral historical legends. For example, in history, there was an oral legend of Zhuge Liang who captured Meng Huo seven times, but later in Yunnan, there was an oral legend of Zhuge Liang who captured Meng Huo seven times, and none of them were recorded in the text. In the research on the acquisition of imperial wood in Ming and Qing Dynasties, the author found that the history of the Ye family’s wood acquisition was only spread among the local people, and it was not recorded in the text.

The second level is the textual legend, which is more common in the later period of traditional society. Many local histories that have been passed down for a long time are often recorded in local chronicles, genealogy, documents and inscriptions. In people’s general cognition, records in black and white are often more likely to convince people of their authenticity. For example, since the Qing Dynasty, the folk song "Shi Niu vs. Shigu", which is related to the legend of Zhang Xianzhong Jiangkou’s sinking silver, has been circulated in the oral records of Chengdu, Zigong, Jianyang, Pengshan, Nanchong, Hejiang, Dianjiang, Zhongjiang and Yibin, and has entered various texts. The phenomenon of "Xiaogan in Macheng" everywhere in the migration movement of "Huguang filling Sichuan" was originally a phenomenon of "impersonation", and many of them were recorded in genealogical texts.

The third level is the landscape of oral legends and text legends. The landscape of historical memory is the most important path in the reconstruction of local history, but it is also the most deceptive path. In people’s cognition, landscape testimony is often more convincing than written records, especially after historical precipitation of landscape manufacturing, people are more convinced of its authenticity. Therefore, all kinds of landscape relics such as Zhuge Tai, Dongpo Well and Valley Slope, as well as the names of places and things containing historical allusions (such as Zhuge Cai and Dongpo Meat) in the reconstruction of local history have an empirical effect like historical evidence for the general public.

Discrimination of "Reconstruction of Local History"

In the ancient history of China, the reasons that influenced the "reconstruction of local history" were quite complicated, which made the authenticity and scientificity of "reconstruction of local history" different. Generally speaking, fiction in "reconstruction of local history" can be divided into two categories: objective speculation reconstruction and subjective fiction reconstruction. In terms of subdivision, the objective speculative reconstruction in the "reconstruction of local history" mainly means that the reconstructor is subjectively unaware of his own cognitive deviation or error due to the limitation of knowledge background and technical conditions, such as the location reconstruction of many historical place names. However, the reconstruction of subjective fiction in "reconstruction of local history" is often subjectively made up for the political demands of ancient countries, the Chinese identity of local society and the utilitarian achievements of the people.

From the perspective of political demands of ancient countries, for the purpose of maintaining the order of the country, the rulers abolished many local "obscenities" and conferred a large number of officially recognized idols of worship, such as Guan Gong, Zhuge Liang, Jiang Shui, Minshan Mountain and Mount Tai, which were conferred by the government in history. The most important cultural orientation of native China is to integrate into China. Therefore, the fictional reconstruction of many native sages’ deeds in history is an important way to bring Chinese historical celebrities into their hometown to seek Chinese identity. Therefore, the ancient local literati in China often enjoyed the reconstruction of local history.

However, in the history of China, many legends and stories handed down from generation to generation are often true historical scenes. Due to the lack of historical documents, they can only be circulated in the form of legends and stories, which are often mixed with many fictions and speculations of "reconstruction of local history", making it difficult for people to distinguish them. For example, the legend of sinking silver in the mouth of Zhang Xianzhong River, the legend of logging by the Ye family in Hanyuan, etc., although no documentary records have been found, they have been proved to be true scenes in history through on-the-spot excavation.

Then, how to distinguish the fictional scene in the "reconstruction of local history" from the real scene spread in the form of legends and stories because of the lack of historical documents has become a great responsibility of historians. In China’s "reconstruction of local history", once the oral fictional legend has the process of "landscape manufacturing", especially after two stages of "regional generalization" and "time precipitation", the fictional legend will often gradually become "faithful history", that is to say, after hundreds of years of precipitation, the fictional historical scene will make the history as a culture and the history as a science intertwined and difficult to distinguish between true and false, thus affecting the current social and historical cognition and misleading people. In today’s rural society, many fictional legends, especially those supported by historical landscapes, are often not marked by "legend" or "legend" in language expression, but are already convinced from the subconscious mind.

