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Basic knowledge of e-commerce: introduction of supply chain products

With the development of e-commerce, many people know that a very important competitiveness of enterprises lies in the supply chain, but what is the supply chain? Most articles on the Internet talk about some concepts, which makes it difficult for practitioners to implement them. This paper will talk about the understanding of e-commerce supply chain based on the author’s own experience, and welcome all interested parties to exchange and learn together.

Baidu Encyclopedia tells us: "Around the core enterprises, through the control of information flow, logistics and capital flow, starting from purchasing raw materials, intermediate products and final products are made, and finally the products are delivered to consumers by the sales network. It is a functional network chain model that connects suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers and end users as a whole. "

Simply put, it is the process of goods from [supplier] to [seller] to [demander]. Of course, there are many roles involved in this process, and these roles are interrelated and form a complex network model. An enterprise may play multiple roles in both supplier and seller, so the chain of supply chain will be shortened. Logistics, from [supplier] to [demander]; Capital flow from [demand side] to [supply side]; Information flow, various roles pass each other.

What is a good supply chain? My understanding is: better goods (quality and price), faster transportation, better service and better cost.

Most of the articles on the internet now make you feel particularly reasonable, as mentioned above, but after reading them, I still don’t know how to apply them to my products.

The design of e-commerce supply chain, the most important thing is based on business. There are many types of e-commerce business. Here, I will talk about my own understanding only for the most common business. There are many ways to classify e-commerce business. Here, we will explain e-commerce business from the perspective of commodity source, commodity sales and warehousing and distribution.

Source of goods: self-production, self-mining, investment promotion, etc. Self-production means that goods are produced by themselves, such as herbs; Self-mining refers to purchasing goods from suppliers, such as most of the goods of Netease koala; Merchants, merchants enter the platform for sale, such as Tmall.

Commodity sale: own platform, third-party platform, wholesale, etc. Own platform, refers to the development of their own platform to sell goods, such as Gegejia; Third-party platforms refer to opening stores for sale on third-party platforms, such as Tmall and JD.COM; Wholesale, the downstream of this business does not actually reach the consumer, and it may reach the consumer through other sellers many times, so it is listed separately, such as dolphin supply chain.

Warehouse delivery: Do you build your own warehouse and deliver the goods yourself?

Of course, most companies include the above businesses, such as Netease koala, and the sources of goods include self-mining and merchants’ settlement; Commodity sales include self-owned platforms and third-party platforms; Warehouse delivery, including self-built warehouses and cooperative warehouses, is the responsibility of third-party companies.

Let’s assume that the e-commerce business is as follows

Source of goods: self-mining;

Commodity sales: own platform;

Warehouse delivery: self-built warehouse, third-party company delivery.

Then the positive process of e-commerce supply chain products is roughly as follows:

  1. The supplier is the supplier, and the goods are originally in the supplier’s place;
  2. Enterprise system (ERP) establishes purchase orders through purchase plans, and collects goods from suppliers into its own warehouses;
  3. The warehouse system (WMS) manages the inventory of goods in the warehouse system through transport documents/receipt documents, associated purchase orders, or other warehousing methods;
  4. After the enterprise system (ERP) obtains the commodity information and inventory information, it transmits the commodity information to consumers through its own platform for commodity sales.
  5. After receiving the order information, the order system (OMS) processes the order (customer review, financial review, warehouse selection, opening and closing, etc.) and monitors the order. After the order is processed, push the order information to the corresponding warehouse; (The most direct experience of users to e-commerce enterprises is logistics, so the processing and monitoring of orders directly affect the user experience, including the "full link of orders" proposed by Tmall, which aims to improve the user experience here)
  6. After receiving the order information, WMS performs operations such as billing, sorting, inspection and delivery, and delivers the order to a third-party courier company for distribution.
  7. Goods reach consumers through express delivery.

