A Book of the Day ｜ Women’s Thoughts

Women’s thoughts

Author: [Japan] Ueno Chizuko

Translator: Lu Weiwei

Version: Zhejiang University Press

September 2022

Recommended index:★★★★★Presenter: Qing Qingzi

In recent years, many works by Chihiro Ueno have been translated and published. During this period, there are two books, one is "Starting from Limit" and the other is "Women’s Thought" to be recommended today. Although the styles of the two books are different, after reading them, we will realize that both books are dialogues. The former is a dialogue between Ueno and Suzuki liang zi about their own confusion, while the latter is a dialogue between Ueno and her predecessors who influenced and forged her and their works.

The Thought of Women is divided into two parts. In the first part, the works of five Japanese female thinkers are selected, namely Morizaki Kazuji, Shimuli Daozi, Tanaka Zhongjin, Taeko Tomioka and Shuitian Zongzi. The second part introduces and guides five western thinkers who are more familiar to readers: michel foucault, edward said, Eve Kosovski Segivik, Joan wallach Scott and Judith Butler.

Among these thinkers, Ueno Chizuko has repeatedly expressed the important influence of Morizaki and Jiang on her. In the recommendation of Miss Tangxing written by Morizaki and Kawasaki published in June this year, Ueno once wrote: "I want to find a language that only belongs to women when women tell their experiences. What struck me was Morizaki’s words … How much influence did this man have on me? It is too difficult to estimate. " The same words also appeared in Women’s Mind: "I selected the books that I have read and gained strength from, which constitute my blood and flesh, and interpreted them … In other words, this book is my understanding and my’ creation’."

It is worth mentioning that in the dialogue between Ueno Chizuko and these thinkers, their influence on Japanese sociology, feminist/gender studies and women’s liberation movement was also introduced. Language and thought, of course, are not created out of thin air. Ueno took over the language and thought of her predecessors, and now we have taken over the book from her.

Author/Wang Qing

Editor/Li Yongbo Gong Zhaohua

Proofreading/Wang Xin

On the Definition of ＂Culture＂ and ＂Cultural Form＂

When historians introduce "history" to people, they will first focus on how they understand the concept of "history"; Philosophers will also focus on how to understand "philosophy" when introducing their own philosophical research results to the people. As a lover and disseminator of Chinese studies, it is natural to follow the pace of the master and discuss clearly what is "Chinese studies" first. Talk about personal opinions and understanding again. Now we encounter a broader concept, that is, what is "culture"? What is "traditional culture"? What is "China culture"?

We can try to answer from two aspects: the definition of culture and the form of culture. The former mainly thinks about what the concept of culture refers to. The latter mainly thinks about how culture exists, how to form and how to develop. The concept of "form" was first used in biology and natural philosophy. In biology, it refers to the science of studying the external shape, internal structure and evolution process of objects. In natural philosophy, it refers to studying the form, structure and characteristics of philosophy, specifically, understanding philosophy from the aspects of philosophy research purpose, research object and expression form. The form of culture is to understand a certain culture from the perspectives of externally visible existence form, internally observable existence structure and cultural development and change.

We can think that "cultural form" is a concept derived from "natural form". Although the elements are different from each other, we can still understand "culture" through basic elements such as cultural purpose, characteristics, structure, function and position. That is to say, people gradually understand the "basic connotation" of culture through its "external existence form". In a broad sense, "culture" refers to the spiritual wealth created by the whole human society and its spiritual production capacity; In a narrow sense, "culture" refers to the concrete existence of philosophy, literature, art, education, science and customs. Generally speaking, discussing culture is about a specific culture, rather than discussing the sum of all human cultures in a macro way.

The characteristics of different cultural forms are mainly reflected by theoretical characteristics, clients, forms of expression, social influence and people’s position. The basic way for people to know "culture" is also from these elements. No matter what kind of culture it is, it has its own specific people’s position and service object. For example, Taoism regards "Tao" as the subject of the world, while "people" as the object of the world, and based on the basic position of "people", it comes to the value judgment of "following only the Tao". Confucianism regards "Heaven" as the main body of the world and "Son of Heaven" as the master of the world, and based on the basic position of long-term stability, it comes to the value judgment of "monarch, monarch, minister and minister". There are obvious differences in the starting point and ending point of thinking between the two cultures, which we call the difference of "cultural form" in "people’s position" and "service object"

People know and distinguish things through "differences". If there is no difference, all people look at the same face and all things look the same, then people can’t know the world. Among all the differences, there is a kind of "unity" in treating others, that is, all cultures serve people in the final analysis, but specifically serve the whole mankind? Or serve some people? Is it for the majority of people? Or serve a few people? From this, we can judge the "pattern" of a certain culture, from which we can see the "mind" and "realm" of a certain kind of people.

"For whom" is just a way to divide "cultural form". According to the observer’s point of view, as well as the differences in cognitive purposes and cognitive methods, there are more forms to divide cultural form. For example, literary and art circles and scientific circles, such as literature and audio-visual arts, such as materialism and idealism, such as hegelianism and Marxism, such as Taoist culture and Confucian culture, such as traditional culture and modern culture. It is worth noting that any "division" is an artificial division, which is divided by individuals according to certain needs and certain characteristics. It does not mean that there is a natural insurmountable gap between them. From a macro point of view, "culture" is always a whole, but it shows different characteristics in specific forms.

Finally, let’s discuss the issues of "cultural development" and "evolution of cultural forms". Culture is not static, let alone natural, but appears with the emergence of human society and develops with the development of society. Its fundamental driving force comes from the development of "economic base", which is Marx’s viewpoint and the basic theory of "historical materialism", that is, "economic base determines superstructure". The degree of economic development determines the degree of cultural development, which in turn promotes or hinders economic development. It looks similar to it, but actually the opposite view is "economic materialism" or "vulgar view of economic history", which is essentially a misinterpretation of "dialectical historical materialism". This view simply discusses "the economic base determines the superstructure" and denies "the reaction of the economic base of the superstructure". When looking at the issue of "cultural development", it often emphasizes the level of economic development, but does not discuss the degree of political civilization and ideological development.

Why should we use western culture to transform our culture?

Carry forward excellent traditional culture under the guidance of Marxism.

Under the guidance of Marxism, critically absorb western culture.