As a historian, we first shoulder the responsibility of distinguishing the nature of history as a science and historical remains as a culture in the reconstruction of local history, and then improve the reliability of historical research as a science. Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to strip those parts of the reconstruction of local history from the chaotic historical phenomena and find the original and true historical scenes as much as possible. Secondly, in the real society, historians can’t completely ignore the historical remains that have been precipitated by history as culture, because such remains are often historical witnesses of various cultural backgrounds in historical periods and important historical and cultural resources, which need to be respected. Finally, historians also need to guide and standardize all kinds of practitioners who are carrying out "reconstruction of local history" and mark many fictions and fabrications, so that history as a culture and history as a science are naturally different.

Source: China Social Sciences Network-China Social Sciences News

9 major beauty trends in 2021

Source: VOGUE fashion network

A new starting point, why not start with the "head"? How about a dream bangs? Or jump out of the comfort zone, bid farewell to taupe hair color, and try blue and orange?

Whether you want to be more photogenic during video calls or just want to dress up at home, you should try the latest beauty techniques. No inspiration? It’s on us! From exaggerated eye makeup to Hollywood star-like glamour lip makeup, the following are the most worthwhile beauty hairstyle trends in spring and summer of 2021 this season [1].

1. A large area of colorful eye makeup

Be happy! The difficult year has passed, so it’s time to celebrate. Let’s write off the gloom in 2020 with carefully painted color eye shadow. You can refer to the green and lavender on Halpern[3] and Gareth Pugh show, the pink of Tom Ford[4], the yellow and turquoise of Chromat are all good choices.

2. orange is in power

Pantone announced "extreme gray" and "bright yellow" as the annual fashion colors in 2021 [5], but the vibrant orange is also worthy of praise. Versace’s orange lip makeup, Dries Van Noten’s orange hair clips, and Louis Vuitton’s light peach color, all major show shows obviously favor orange. And Burberry’s subtle sunset hue comes from Isamaya Ffrench[6], and she also launched a bright orange lipstick in cooperation with Byredo at the end of last year.

3. Bold lip makeup

In times of war or depression, beauty products often sell well, especially lipsticks. To tell the truth, bold lip color can make you feel better, even if you wear a mask [7]. And the mask may also give people a sneaky sense of excitement. This season, you may wish to apply the classic big red lips like Hollywood actresses with exquisite cat eye makeup. You can refer to the model makeup of Dolce & Gabbana and Vivienne Westwood, and you can also make your lips more sexy and charming with luster, as demonstrated by Max Mara and Molly Goddard[8].

4. Blue mood

Say goodbye to the old and welcome the new, let’s embrace the blue. The electric blue eye shadow of Cornejo and Bethany Williams[9], the indigo eyelash of Charlotte Knowles[10], the ice blue lip color of Bora Aksu, and the sea blue eye shadow of Tomo Koizumi all prove that the "Excitement" effect [11] is still hot in the spring and summer of 2021.

5. Exquisite hair accessories

It’s natural to decorate spring with flowers, but this year, brands have come up with new ideas. Rodarte and Maison Margiela[12]’ s models have a bunch of light flowers on their heads, and the fairy is fluttering. Other brands have similar ingenuity, such as Dolce & Gabbana’s flower headscarf, Giambattista Valli’s bow, and Chanel’s elegant mesh. Simone Rocha and Acne use pearls and crystals to create a different style.

6. bangs that enhance temperament

If you’ve been thinking about cutting your bangs, now is the time. If you have no feelings for bangs, let’s convince you. Look at the goddesses Jane Birkin, Jean Shrimpton, Brigitte Bardot-nothing is more fashionable than an iconic bangs. Liu Hai is the most prominent hairstyle trend in the spring and summer show in 2021. You can refer to Hermès’s French bangs; Balenciaga and Valentino’s witch-style ultra-short bangs (the classic hairstyle of the protagonist in "Abandoning Soldiers in the Rear Wing" [14]); And the long bangs of MM6, Prada and Paco Rabanne.