There are several systems involved here. Let me explain the terms first:

  • ERPEnterprise Resource Planning, which mainly refers to the internal systems of the company, including procurement management, commodity management, marketing management, CRM, after-sales work order management, financial management, employee management, etc.
  • WMS: Warehouse Management System, which mainly refers to the system used inside the warehouse, including the management of warehousing, warehouse distribution and delivery (billing, picking, inspection, delivery, etc.).
  • OMS: Order Management System, which mainly refers to the operation and monitoring of orders, such as customer orders, financial review, warehouse selection, opening and closing orders, etc. Monitor and deal with all kinds of timeliness and anomalies of orders. OMS is also a part of ERP system conceptually. Because it is particularly important in the supply chain system, it is listed separately here.

Another common type of e-commerce business

Source of goods: merchants settle in;

Commodity sales: own platform;

Warehouse delivery: there is no self-built warehouse, and the third party company delivers the goods.

Then the positive process of e-commerce supply chain products is roughly as follows:

  1. As the supplier, the settled merchants initially have the goods there;
  2. The settled merchants release commodity information and manage commodity inventory through the merchant background system;
  3. Enterprise system (ERP) examines the commodity information of merchants, and manages and sells the commodities of merchants;
  4. After receiving the order information, the order system (OMS) processes the order (such as customer review, financial review, merchant selection, order splitting and order merging) and monitors the order. After the order is processed, push the order information to the corresponding merchant;
  5. The settled merchants get the order information through the merchant background system, and operate and deliver the order;
  6. Goods reach consumers.

An excellent e-commerce supply chain not only means that we can get good goods (quality and price) offline, but also requires the close and efficient cooperation of all the roles on the chain (suppliers, sellers, warehouses, etc.) and various online systems (ERP, OMS, WMS, TMS, merchant systems) in order to achieve faster distribution, better service and better cost. This should be the core of e-commerce enterprises.

E-commerce supply chain system is a complicated system. Today is the first day of 2017. Let’s write a big framework first, and strive to improve each part step by step this year. Welcome interested friends to communicate!

 

Author: nonsense, micro-signal: wangboforeversmile

This article was originally published by @ nonsense. Everyone is a product manager. Reprinting is prohibited without permission.

According to the micro-survey, 20% of more than 600 primary school students said that "they can only break up with their mobile phones for one day at most"

The child is staring at the mobile phone screen. Photo by reporter Jin Siliu

  At the beginning of school, Ms. Li, who lives in Jiangxia, Wuhan, "panicked". "The balance of the bank card is insufficient. When I checked the consumption flow, the 12,000 yuan in the card was all recharged by the children playing games to buy props."

  Ms. Li’s child is a "online game fan" this year. During the summer vacation, children play online games to kill time and buy equipment in the online game mall through WeChat coin purse. Ms. Li knows nothing about this.

  How do primary school students deal with APP in their leisure time? In the past few days, the reporter launched the "APP survey commonly used by primary school students in Wuhan" online and offline. As of 18: 00 on August 31, more than 600 valid questionnaires were collected, including 431 online surveys and 175 offline surveys. Statistics show that chatting, short videos and game apps have won a lot of "juvenile hearts".

  Nearly 60% of primary school students have exclusive mobile phones or iPad.

  According to this survey, 58.7% of primary school students have their own smart phones or iPads, and mobile phones or iPads have become "playmates" and "study companions" for many primary school students. 60.09% parents have time restrictions on their children’s use of electronic products such as mobile phones, 36.66% parents only allow their children to study, and only 3.25% parents have no restrictions on electronic products and can use them at any time.

  It is noteworthy that in this survey, 56.15% of primary school students said that they used their mobile phones or iPads for less than one hour every day, 35.5% used their mobile phones or iPads for 1-3 hours, 6.03% used their mobile phones or iPads for 3-5 hours, and 2.32% used their mobile phones or iPads for more than 5 hours every day. Experts generally recommend that children use electronic products for no more than one hour every day.

  Some primary school students said frankly.

  "You can only break up with your mobile phone for one day at most."

  In the survey "How long do you think you can live without your smartphone or iPad at most", 20.42% choose a day, 33.41% choose a week, 23.2% choose a month and 22.97% choose a year or more.