Six humorous stories ~ is there anything more tragic than this？ Netizen god replies ~ hahaha …

1. Someone sent Weibo: Yesterday, when I went to check in with my girlfriend for the first time, I met the police to make rounds. What could be more tragic? Netizen replied: Yes, the police asked your girlfriend in front of you why it was you every time.

2. I went to the pharmacy to buy medicine. When I saw an electronic scale at the door, I went up and weighed it to see if I had gained weight recently. But after I stood up, the lights on the shore didn’t light up and the numbers didn’t show … I suddenly became nervous. Am I already too overweight to be measured? At this time, there was a sentence in the room, "Girl, what are you doing stepping on our induction cooker?"

3, called a cleaner to clean the house, aunt to wear a shoe cover when entering the door. I quickly said: no, no, you can just step in! Aunt cleaning: no, I’m afraid I’ll get my shoes dirty …

4. I saw a fat girl walking slowly on the treadmill in the gym. I went to remind her:

"Sister, you have to hurry up, or you won’t get the effect of reducing fei. My sister replied with injustice, "I adjust it very quickly.

But it slowed down as soon as I stepped on it! "

5. At the age of 12 or 13, there was a lot of blood in the chair after class. I understood it at that time and didn’t panic at all. On the contrary, my classmates were very scared. I spent most of my time explaining to them what the physiological period is and why it bleeds until the teacher came and said to me, "Boys don’t have these things." I was rushed to the hospital.

6. During lunch, a female colleague of mine suddenly asked me with great concern: You should pay attention to your health.

I said: Why do you suddenly say this?

She said, because I think you seldom drink water.

I said, How do you know that I seldom drink water?

She said: Because you haven’t been to the toilet in the morning.

I asked strangely, how do you know?

She said solemnly, because you haven’t zipped your pants since morning … embarrassed …

Reconstruction of Local History in China Ancient History

Author: Lan Yong (Professor, School of History and Culture, Southwest University)

In ancient China, there were two kinds of history, one as science and the other as culture. The former is carried out under the basic norms of traditional history for the purpose of restoring objective history. As a culture, history mainly comes from cultural demands. Under the background of the principle of "big things are not empty, small things are not limited", we should enrich and reconstruct some historical details according to our own subjective imagination. In the history of China, the reconstruction of local history played a great role in the historical gestation of culture.

The concept of "reconstruction of local history"

The recording of historical documents is often a process of "historical reconstruction", and the author records history according to his own identification of historical facts and evaluation of its nature, which is itself a reconstruction of history. In the traditional period, historical research mainly focused on grand historical narrative, and the reconstruction content of the main narrative of traditional historical research was mostly the merits and demerits of emperors and generals far away from the bottom of society and the right and wrong of upper-level institutional policies, which appeared through the face of official history and official history books. Official history and official history books often only provide a grand historical narrative or historical space construction, without paying attention to the historical details of local China. Therefore, the study of local China needs to supplement and enrich the grand historical narrative and historical space construction in the local history. In this process, the local China not only supplements and enriches the main narrative with objective historical facts, but also often realizes this reconstruction by fiction and speculation. In other words, the "reconstruction" here is also a kind of "fiction" and "fabrication". This is the connotation of "reconstruction of local history" discussed in this paper.

The author finds that "reconstruction of local history" is the most important in the historical manufacturing process as a culture, and it often becomes a cultural event in local China. In 2019, the author first put forward the discourse of "reconstruction of local history" in the article "Elegance of place names or Miscall of place names —— Reflections on the evolution of the names of two pieces of river stones in Chongqing in history", and later, through the two articles "Reconstruction of China’s traditional local history from the perspective of Jinniu Road", "The phenomenon of sages everywhere in China history" and the reconstruction of traditional local history, Here, we can further analyze the types, paths, reasons and influences of China’s "reconstruction of local history" in history, which is not only the need of historical research cognition, but also the need of cognitive reality of "reconstruction of local history".

Types of "Reconstruction of Local History"

"Reconstruction of local history" can be divided into four types: reconstruction of deeds of former sages, refinement of historical events and systems, attachment of historical place names and repositioning of mountains and rivers.

The reconstruction of the deeds of former sages is often to refine the deeds of former sages in their native land or in their native land, especially through the evolution of "landscape manufacturing" and "regional generalization", so that details become an important part of local history. For example, there are many dishes named "Dongpo" and "Zhuge" and a lot of food stories about the stories and relics of the sages such as Dayu, Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu and Su Dongpo, which are not credible, but they exist as cultural history. Similarly, the story of Zhuge Liang preparing a post is a typical case of "landscape making" in the belief of the sages in the Tang and Song Dynasties. In the fourth year of Song Jiayou (1059), Su Dongpo and Huang Tingjian met in Sibo Township, Yibin, which is a typical case of "Guan Gong fighting Qin Qiong". There are similar cases in Guizhou. In history, there are many relics of Yelang Wang in Guizhou, but most of them are attached by later generations. For example, the Yelang King Town in Changshun County is actually a wasteland site in the Ming Dynasty, which is not directly related to Yelang King.

The refinement of historical events and systems is often reconstructed under the principle of "big things are not empty, small things are not limited". "No matter what the big events are, no matter what the small ones are" is the principle of historical novel creation, but it often becomes the principle of "reconstruction of local history". For example, regarding Zhuge Liang’s expedition to the south of China, The Romance of the Three Kingdoms reconstructs Meng Huo, the most famous Han Chinese in the south of China, and not only reshapes Meng Huo into a leader of ethnic minorities, but also makes the story of Meng Huo’s seven escapes and seven runs widely circulated among the people. Up to now, there are many Menghuo City and Menghuo Temple in Southwest China. During the Xianfeng period of Qing Dynasty, the uprisings of Li Yonghe and Lan Chaoding had a great influence on Sichuan, with many records in historical documents and vivid folk stories, but most of them lacked historical science. For example, it is said that after Li Yonghe arrived in Niuzhai from Tunshang, he immediately made an alliance by burning incense in Niuzhai and chose 10 concubines. This may not be true history, but many local people believe in it.