7. Glossy skin

The epidemic is still spreading, and the vaccine [15] has just been launched, and health has never been more concerned than now. Plain face, glossy skin, light nude makeup and translucent makeup have become the mainstream. Let’s learn from Marni model Paloma Elsesser, Etro model Anna Ewers, and girls from Victoria Beckham, Supriya Lele[16], Burberry and Rodarte to show their healthy and beautiful side in the new year. Strengthen skin care and nourish the whole body skin. In 2021, the beauty [17] emanating from the inside out is the most precious.

8. Exaggerated eye makeup

Wearing masks and masks has become the new normal, so it is no wonder that eyes will become the key area for fashionistas to express themselves. Black eye makeup is the general trend this year. Pay attention to the decadent smoky makeup on the shows of Batsheva, Alice+Olivia, Dior and Giambattista Valli, and the exaggerated cat eye makeup of Cleopatra Valentino [18]. If you want to be a little low-key, you can refer to the smoky gray matte eye shadow created by Lucia Pica[19] for Chanel and Rosetta Getty.

9. DIY personalized haircolour

During the blockade, many people chose to dye their hair at home and try colorful hair colors. This trend will continue until 2021 [20], but this year is even more exaggerated and extreme. Please refer to Gareth Pugh’s lime green head, Valentino’s long layered mint hair, Christian Cowan’s neon mohicans head and Matty Bovan’s peach straight hair.

That is, on this day, brunson completed the great cause that no one can match in the 33-year history of the Knicks! 4 years, 104 million over-value.

New york Knicks is undoubtedly the most surprising team in the East this season, not even one! The Knicks, led by brunson, Randall and Barrett, won 47-35 in the regular season and lost to the fifth place in the East. One year later, they entered the Eastern Conference playoffs. Their opponent in the first round was the same young Cleveland Cavaliers. The last time the team entered the playoffs was back when LeBron James was a Cavaliers player in 2017-18, and it was five years before they could return to the playoffs.

Therefore, from the playoff experience of both sides, the Knicks are an absolute advantage. Newly-joined Jay brunson has fully proved his strength in last season’s playoff, not only helping the lone ranger to reach the playoff, but also helping Dancsics to reach the Western Conference finals. After he left this season, the lone ranger didn’t even have a chance to enter the playoffs directly, which shows how much influence it has on the lone ranger! Moreover, Randall, Barrett and Derek Ross are all fighting in the playoffs and have some experience in the playoffs. But even so, the Knicks are still a team that didn’t get the chance to qualify. The Knicks still firmly believe that the young knights can the legendary swordsman in this round of series!

However, the Knicks, who never believed in evil, directly knocked out their face of belittling people in the G1 war between the two teams. The two teams played four quarters, and finally the Knicks narrowly won 101:97, and the Cavaliers directly got off to a good start. Being able to steal the Cleveland Cavaliers’ home victories and benefits is enough to prove the Knicks’ super fighting power, and even make people feel disapprovingly wild at the Cavaliers’ home. The G-2 Cavaliers woke up from a rude awakening, while drawing lessons from G-1′ s failure, they also defended their home court dignity, so they got up the courage to win the home court defense, defeated the Knicks 107-90, successfully pulled back a city and rewritten the series as 1-1.

G3 moving from home to Knicks is a brand-new attempt for Knicks and Cavaliers, and a brand-new arena and a brand-new atmosphere is a brand-new journey! For the Cavaliers, it is necessary to try to get back the lost home court advantage. It is necessary for the Knicks to maintain the dignity of the home court, overwhelm the visiting Cavaliers with more fierce momentum, and firmly grasp the initiative of the series in their hands! Because they want not only the first round of the playoffs, but also the Eastern Conference semifinals and even the Eastern Conference finals.