  "You can only break up with your mobile phone for one day at most!" A 10-year-old boy named "Mark" told reporters that he has his own iPad. Besides online classes, he also downloaded many commonly used apps and online games, such as WeChat, homework help, Tik Tok, Snake and Cool Dog Music. Parents stipulate that you should not use the iPad for more than one hour every day, but it is not strictly enforced on weekends and summer vacations. After a summer vacation, he felt that his eyesight had declined, but he was afraid to tell his parents.

  China Children’s Development Report (2019) released by China Children’s Center and Social Science Literature Publishing House on August 2019)— — Children’s life outside school shows that children spend an average of 43.24 minutes using electronic products every day on school days. It takes longer to use electronic products on weekends, with an average of 96.27 minutes.

  Excessive use of electronic products is not conducive to children’s physical and mental health. A survey shows that the longer children use electronic products, the lower their social skills and anti-frustration scores, and the higher their myopia.

  Chat, short video, game APP

  Won the "juvenile heart"

  In the "APP you use most often" option survey, 63.11% of the respondents checked "APP related to learning", accounting for the highest proportion. Followed by social apps such as QQ and WeChat, accounting for 61.72%; Short video apps such as Tik Tok and Aauto Quicker accounted for 37.82%, game apps such as the glory of the king accounted for 24.13%, and other apps accounted for 15.31%.

  Children put learning-related apps in the first place when filling out the questionnaire, but when the reporter actually investigated and visited, it was found that the latter three types of apps were the most interesting and used by children: social, short videos and games. China Child Development Report (2019)— — The Situation of Children’s Life Outside School also shows that children’s liking for watching Tik Tok, cartoons and Aauto Quicker for entertainment (4.19 points), playing online games and chatting online (4.00 points) has reached or even exceeded 4 points (out of 5 points).

  More than 30% of respondents occasionally brush short videos.

  Regarding "Do you pay attention to Tik Tok, Aauto Quicker, Volcano, bilibili and other short video apps", 47.33% choose "I know but I’m not interested", 36.43% choose "I pay attention to it and brush it occasionally", 10.9% choose "I brush it often and find it very interesting" and 5.34% choose "I not only brush it, but also try to upload it myself".

  It can be seen that short video has attracted more and more attention after the rapid development in recent years. The children interviewed all know short video apps such as Tik Tok and Aauto Quicker, and the proportion of using them for 1-3 hours every day has reached 15.55%.

  "According to your observation, what types of short videos do peers around you like to brush? In a survey, pupils’ responses mainly focused on five aspects, among which "parody in life" accounted for 54.99%, "entertainment circle related to idols" accounted for 34.34%, and "game explanation tutorial" accounted for 36.19%. However, "related to learning and professional skills" accounted for 37.35%, and "related to natural and cultural landscapes" accounted for 23.2%.

  In the item "Why did you start to brush short video apps", children said that they often saw them online, accounting for 33.41%; Secondly, "curious, take the initiative to use" accounted for 29.23%, "classmates often brush" accounted for 20.88%, and "parents often brush" accounted for 16.47%.

  Zhou Lina, a teacher of ideological and political course in Chongren Road Primary School, said that there are more and more APP softwares, which are constantly updated. Many softwares are helpful for children’s learning, which stimulate students’ interest in learning through entertaining, and the game mode meets children’s curiosity. However, for teenagers and even adults, we should have self-control. Parents need to set an example in front of their children, not to let their children drift, and not to ignore communication with them. It is suggested that we can accompany our children to study and discuss together, control the use time reasonably, pay attention to scientific use of eyes and protect our eyesight. In addition, the home and school closely cooperate to check the APPs used by children. Any app that contains pornographic violence, online games, commercial advertisements and other content and links, or uses exam-oriented education to increase students’ academic burden should be uninstalled.

  Luo Hongwen, the principal of Qipanjie Primary School in Wuchang District, believes that it is obviously unrealistic for new technologies to keep pouring in and affect students’ lives and blindly block them among children. To teach children to identify and use them reasonably, teachers and parents should also guide them in ways that children are willing to accept, thus effectively improving the quality of education. (Reporter Xiang Jie governs Yang Feng)

Oral: Zhang Liangsheng, researcher of Chinese Academy of Sciences: the first postgraduate exam in 1978.