The attachment of historical place names is also an important part of the reconstruction of local history. In the history of China, place names not only have the basic function of orientation, but also have powerful cultural functions. Speculation in the textual research of place names often reflects traditional cultural demands. Looking at the naming hypothesis of Chongqing for 500 years, we can see that the process of "reconstruction of local history" continued until modern times. Imagination and speculation are often mixed with scientific history. Fictional local history not only appears in some traditional "rustic Confucianism", but also some literary and historical experts have become practitioners of speculation on the meaning of place names in "reconstruction of local history". For example, the elegant evolution of geographical names from Wugui Stone, Tortoise Stone to Fugui Stone, Marble Stone to Birthday Stone in history is also the result of the reconstruction of many local literati in past dynasties.

In the reconstruction of local history, the repositioning of mountains and rivers is also an important type. In ancient China, the cognition of geographical space was mostly a kind of "virtual space cognition", such as the positioning expression "How many miles is a certain mountain (river) in the north (east, west, north and south)" in the traditional geographical cognition of China. If the mountains and rivers do not have obvious and special humanistic and natural signs, it is often difficult for future generations and outsiders to re-use this positioning expression to accurately recognize specific geographical points. In the period of social unrest, there is often a "geographical name inheritance fault", which leads to more cognitive errors if there is no guidance from predecessors who can locate it, and many passes, mountains and post stations in the previous generation are relocated, but their previous positions are forgotten by history and cannot be found. The author calls this phenomenon of collective displacement of place names "geographical cognitive translocation", which can also be called "overall drift of place names" From the methodological point of view, it can also be called "the reconstruction of mountains and rivers". For example, through the study of some important place names in southwest China in recent years, the author found that Shimen, Wupanguan, Tandu Mountain (Guan), Big and Small Mantianling, Chubiyi, Chijiashan, Baiyanshan, Twelve Peaks of Wushan, Guyunshan and Liangjiao Mountain all lost their location in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and the reconstructed location was completely different from that in the Tang and Song Dynasties.

The Path of "Reconstruction of Local History"

In the "reconstruction of local history" in China’s ancient history, the general principle is "big things are not empty, small things are not limited", and the reconstructed history is often supported by a grand real historical background, but the specific path can be divided into three levels: oral legend manufacturing, oral legend text, oral legend and text legend landscape.

The first level is oral legend making, which is the lowest level of historical reconstruction. Historically, almost all the historical narratives of the early subjects were passed down orally. For example, the descriptions of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors in the early days were mostly passed down from generation to generation orally. In rural areas, there are many oral histories, and there are still a lot of oral historical legends. For example, in history, there was an oral legend of Zhuge Liang who captured Meng Huo seven times, but later in Yunnan, there was an oral legend of Zhuge Liang who captured Meng Huo seven times, and none of them were recorded in the text. In the research on the acquisition of imperial wood in Ming and Qing Dynasties, the author found that the history of the Ye family’s wood acquisition was only spread among the local people, and it was not recorded in the text.

The second level is the textual legend, which is more common in the later period of traditional society. Many local histories that have been passed down for a long time are often recorded in local chronicles, genealogy, documents and inscriptions. In people’s general cognition, records in black and white are often more likely to convince people of their authenticity. For example, since the Qing Dynasty, the folk song "Shi Niu vs. Shigu", which is related to the legend of Zhang Xianzhong Jiangkou’s sinking silver, has been circulated in the oral records of Chengdu, Zigong, Jianyang, Pengshan, Nanchong, Hejiang, Dianjiang, Zhongjiang and Yibin, and has entered various texts. The phenomenon of "Xiaogan in Macheng" everywhere in the migration movement of "Huguang filling Sichuan" was originally a phenomenon of "impersonation", and many of them were recorded in genealogical texts.

The third level is the landscape of oral legends and text legends. The landscape of historical memory is the most important path in the reconstruction of local history, but it is also the most deceptive path. In people’s cognition, landscape testimony is often more convincing than written records, especially after historical precipitation of landscape manufacturing, people are more convinced of its authenticity. Therefore, all kinds of landscape relics such as Zhuge Tai, Dongpo Well and Valley Slope, as well as the names of places and things containing historical allusions (such as Zhuge Cai and Dongpo Meat) in the reconstruction of local history have an empirical effect like historical evidence for the general public.

Discrimination of "Reconstruction of Local History"

In the ancient history of China, the reasons that influenced the "reconstruction of local history" were quite complicated, which made the authenticity and scientificity of "reconstruction of local history" different. Generally speaking, fiction in "reconstruction of local history" can be divided into two categories: objective speculation reconstruction and subjective fiction reconstruction. In terms of subdivision, the objective speculative reconstruction in the "reconstruction of local history" mainly means that the reconstructor is subjectively unaware of his own cognitive deviation or error due to the limitation of knowledge background and technical conditions, such as the location reconstruction of many historical place names. However, the reconstruction of subjective fiction in "reconstruction of local history" is often subjectively made up for the political demands of ancient countries, the Chinese identity of local society and the utilitarian achievements of the people.

From the perspective of political demands of ancient countries, for the purpose of maintaining the order of the country, the rulers abolished many local "obscenities" and conferred a large number of officially recognized idols of worship, such as Guan Gong, Zhuge Liang, Jiang Shui, Minshan Mountain and Mount Tai, which were conferred by the government in history. The most important cultural orientation of native China is to integrate into China. Therefore, the fictional reconstruction of many native sages’ deeds in history is an important way to bring Chinese historical celebrities into their hometown to seek Chinese identity. Therefore, the ancient local literati in China often enjoyed the reconstruction of local history.

However, in the history of China, many legends and stories handed down from generation to generation are often true historical scenes. Due to the lack of historical documents, they can only be circulated in the form of legends and stories, which are often mixed with many fictions and speculations of "reconstruction of local history", making it difficult for people to distinguish them. For example, the legend of sinking silver in the mouth of Zhang Xianzhong River, the legend of logging by the Ye family in Hanyuan, etc., although no documentary records have been found, they have been proved to be true scenes in history through on-the-spot excavation.

Then, how to distinguish the fictional scene in the "reconstruction of local history" from the real scene spread in the form of legends and stories because of the lack of historical documents has become a great responsibility of historians. In China’s "reconstruction of local history", once the oral fictional legend has the process of "landscape manufacturing", especially after two stages of "regional generalization" and "time precipitation", the fictional legend will often gradually become "faithful history", that is to say, after hundreds of years of precipitation, the fictional historical scene will make the history as a culture and the history as a science intertwined and difficult to distinguish between true and false, thus affecting the current social and historical cognition and misleading people. In today’s rural society, many fictional legends, especially those supported by historical landscapes, are often not marked by "legend" or "legend" in language expression, but are already convinced from the subconscious mind.