After G3 returned to the team, the Knicks really took on a new look. Although the offensive in the first quarter was not smooth and almost made the team dumb, in the second quarter, the two quickly recovered their feelings. When they scored 28 points in a single quarter, they even divided the Cavaliers into 15 points. In this way, they took a double-digit lead in the half-game. The Knicks entered the final showdown with a lead of 17 points in the third quarter at 27:23. Although the Cavaliers fought back, they couldn’t narrow the score. The Knicks finally beat the Cavaliers 99-79 at home and rewrote the big score of the series to 2-1.

Five Knicks scored in double figures, including Randall 11+8+3, Barrett 19+8+3, Hart 13+6+1, and Quikley 11+2+1. The Knicks’ anchor for winning the championship was still Jay brunson, who counted 10 of 18 shots, knocked down 21 points, 4 rebounds, 6 assists and 2 steals, and lost +20. Only with him could he win the championship. It was his appearance that made the Knicks invincible!

No one thought that after the game, brunson also achieved the great cause that the Knicks didn’t care about for nearly 33 years! According to ESPN data, Jay brunson became the first person in the history of new york Knicks to get at least 20 points and 5 assists in two consecutive playoff games since Ewing in 1990. G2 brunson scored 20 points, 5 rebounds and 6 assists, G3 scored 21 points, 4 rebounds and 6 assists.

In the offseason last year, the Knicks took brunson away from the lone ranger with a big contract of 104 million yuan for four years. At that time, many people also had doubts about the contract of 100 million yuan, thinking that the Knicks had signed a junk contract again. But now it seems that brunson’s contract is not only cost-effective, but even the most far-sighted contract in Knicks’ history is regarded as a fortune. The Knicks’ rapid rise this season is due to the appearance of brunson, which has brought a winning culture to the team. The Knicks have also been liberated from the label of fish maw and become one of the upstarts in the east again. This alone, he is completely worthy of his four-year 104 million. What do you think of this problem?

Messi attacks! All five opponents were stunned, and it took only 2 seconds to stop the ball with his right foot and volley with his left foot to watch him perform.

In the away game against brest, Grand Paris finally scored 3 points. In this campaign, the French giants beat their opponents 2-1 and continued to expand their advantage in the standings. After the Champions League and the French Cup went out one after another, this season, only the goal of winning the French Cup was left in Barley.

Being eliminated in the Champions League led to the great loneliness of the whole team in Bali, and the feeling of loss was also brought to Ligue 1. They were almost surprised by their opponents in this game, and the score was still 1-1 in stoppage time. Fortunately, at the critical moment, Messi and Mbappé teamed up to create a winner.

In the 91st minute, the Grand Paris counterattacked, and Messi sent a pick pass directly after catching the ball at halftime. Mbappé got the message, and he quickly threw off the defender at the first time, and then passed the goalkeeper and pushed an empty net to help the Grand Paris stage a winner.

In this attack, Messi and Mbappé complement each other, and their passing and running timing are just right, but if one of them hesitates a little, he may not be able to score. It is worth mentioning that this is also the 300th assist of Messi’s club career, and the plum ball king has created a record that is hard for future generations to reach.

Of course, what fans want to see most is Messi’s goal, but unfortunately his luck in this game is average. According to statistics, Messi scored four goals in this campaign, but unfortunately he only scored once and failed to score in the end.

In the 54th minute of the game, Messi’s closest chance to score appeared. His teammate sent a cross on the left, Messi stopped the ball with his right foot, and then volleyed with his left foot, but unfortunately he missed the post.

In this attack, Messi’s performance was really excellent. It took him only about 2 seconds to complete a series of actions of stopping the ball and adjusting the shot. At that time, there were five defensive players around Messi. As a result, they all froze and stayed where they were, watching Messi perform.

Although he is 35 years old, Messi’s explosive power and adjustment ability in an instant are still the top in the world. Opponent defenders can’t keep up with Messi’s rhythm at all, and they dare not rush to grab it, because Messi will break through at any time. Once Messi enters the restricted area, it will be in big trouble.

In this attack, Messi’s performance has reached the extreme. In a limited space and time, he relied on his personal skills and instinct to complete the shot. Although he didn’t score in the end, he believed that his opponents were surprised in a cold sweat. Maybe Messi is no longer young, but as long as he concentrates on attacking on the court, the plum ball king is still one of the most threatening players on the planet.