[Editor’s note]What subjects were there in the college entrance examination 60 years ago? How was the postgraduate exam conducted 40 years ago? The Paper interviewed Mr. Zhang Liangsheng, a researcher at the Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and asked him to talk about two "big exams" in his life and his experiences and anecdotes in high energy physics research.

Zhang Liangsheng was born in June 1939 in Wuxi, Jiangsu. He participated in the college entrance examination in 1957 and entered the nuclear physics major of Nankai University. In 1978, he was admitted to the first postgraduate after the resumption of college entrance examination, and entered the Institute of High Energy Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, where he studied under Professor Zhang Wenyu, the founder of high energy experimental physics in China. Mr. Zhang Liangsheng devoted his life to the experimental research of high-energy physics in China.

Zhang Liangsheng is being interviewed.

Learn with one heart

Our family was very poor before liberation. My father was an apprentice at the age of 13 and worked as a clerk in a grocery store. Eldest brother is also about 13 years old (as an apprentice); The second brother is a little older and became an apprentice at the age of 16. After liberation, my father spent some money on a small stall, selling some soy sauce, salt and so on. He wanted to get rich.

My father asked me to inherit his career and run a small stall after I graduated from primary school. He taught me how to purchase goods, how to keep accounts and how to use abacus. I said I wouldn’t do this, but I had to go to school. Finally, my father and I reached an agreement. He said that if you were admitted to Wuxi No.1 Middle School, you would go to school. If you failed, you would work with me. No.1 Middle School is a public school, and the quality is very good. It doesn’t cost any money to get into No.1 Middle School, and there are state grants. As a result, I was admitted, and my father said, then go to school. At this time, it was just liberated, and tuition was free. Moreover, I applied for a grant after I went to school and went to high school.

I study very hard in middle school, and I like to study hard at ordinary times. I read my brother’s middle school physics book in primary school and was very interested. Once a classmate pulled a roller to repair the playground. The roller got stuck in the pit and couldn’t be pulled. He asked me what to do. I said you turned it upside down, pulled it back, and then jerked it forward and rushed over. They did it according to my method.

I took the college entrance examination in 1957, which was the most difficult one before the "Cultural Revolution". I was very stuck, and I volunteered before the exam. I’m afraid I won’t get into Tsinghua Peking University, so I’m conservative and applied for Nankai University. When I was in high school, I chose science. I took seven courses in Chinese, mathematics, foreign languages, politics, physics, chemistry and biology in the college entrance examination, and I got 96 points in physics. If I applied for Peking University, I could get into it.

In 1957, Zhang Liangsheng was photographed when he graduated from high school.

I studied nuclear physics in the physics department of Nankai University for five years. At that time, universities were all five years. Graduated in 1962, then stayed in school to tutor the basic course of nuclear physics, and then came to Lanzhou University, where he was promoted from a teaching assistant to a lecturer.

Want to go to Lanzhou to do something.

On October 16, 1964, our country exploded the first atomic bomb. At that time, the Ministry of Higher Education had planned to concentrate on two places in the north to engage in nuclear physics and radiochemistry, one was the Department of Physics of Peking University, and the other was the Department of Modern Physics of Lanzhou University, because Lanzhou was in the northwest and close to the nuclear test site. The Ministry of Higher Education intends to move some majors in nuclear physics and radiochemistry from Nankai University and Shandong University to the Department of Modern Physics of Lanzhou University.

Nankai took active action. In the summer of 1965, all the teachers, students and equipment of nuclear physics and radiochemistry were moved to Lanzhou. In order to move these equipment, the Ministry of Railways also specially prepared a special train, and the whole train was loaded with instruments and equipment.

There are about 100 students and teachers in the two classes going to Nankai. When moving, let everyone go home first, and then go to Lanzhou to concentrate, so everyone will arrive in Lanzhou early and late. I arrived in Lanzhou on August 23rd, and I was the first one to arrive in Lanzhou. At that time, I was in a state of mind, hoping to see what Lanzhou was like, hoping to do something in Lanzhou.