As a historian, we first shoulder the responsibility of distinguishing the nature of history as a science and historical remains as a culture in the reconstruction of local history, and then improve the reliability of historical research as a science. Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to strip those parts of the reconstruction of local history from the chaotic historical phenomena and find the original and true historical scenes as much as possible. Secondly, in the real society, historians can’t completely ignore the historical remains that have been precipitated by history as culture, because such remains are often historical witnesses of various cultural backgrounds in historical periods and important historical and cultural resources, which need to be respected. Finally, historians also need to guide and standardize all kinds of practitioners who are carrying out "reconstruction of local history" and mark many fictions and fabrications, so that history as a culture and history as a science are naturally different.

Source: China Social Sciences Network-China Social Sciences News

What is fashion？ Fashion in my eyes is not equal to fashion.

Take to the streets and meet girls with heavy makeup from time to time. Some people say it’s affectation, others say it’s fashion. When I turn on the TV, I often "meet" with long-haired men. Some people say that it is ostentatious, while others say that it is fashionable. Some people are obsessed with internet cafes all day, some people say that it is a waste of youth, and some people say that it is really fashionable. Overnight, the wind of "fashion" blew all over the streets of society. I don’t know when, it quietly ran into our campus, attracting countless boys and girls to chase the "fashion" footsteps.

Some students think that fashion is the latest fashion. Some students think it is fashion when they see the "cool hairstyles" that movie stars do at will on TV. Some students regard drinking and smoking as fashion; Some students regard cliques as fashion; Some students even regard violating discipline as fashion, regardless of school rules. In fact, they simply don’t understand the true meaning of "fashion", and their practices just trample on and defile the beautiful word "fashion".

What is fashion? Fashion in my eyes is not the same as fashion. "Time" is fashion. Does "Shang" mean "noble"? Fashion, can we understand it as a popular and good atmosphere and habit at that time? In this case, we should treat popular things in two ways, and never follow blindly. The pursuit of fashion is not necessarily right. If "baldness" really became popular, wouldn’t all the streets become monks and nuns? If everyone really dances "street dance", wouldn’t the street become a "dance floor", and how can the traffic be smooth?

# Fashion Fashion Matching # # Beauty Meitu #

Last year, you are better than this year, learn practical matching skills, and old clothes are more fashionable to wear.

Is there anything different between you last year and you this year? We are all on the way to becoming beautiful and becoming more and more confident. It is also last year’s clothes, which can also give birth to fashion sparks under careful collocation.

You were more fashionable last year than you are this year. Don’t blindly buy new clothes in winter. As long as we learn these practical matching tips, the old clothes will be more exotic when worn.

Just like this blogger, this year’s dress is obviously more progressive than last year’s. The way of washing blue denim jacket and overlapping white T-shirts is not fashionable enough, although it is lively and age-reducing.

This year’s clothes have become more fashionable and confident. Replace the white T-shirt with a short pink T-shirt, which is very refreshing with straight white pants. The matching of retro denim jackets is more playful and tall, and small people can wear it.

Cotton-padded jacket with quilted design, or down jacket, will not be so bloated visually. Last year, I directly used quilted cotton-padded jacket with tapered pants, which was neat and elegant, but my legs were not slender enough.

This year’s clothes are obviously a lot more foreign. It’s still the same piece of quilted straight jeans with high waist, which naturally raises the waistline. Casual and handsome is also very long-legged, and it is more friendly to the small figure.

Don’t always wear a lambswool coat with fur, and don’t always wear small black pants. This fur-and-fur coat is easy to wear a bloated feeling. We can wear wide-leg jeans with high waist, which is handsome and stylish.

A loose fur coat like this must be paired with drooping and neat trousers. High-waisted wide-leg jeans are cool. It is also very fashionable and coordinated with the fur coat.

The loose down jacket is also very warm when worn. Last year, you could wear loose down jackets with slim leggings. It is fashionable and warm to wear with platform shoes.

Loose down jacket, with strong fluffy style, is more generous to wear. Loose beige down jacket with thick-soled riding boots also adds a sense of fashion. Compared with the collocation of loafers, thick-soled boots are more fashionable and foreign.

A thicker fur coat looks a bit loose and more inclusive. A loose fur coat like this, with high-waisted straight pants, will make the legs look slimmer.

To be more fashionable, we can try a loose fur coat with a white T-shirt with a cartoon personality. Paired with high-waisted jeans, it will be more fashionable than small black pants. High-waisted jeans are more fashionable than small black pants.

Last year, the small coat of lambswool was still relatively low-key, and it was a bit temperamental to wear it directly with small black pants. This year’s wear has been improved in details and more fashionable.

Caramel-colored lambswool coat and high-waisted wide-leg pants with woolen fabric make your legs more straight. Loose high-waisted wide-leg pants, woolen fabrics are thicker, with thick-soled plush slippers, which are also very playful and age-reducing.

Short down jacket with slim black pants, although simple and generous, it is easy to expose the leg shape. If we want to try old clothes and wear new ones, we can wear them with high-waisted straight jeans.

The short down jacket, with a slightly loose white T-shirt and high-waisted straight jeans, has a clear layering and enriches the overall fashion. The short down jacket with high-waisted straight jeans also fully stretched the legs.

Wearing a black suit can also become more brilliant. We can try loose sweaters, and the matching with leg pants will be more casual and generous. The overall style will be a little bloated.

Wearing a black loose sweater will also show a sense of fashion. Like this kind of loose black sweater, with slightly tall waist pants, it is more fashionable to wear. Especially with the decoration of the belt, it raises the waistline and looks more exquisite and fashionable.

—END

Original text, picture source network, if there is any infringement, please contact to delete.

It’s enough to read this article, which is a quick cheat sheet for World Cup fans.

At 0: 00 Beijing time on November 21st, 2022, FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 will officially kick off in 2022. As a large-scale sports event in the world every four years, the World Cup always attracts many people’s attention.

However, most netizens may not always pay attention to football matches, watching people around them talk about the World Cup in full swing, but they don’t know how to join the topic. What should I do? Don’t panic,CCTV News World Cup series feature "Come and watch the ball! 》Take you for 10 minutes to learn something about football.