Unfortunately, it is difficult for Messi to stay in the frontcourt as he did in Argentina. Especially in the Champions League, the midfielders in Paris often pull their legs, which caused Messi to be distracted and retreat, which also greatly consumed his physical strength. If Gabriel wants to make a breakthrough in the Champions League, he must rebuild the midfield and let Messi have no worries in the frontcourt. I believe he will lead the team to success as he did in Argentina!

Is UEFA better than the Premier League？ Anthony’s three data have doubled. Tenghahe： It’s ok in the Premier League.

Manchester United beat real betis 4-1, and Anthony scored the second goal in the last five games in the 82nd minute. In this game, Anthony completed five shots and three straight shots, tied for the first time in the number of shots and straight shots of Manchester United, and missed two excellent goals, ranking behind Wieghorst.

After the game, Manchester United coach Teng Hahe expressed dissatisfaction with Anthony’s performance, and said: He could do better in the first half, and he did it well and boldly, using his speed to attract defensive players, especially the need for more running (original: but in the first half, he could do better to make more actions, be more brave, go more behind, taking players on, but especially more movement,using his speed）。 Tenghahe said Anthony performed better in the second half and scored important goals, but Tenghahe said Anthony can do this not only in the Europa League, but also in the Premier League, which sounds like Anthony played in the Europa League, slightly better than the Premier League, which seems to be true from the data.

Although Anthony missed two excellent goals, even the shot was once. If he chose to pass the ball, any of the three teammates behind him in the middle would get a goal. But from the data performance, Anthony’s Europa League shooting efficiency is indeed higher than that of the Premier League. Anthony scored 0.39 goals in 90 minutes in the Europa League this season, and only 0.27 goals in the Premier League. The shooting conversion rate is 13% in the Europa League, but only 9% in the Premier League.

The difference between Anthony’s expected goal value and the actual goal value in the Europa League is 0.1, far exceeding the Premier League’s 0.02. These data seem to be evidence. Anthony’s shooting efficiency in the Europa League is better and it is easier to score goals, which may be related to the intensity of the Premier League’s rush.

Anthony’s ability to pass the last pass is questioned. The expected assists in the season are only 0.06, which is only higher than the front waist and wingers in the five major leagues. What is the concept? Among the 96 teams in the five major leagues, each team has at least two wingers and a front waist, and Anthony expects the assists to rank in the last dozens among 300 or 400 celebrities. This is also Anthony’s most criticized place, averaging 3.14 shots per game over 91%, but the actual number of goals is average, and the actual assists are ranked very low.

However, Anthony scored 1.18 points in the small restricted area in the Europa League, only 0.72 points in the Premier League, and passing the ball to create a shooting opportunity was also 1.18 points in the Europa League. Basically, passing the small restricted area can be turned into a shot. But the number in the Premier League is only 0.81. Anthony obviously played more decisively and boldly in the Europa League.

The reason for the data change may be that the intensity of the Premier League and Europa League matches is different. Some data may explain others. For example, the number of times Anthony attacked the third zone with the ball was 1.76 in the Europa League, but it was 3.33 in the Premier League, and it seemed that he was less delayed in the Europa League. In the Europa League, the distance he held the ball and the number of times he entered the penalty area were reduced by half compared with those in the Premier League.

These two figures seem to show that Manchester United’s Europa League does not need to drag its feet and carry the ball forward on its own. According to the Take-Ons data, the Europa League has 5.1 games every 90 minutes, while the Premier League has only 3.24 games. It seems that the Europa League has gone more boldly, made a technical move or quickly broke through and moved the ball after attracting the other team to double-team.

In fact, there is no need to use data to measure. Anthony’s participation in the Europa League is indeed much better than that of the Premier League. Even if everyone criticized Anthony for wasting his chances in the last game, he had to run out of position in the Premier League to waste his chances. So is the difference between Anthony and the Europa League and the Premier League due to tactics, opponents or other factors?