At that time, the whole country was preparing for war, and Lanzhou University had professional knowledge and technical conditions. The Lanzhou Military Region hoped to equip the PLA with some equipment for detecting nuclear radiation. The two sides hit it off, and we helped them to make a device called "automatic gamma ray alarm device". After the nuclear explosion, the gamma rays would whir to a certain extent, and the response was not bad. Later, a "automatic gamma ray recorder" was further developed, which was a little more advanced. It will record the intensity of gamma rays after the nuclear explosion by itself, and it has a wide range. It has four gears and will automatically shift gears as a daily monitor in the chief’s room to see if the radiation exceeds the standard. Later, these two devices won four awards at the National Science Conference in 1978, one was the Science Conference Award, the other was the Ministry of Chemical Defense, the Gansu Provincial Science and Technology Progress Award, and the other was the Lanzhou Military Region Award.

The other is to participate in nuclear tests. I won’t say much about this, but I have to keep it a secret. At that time, I also went to the proving ground. The school sent two people, one was me, who was engaged in nuclear physics, and the other was engaged in radiochemistry, both of whom were from Nankai University. However, we didn’t wear radiation masks, long boots and lead clothes like others, and after finishing half a bucket of sweat, it wasn’t that bad. We just tested gamma rays in the house, which was still a certain distance from the central area of the nuclear explosion, and it wasn’t as hard as their first line.

I also went to factories and rural areas to attend classes while taking part in labor. At that time, I chose three teachers, and I was one of them. I took a class of students to Xi ‘an 262 Factory to "open a school", where I gave them technical lessons. After I came back, the factory sent people to Lanzhou and invited me to give lectures to the students of 721 University in their factory. 721 University was very common at that time, which was equivalent to an enterprise university. Because enterprises should have their own technical talents, in order to cultivate talents, they chose some workers from the factory, did not study full-time, and hired teachers from outside to respond to Chairman Mao’s "721 instruction" and learn to work, learn agriculture and learn the army.

The level of students of workers, peasants and soldiers is uneven, some don’t understand, some don’t have enough to eat, so we should take care of everyone when teaching and be relatively relaxed when graduating. Teachers are also urging teachers to learn, so I have never given up my major. Moreover, in the late period of the "Cultural Revolution", the atmosphere on campus began to love reading. There are also some old intellectual families. Although the state does not attach importance to it, there are still some wishes and practical actions for children to learn. There is a kind of person who always has a desire to pursue knowledge no matter what social environment.

I also keep a hope that one day the country will be normal, and it can’t go on like this forever. There has been no enrollment for ten years. What will the country do after that? How can we do it when everyone is illiterate? I think the normal enrollment of college entrance examination will be resumed one day.

The First Postgraduate Examination after the Cultural Revolution

At the beginning of 1978, I was taking part in a nuclear test in our country when I knew I wanted to recruit graduate students. There were many people who took part in the nuclear test that time, and everyone communicated with each other. I heard the news of recruiting graduate students, but I didn’t know it in detail. Because the national college entrance examination for undergraduates was resumed in 1977, it was not surprising at all to get the news of resuming postgraduate recruitment, which was expected.

The Admissions Office in Lanzhou is located in a school in the city. I learned that it is really necessary to recruit graduate students, and the age range has expanded to 40, and my age is also included. I am very happy and feel that I have finally had a chance after waiting for so many years. The recruitment method is basically the same, that is, the process of registration, written examination and re-examination.

I came back and prepared an inch of photos, so I went to register. When you register, you should give the photo to the Admissions Office. After that, it will be posted. I went to see it, and it has my name, so that the formal registration is successful. After I signed up, I got an admission ticket, which I still have.

Admission ticket

There is basically no time to review before the exam. On the one hand, I have to work, and on the other hand, I have two children to take care of. It is because of my physical skills in college and my interest to take the exam. After the "Cultural Revolution", the country was not ready for the first postgraduate exam, but just wanted to open it, so there was neither an exam outline nor exam materials, and they were all in a hurry.