A few things you need to know about football and the World Cup.

one There are 11 players from each side in the football match, and these 11 players also bear different responsibilities. The goalkeeper is mainly responsible for guarding the goal; The defender is mainly responsible for the team’s defense; The midfielder is mainly responsible for organizing and dispatching, intercepting the ball and making offensive; The striker is mainly responsible for attacking the city and pulling out the village for the team.

2 The regular time of a football match is 90 minutes, and the first half is 45 minutes each.

three If the two sides are tied in the regular time and the winner must be decided, it will take 30 minutes of overtime.

four After the overtime, if the two sides are still tied, a penalty shootout is needed. The players on both sides decided the outcome of the game by shooting penalties at each other.

△ Penalty shootout-one of the most exciting links in football match

five In FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022, each team can change five players in a game at regular time. In the knockout stage, if you enter overtime, each team can get an extra substitution quota.

six However, the replaced players can no longer play, which is different from basketball and volleyball. So, if you see a player playing badly, don’t angrily accuse him: "Why don’t someone else go up quickly?" After all, substitution is a technical job, and the head coach of the team may be more worried than you.

seven There are no players such as Ronaldinho, Kaka, Beckham and Rooney in this World Cup. They used to be the stars of the shining World Cup, but now they have hung up their boots and retired.

eight There are no Jordan, James, Curry and Durant on the American team. They are all basketball players. Don’t confuse them.

nine There are no clubs such as Real Madrid, Barcelona, Manchester United and Bayern in the World Cup. Players only represent the associations of their countries or regions.

10 In addition to Italy’s regret, teams familiar to everyone, such as Brazil, Argentina, France, Germany, Spain and England, all came to Qatar. Cristiano Ronaldo, Lionel Messi, Neymar and Mbappé are not absent. The group list of the World Cup finals is listed by Xiaobian for you:

Do you still use "staying up late to explode your liver" in this World Cup?

A bad news and a good news.The bad news is that there are still many wonderful games in this World Cup that kick off at 3:00 am Beijing time. The strong dialogue in the group stage (for example, Spain VS Germany) and almost half of the competitions in the knockout stage are arranged at this time. The good news is that the kick-off time of the final is 23: 00 on December 18th, Beijing time, and the finish time is about 1: 00 on December 19th. In this final, you don’t need to set an alarm clock at two or three o’clock at night to watch the whole game with sleepiness.

I wonder which one to watch. Xiaobian helps you with your ideas.

France is the defending champion of the World Cup, with many stars, while Denmark ranks 10th in the world. In last year’s European Cup, it also reached the top four, with strong strength. It is worth mentioning that in the last three encounters between the two sides, the Danish team remained unbeaten against France with 2 wins and 1 draw. This game is a strong dialogue worth looking forward to.

Two traditional strong teams, both of which have won the World Cup, will stage a "Mars hit the earth"-like confrontation in the group stage. Although the two teams are close in world ranking and paper strength, Spain beat Germany 6-0 in the last European League match. In this World Cup, there is no shortage of highlights in the contest between the two teams.

Both teams are led by the world’s top strikers. Who can lead the team to victory, lewandowski of the Polish team or Messi of the Argentine team, deserves attention.

In the 2002 World Cup in Korea and Japan, the two teams competed for qualifying in the final round of the group stage. In that game, two players of Portugal were sent off by red cards, while South Korea scored a goal in the dominant position, which knocked Portugal out of the group. Now, 20 years later, what will be the result of the second match between the two sides in the history of the World Cup? The game is worth watching.

For many people, when watching a football match, if you don’t know any of the 22 players on the field, you may be sleepy before you see half of the 90-minute game. How to choose when you don’t watch the ball and face 32 strange teams and players?

If you only know Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo …

For those who rarely watch football and only know Ronaldo and Messi when it comes to football, choose to watch.Portugal, ArgentinaThe match between the two teams is a good choice. Of course, in addition to these two core players, the two teams also have many world-class stars in other positions.

Portugal has a luxurious lineup, with midfielder Fernandez and defender Diaz having great strength in their respective positions. Cristiano Ronaldo, who is 37 years old, has not been in a satisfactory state recently. This World Cup is also the last chance for the star who has been playing for Portugal for nearly 20 years to realize his dream of winning the World Cup.

Similar to Cristiano Ronaldo, this tournament is also likely to be the 35-year-old Messi’s last World Cup. Unlike Cristiano Ronaldo, Messi has been in relatively good shape recently. In addition to Messi, lautaro Martinez is a stable attack point for Argentina, while Romero and other players can provide Argentina with defense protection.

If you are keen on enjoying the feeling of victory …

Brazil and France, the two favourites to win the World Cup, can pay attention.

Brazil has a team that can hit the championship. In many positions, there are excellent players in the team, even substitutes, who can reach world-class standards. The only fly in the ointment is the position of full-back, and the relatively short talent pool may become Brazil’s weakness.

The French team has the world’s top player Mbappé, the young midfield star Chuameni, and the defensive line with a talent blowout. However, the football match has never been a competition of paper strength. In this year’s European League, France lost to Denmark twice, and it is hard to win in the face of Croatia. The strength of the players in the French team can be said to be the top 32, but how to arrange a suitable starting lineup and let the players exert their greatest strength is also a problem that coach Deschamps needs to consider.

If you want to chase an unpopular team …

If you don’t like conformity, then Xiaobian recommends it to you.Senegal, DenmarkTwo teams that are expected to make great achievements in this World Cup.

Senegalese, the African champion, has world-class stars such as coulibaly and Eduardo Mendi in the team, and the team members basically play in the five major leagues in Europe, so their strength cannot be underestimated. The withdrawal of the top star, Mane, due to injury will affect the strength of the team to some extent, but in the group stage, Senegal still has strong competitiveness.

Denmark ranks 10th in the FIFA world rankings. In last year’s European Cup, the team reached the top four without Eriksson, the core of the team. Today, Eriksson has recovered from injury, and players such as Heibel are in the prime of their careers, which makes Denmark a team worth looking forward to in this tournament.

If you pay more attention to face value …

For fans who are concerned about players’ face value, Xiaobian recommends several "drop-dead gorgeous" in their respective teams.

Of course, the judgment of face value varies from person to person. In the one-month competition, I believe you will also find your own football star.

As a true fan, if you see beautiful passes and goals, you can only say "this ball is awesome!" " It would be unprofessional. Xiaobian has prepared a set of necessary terms for you to watch the ball, turning the commentator’s "heavenly book" into an easy-to-understand language and chatting happily with friends.

formation

In a game, we often hear commentators mention 4-4-2, 4-3-3, 4-2-3-1, 3-5-2 and other formations. In most cases, the number at the top of the formation name represents the number of guards, the number at the bottom represents the number of strikers, and the number in the middle is the number of midfielders, excluding the goalkeeper. As shown in the figure below

According to the team’s staffing, tactics and opponents’ situation, the head coach may arrange various formations. "Changing the array" can often become a magic weapon for a team to defeat the enemy.

"Forbidden area", bottom line and sideline

Look at the picture ↓↓↓↓

corner

The defender kicked (touched) the ball out of his own baseline and the attacker got a corner kick.

△ Corner kick should be taken from a specific corner kick area (data map)

penalty kick

The defender fouls or intentionally handballs in his own restricted area, and the attacker gets a penalty.

wave of the world

It means a wonderful goal. If you see a shocking and unforgettable goal in the game, you can say, "This is a world wave!" "

"Score twice", "hat trick" and "Big Four Happiness"

A player who scores two goals in a game is called "scoring twice", scoring three goals is called "hat trick" and scoring four goals is called "big four happiness".

own goal

Our players kick (throw) the ball into their own goal to help their opponents score.

△ There is no doubt that this is indeed an own goal that has appeared in the official competition.

VAR

Video Assistant Referee (video assistant referee). Through video playback technology, they help the referee to correct mistakes and omissions and improve the accuracy of the penalty.

△ In the last World Cup, VAR already appeared in the competition.

yellow card

When a player commits a relatively serious foul, the referee will show a yellow card to warn him. Some commentators also call it the "Golden God of War Card".

red card

If a player commits a serious foul or gets two yellow cards in total, the referee will show a red card. Players who get a red card must leave the stadium, which some commentators also call "the Ruby God of War Card".

offside

Offside is one of the most complicated rules in football. To put it simply, the commentator said that the ball was offside, so nine times out of ten it was offside …

Seeing this, you must have known something about football and this World Cup. Tomorrow at 0: 00 am, prepare fried chicken for drinks, or put a hot pot on the shelf, and watch and talk about the ball together!

Source of this article: CCTV News WeChat WeChat official account

Producer/Li Zhe

Editor/Jiang Anqi

Cartography/Meng Xianglong Huang Xutian Gao Mengru

Proofreading/Gao Shaozhuo

Very classic emotional sentence, like it, please take it.

First, crying is not necessarily the most wronged, but the person who looks sharp, aggressive, silent and doesn’t explain is the most wronged, because she disdains to explain, and always wants to leave her strong side to others, and crying only to herself.

Second, he used to be my world, my cuddle, but now my world is gone, my cuddle is gone, and even my original appearance is gone. I am full of worries, but no one tells me. At night, I only hold my pillow and dare not cry.

Third, we must accept the part of life that is doomed to be incomplete and unable to do so. Accept those things that are forbidden and can’t see the light.

Fourth, if we overdraw our tears, we will laugh heartlessly. If someone can rely on it, who will want to be independent?

Sorry, you and I can’t be friends. Because I loved it so deeply, I still want to have it after a look, so that’s it. From then on, mountains and rivers will not meet.

6. I dare not bother you again, because I am no longer pleasing you.

Seven, when you go all out to be good to a person, you become a fool, deaf, nothing in your eyes except him, and even the injury becomes a test of love.

It’s sad to think about it. Some people may never be seen again.

Nine, you left, with all my love, just a breakup. I hold back tears and look at your back. I really want to hug you one last time and say "I love you" to you again.

10. I don’t know when it started. Finding you at a glance in the crowd has become my best thing. I miss where I go, and my eyes are full of you.

Eleven, you have no idea how scared I am, how afraid you will be liked by others, and even more afraid that you will like others and leave me.

Twelve, you didn’t stay, I didn’t look back, so the rest of my life is well; No one is wrong, it’s just a bad time!

13. You believe everything you see and hear. You never believe what I say with my heart.

Fourteen, he just needs it, and you just happen to be there; He vented his loneliness on you, but you naively thought it was love.

Fifteen, a person is not lonely to eat, a person is not lonely to walk, a person is not lonely to sleep, and a person is not lonely to watch movies. It is loneliness to secretly like someone.

Sixteen, some people can’t say where is good, but no one can replace it!

Seventeen, time is changing, people are changing, some things, no matter how hard we try, we can’t go back.

18. What I said after silence was broken and far from the truth, and I thought about it again and again. The heart that can’t bear to hurt others can only curl up with itself.

Nineteen, last night, we made a Mengmeng, and we went back to waking up hand in hand. The loss can’t be said!

Twenty, everyone thinks that you are doing well, and there are many friends. Others speculate that you have countless ambiguous relationships. But only you can understand that when a person stays at home with the lights on and loses sleep all night, there will be no sound in the room if you don’t talk.

Twenty-one, the sweet bits and pieces at the beginning finally pieced together into all the bitter memories.

Twenty-two, disappointment to the extreme is to say a long list of words to prove yourself, but when the words come to the mouth, they turn into a wry smile. I feel that there is no need, and it is superfluous to say a word.

Twenty-three, every time negative emotions explode, others will think that they are making a mountain out of a molehill. Yes, your feelings are only clear to yourself. No one will know where you have been exiled, and no one will know how many times the light in your heart has been lit and extinguished.

24. Everyone is a passer-by and will have to leave sooner or later, so when you get together, you should make every effort to be happy. When it’s over, no one will miss anyone, go to their next stop and find new happiness.

To this day, you are still the reason why I refuse others. In fact, I didn’t wait for you. I just can’t like others.

Twenty-six, I thought that I could touch a person as long as I liked it very hard. Later, I only touched myself.

Twenty-seven, I never left you a message, never took the initiative to find you, never called you, never sent you a text message. When I saw you, I only smiled and even smiled as a passer-by. It’s not that I pretend to be aloof, but that you missed me.

Twenty-eight, is always accompanied by growing up, waiting around people have been changing, once such good friends, are no longer in touch. Said those good friends forever vows, can’t come true. On this train of life, everyone is a passer-by except himself.

Once, I wanted to share all my secrets with you, but now, you have become a secret in my heart.

30. Don’t wait for me to change before you say you miss me. My heart is tired to a certain extent, and I don’t even have the strength to be angry and care.

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＂The hardest 2022＂, have local listed beauty companies come through？

Interface journalist | Zhou Fangying

Interface News Editor | Lou Qinqin

On the occasion of the handover in late spring and early summer, the local beauty listed companies that have spent the cold winter have handed over their transcripts in the first quarter of 2022 and 2023.

As can be seen from the 2022 annual report, two domestic beauty companies, Proya and Betani, which are characterized by effective skin care, are still growing against the trend. In 2022, Polaiya’s revenue increased by 37.8% year-on-year to 6.39 billion yuan, and the net profit returned to the mother increased by 41.9% to 817 million yuan; Betaine’s revenue increased by 24.7% year-on-year to 5.01 billion yuan, and the net profit returned to the mother increased by 21.8% to 1.05 billion yuan.

These two local beauty groups are rising stars who broke the 5 billion yuan mark for the first time after shanghai jahwa, an "old-timer", and both of them take a single main brand as the main force of performance.

Polaiya brand accounted for more than 82% of the group’s total revenue for two consecutive years. Winona brand is the only main brand since Betani was founded, which has created a subdivision of sensitive muscle repair.

However, it is worth mentioning that although Betani still maintained a double increase in net profit of revenue under the situation of repeated epidemics in 2022, the growth rate slowed down significantly. In addition to the epidemic raid in 2020, Betani’s revenue and net profit have increased by more than 30% in the past five years.

In 2022, the epidemic situation repeatedly brought more obvious impact on local listed beauty companies such as shanghai jahwa, Marubi, Shuiyang and Shangmei, with their revenue declining by 3% to 26%, while the net profit returned to their mothers decreased by about 20% to 60%.

Marubi Co., Ltd. pointed out in the financial report that the transformation of online channels and the expansion of online self-operated business have led to the increase of various expenses and have an impact on net profit. During the period, Marubi’s revenue decreased by 3.1% year-on-year, net profit returned to the mother decreased by 29.7% to 170 million yuan, while sales expenses increased by over 100 million yuan. Among them, the main brand Marumi’s revenue decreased by 12.3% year-on-year, which obviously caused a big drag on the company’s performance.

Except for Marubi, the common problems of the above-mentioned companies are that the head effect of the main brands is not obvious, and the development volume of new brands is broken.

Taking Shangmei as an example, three brands, Kanshu, Yiye and Red Elephant, accounted for over 90% of the group’s performance, but all three brands experienced a revenue decline of 20% to 30%. Among them, Kans and Yiye are undergoing upgrading and transformation. For example, Yiye is now positioned as a pure beauty brand. The new brands developed by Shangmei in recent years, such as high muscle energy, extreme square and one page, are still in the market cultivation stage, and their coverage spans from mass to high-end, from personal care to maternal and child care, but the revenue benefit is not yet obvious.

Shuiyang Co., Ltd. said in the recent investor relations activities that a brand matrix of "2+2+n" has been formed at present. The newly acquired French high-end skin care brand EDB and the original main brand Yu Nifang are the first 2, the big water drops and the small confusion are the second 2, and N is some new brands. In the first quarter, except EDB and Royal Nifang, other brands still suffered some losses.

The opportunity to expand the segmentation field with new brands has become the consensus of beauty group. The aforementioned Polaiya and Betani, who are more resilient in the epidemic, are also trying to establish a second growth point.

In 2022, the single-brand revenue of Caitang, a cosmetics brand owned by Polaiya, exceeded 500 million yuan, which has doubled for two consecutive years, but there is still a big gap with the main brand of Polaiya, which is 5.2 billion yuan. Betaine launched a high-end anti-aging brand in 2022, trying to fill the gap in the high-end field for the group beyond Winona at the mass price.

From the financial reports and external information of local beauty groups, we can also find that the strategy of "big single product" and the development potential of online e-commerce in Tik Tok and Aauto Quicker are frequently mentioned.

During the period, Marumi shares combed the product structure and streamlined more than 200 SKUs. The company intends to promote the strategy of dividing canals and products. For example, online, the eye cream of star single product is the core, supplemented by the newly launched "big single product" such as anti-aging essence, while offline, the gift box set is the most important to enhance the in-store experience.

Shanghai jahwa, who has always focused on offline channels, said in the 2022 financial report that the company’s e-commerce channels continued to promote multi-platform layout, and gradually digested the past dependence on a single style of play, such as eliminating the impact of Tmall’s over-the-top loss, and achieved an overall growth of about 4%. Among them, the growth rate of interested e-commerce (Tik Tok, Aauto Quicker, etc.) exceeded 200%.

Together with the 2022 financial report, there are also good news that major local beauty groups have returned to growth in the first quarter and achieved recovery. The overall market data can also reflect the signal that the beauty industry is recovering.

According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, the total retail sales of cosmetics in the first quarter was 104.3 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 5.9%. In comparison, in March this year, the total retail sales of cosmetics reached the highest value in the past five years, with an increase of nearly 10%.

However, judging from the generally dull feedback of e-commerce promotion on Women’s Day on March 8th this year, it will take some time for the beauty industry to fully recover, and local cosmetics companies still need to be cautiously optimistic.

Hangzhou Asian Games ｜ National Table Tennis ＂Dominates＂ the Dark Horse in the Olympic Games, making a historical breakthrough.

Xinhua News Agency, Hangzhou, October 3rd (Reporter Tian Guangyu, Liu Jinhui, Niu Mengtong) On October 2nd, the table tennis competition of Hangzhou Asian Games ended in the gymnasium of Gongshu Canal Sports Park in Hangzhou, and Guoping won six gold medals outside the women’s doubles event. Although it failed to win the gold medal in two consecutive Asian Games, table tennis still showed its strong dominance in five Olympic events. In addition to the traditional strong teams of China, Japan and South Korea, Iran, India, Thailand and other teams also performed brilliantly in this tournament, making a historic breakthrough, and the Asian table tennis world is thriving.

On September 26th, members of China team who won the men’s table tennis team in Hangzhou Asian Games celebrated on the podium. Xinhua News Agency reporter Liu Xushe

Compared with table tennis in Paris Olympic Games, there is no doubles in the team competition of Hangzhou Asian Games, and men’s and women’s doubles are separate events. As the "senior high school entrance examination" for preparing for the Paris Olympics, Guoping’s performance in the five events of men’s and women’s groups, men’s and women’s singles and mixed doubles is particularly important.

The men’s and women’s teams in China played the triumphant song all the way from the group stage, and all reached the summit with five 3-0 matches, achieving eight consecutive championships and five consecutive championships in the Asian Games respectively. In terms of singles, Fan Zhendong and Wang Chuqin, the top two players in the world, won the men’s singles competition and joined the finals. Sun Yingsha beat Hayata Hina, the Japanese main player, in the women’s singles final, and kept winning 11 games against her opponent. In the mixed doubles event surrounded by strong enemies, China joined forces in the final, and Wang Chuqin/Sun Yingsha defended the Asian Games after defending the World Table Tennis Championships in Durban.

On September 26th, China team members who won the women’s table tennis team in Hangzhou Asian Games celebrated on the podium. Xinhua News Agency reporter Wang Peng photo

In two non-Olympic events, Guoping showed a happy and a worried performance. Fan Zhendong/Wang Chuqin showed great technical strength in the men’s doubles final, and won the championship by beating the Korean group Zhang Yuzhen/Lin Zhongxun in just 32 minutes. Sun Yingsha/Manyu Wang and Chen Meng/Wang Yidi, both women’s doubles teams, stopped in the quarter-finals, and China missed the medal in this event.

Although the loss in women’s doubles was unexpected, it also sounded the alarm for national table tennis, but it had little impact on the situation of the Paris Olympic Games. In the Olympic table tennis team competition, each team has only three players and adopts the best-of-five system, including four singles and one doubles. Because there are far more singles than doubles, doubles are usually paired by two singles players. Among the opponents who beat the women’s doubles in table tennis, the Japanese combination Miyo Muhara/Miyo Zhang is still young, and it is not known whether they can play the main role in singles in the strong Japanese women’s team in the short term, while the doubles strength of the Indian combination Sutil Ta/Aisika mainly comes from the "strange board" cooperation, and their singles ability is not enough to pose a threat.

In addition to the gold medal, the excellent performance of many national table tennis players in the intensive schedule is also worthy of recognition. Wang Chuqin and Sun Yingsha, who are also four events, started the "Devil’s Race" after the team competition, and played 10 games each in three days from September 28th to 30th. In the end, Wang Chuqin became the "four gold kings", and Sun Yingsha also won three gold medals, which proved that the two "post-00 s" were worthy of great responsibilities in the national table tennis team.

On October 2nd, Wang Chuqin celebrated his victory after the game. Xinhua News Agency reporter Liu Xushe

When talking about the concurrent experience, Sun Yingsha said: "Because the events I participate in are different, it is very important to change my energy during the day. For example, my position in mixed doubles and women’s doubles is different, which requires mental adjustment and strain."

In this Asian Games, Japan and South Korea are still the strongest opponents of table tennis.

The Japanese women’s team, which was composed entirely of "post-00 generation", played well, and staged a peak confrontation with the China women’s team in the team final, playing what Ma Lin, the head coach of the national table tennis women’s team, thought was "the most intense match in recent times". Hayata Hina, the number one Japanese women’s singles, was in a hot state. She defeated the second seed Wang Yidi of China 4-3 in the semi-final and lost to Sun Yingsha to win the silver medal in the final. 19-year-old Miyo Muhara and 15-year-old Benmei Zhang, together with this young partner, beat China’s Sun Yingsha/Manyu Wang in the women’s doubles quarter-final and finally won the bronze medal in the women’s doubles. There is no doubt that this young Japanese women’s team will be the strongest opponent of China women’s team in the future.

On October 1st, Hayata Hina was in the competition. Xinhua News Agency reporter Liu Xushe

Although there is no doubt about the strength of the Japanese men’s team, it seems that they have won the "quarter-finals" and "Iran team" in this competition. The men’s team was unexpectedly eliminated by Iran in the quarter-finals, while the only remaining Panasonic Daxing/and Chuan Ruiji lost to Iranian brothers Aramian/Aramian in the men’s doubles quarter-finals. Zhang Benzhihe, who had high hopes, first lost to China’s Lin Gaoyuan/Wang Yidi in the mixed doubles quarter-final with Hayata Hina, and then suffered a cramp in the men’s singles quarter-final, which was reversed. In the end, the Japanese men’s team ended the journey of the Asian Games.

In recent years, the Korean team has been deeply involved in doubles events and gained a lot in this Asian Games. Tian Zhixi/Shen Yubin won the gold medal in women’s doubles, Zhang Yuzhen/Lin Zhongxun won the silver medal in men’s doubles, and Lin Zhongxun/Shen Yubin and Zhang Yuzhen/Tian Zhixi won two bronze medals in mixed doubles for South Korea. Although the South Korean team, which is weak in singles, seems to be lame, it is expected to make a breakthrough in doubles and make a difference in the Paris Olympic Games.

In addition, some "non-traditional strong teams" have sprung up in this Asian Games and made historic breakthroughs. Aramian and Aramian, brothers, won the first bronze medal in men’s doubles in the Asian Games for Iran. The Iranian men’s team led by them eliminated the Japanese team and won the bronze medal in the men’s team again after 65 years. Indian women’s doubles Sutil Tower/Aisika won the first bronze medal of Indian women’s doubles in the Asian Games. The bronze medal of the Thai women’s team also created the history of table tennis in Thailand.

On September 26th, Iran, the third runner-up of men’s table tennis team in Hangzhou Asian Games, was on the podium. Xinhua News Agency reporter Liu Xushe

Petra Sorin, president of ITTF, said: "The table tennis competition in the Asian Games reflects the vigorous development of this sport in Asia. Table tennis is attracting more audiences with its energetic and exciting charm. "

The table tennis competition in Hangzhou Asian Games is not only a venue for table tennis players from various countries (regions) to compete for gold and silver, but also a stage for achieving legendary stories. Malone, the "four-dynasty veteran" of the Table Tennis Asian Games, made a full appearance in the team competition, and "sealed the opponent" five times. After the game, the sentence "This should be my last Asian Games" was a breakthrough. Iranian player Aramian and his teammates created Iranian table tennis history twice. He overcame the difficulties brought by hand diseases and the story of practicing backhand skills was moving …

After the Asian Games, Asian table tennis athletes have looked to Paris, expecting to fly their dreams in the Olympic Games and write a new history of Asian table tennis.

Source: Xinhua News Agency