The formal exam is also in the school where I signed up. It seems that there is only one test center in Lanzhou, and there are only twenty or thirty people in an examination room. I am one of the oldest in it. I remember that my position is next to the north wall, the penultimate row. The exam is a table for one person, which is relatively apart to prevent looking at each other. There are two or three invigilators, the admission ticket is on the table, and the invigilators should check the photos so as not to be replaced by others.

In the middle of the exam, everyone is generally more disciplined and cherish this opportunity. During the "Cultural Revolution", some people basically lost everything they studied and did something else. Even if you asked him to take the exam, he didn’t have the heart to take it. However, there are still a small number of people who haven’t left their studies for so many years and hope to resume the exam one day. These people who took the exam basically belong to this category, that is, they usually study hard and have some foundations, so it is not easy to have such an opportunity, so they didn’t cheat in the exam.

I’m not too nervous during the exam. I think I’ll do whatever I get in the exam. I want to keep my mood relaxed. At that time, I took three exams, one political course, one foreign language course and one specialized course. My specialized course was high-energy physics, and I got 95 points.

I felt very uncomfortable when I took the physics exam. I still remember the general content, saying that there was a ball, and particles were emitted from the surface of the ball, and at the same time the ball fell. I asked how long it would take for the ball to fall in a vacuum. I think the conditions of this question are confused. If particles are sprayed in one direction, just like jets or rockets, they are different from spraying in all directions. If particles are sprayed in all directions, it is necessary to know how big, how much and how fast the particles are, and the results are different. These conditions were not given, so I simplified it at that time. After the exam, I always thought that there was something wrong with this question, so I wrote a letter to Gao Neng Institute, in which I wrote my calculations and some ideas. When I went to the High Energy Institute for a second interview, I heard that this question was cancelled. They might think it was reasonable after reading my letter. This question was simply left out, so I asked where I was wrong. They checked it for me and said that I didn’t have a particularly big mistake, that is, one point was deducted. Anyway, there were some omissions. In some places, the answer was incomplete, not a big problem, and finally I got 95 points.

The political examination is mainly about current events, such as the destruction of the Gang of Four, which brought the national economy to the brink of collapse. It was mainly based on the accumulation of reading newspapers and listening to the radio at ordinary times. At that time, everyone paid close attention to some political trends and knew about general state affairs.

There are some questions in the English exam that are similar to Shakespeare’s translation, and there are no textbooks, that is, I always read some English materials, and I go to attend the English class at school, and I read some physics journals in English, so I have never abandoned them. Besides, it was not difficult to do the first exam in good conscience.

After the written test, I wasn’t sure whether I could get in. At that time, the institute of high energy recruited 20 people, but hundreds of people signed up and later told me to go to Beijing for a second interview. At this time, I was a little sure in my heart. At that time, it happened that my wife was steaming steamed buns. I grabbed two steamed buns and left with a bag of paper, because the two steamed buns were still hot and covered, and I had diarrhea after eating them.

During the interview, I was asked why I took the postgraduate exam, why I took the high-quality college exam, and what I had done before. I chose the high-energy physics major of Chinese Academy of Sciences. One reason is that after I stayed in Nankai University, I was sent to the Institute of High Energy for a period of time. After that, I hope to go to the Institute of High Energy in the future. Another reason is that after the "Cultural Revolution", Deng Xiaoping made up his mind to grasp high-energy physics, and found more than 100 high-energy physics students from all over the country, and concentrated on recruiting them to Beijing, which was unprecedented in history, because it was very difficult to enter Beijing, but later I couldn’t be directly transferred to Beijing, so I had to enter the Institute of High Energy Studies of the Chinese Academy of Sciences by examination. I just like physics and want to study it all my life.

Later, someone asked me if you would like to be a graduate student of Director Zhang Wenyu, and I said of course I would. Zhang Wenyu is the first director of the Institute of High Energy Physics, and he has done pioneering work in muon atomic physics in the world. When Li Zhengdao and Yang Zhenning won the Nobel Prize, the state sent him to Sweden to do their work, and Yang Zhenning also publicly stated that Zhang Wenyu was his mentor.

Shortly after the interview, I received a letter saying that you have been officially admitted as a graduate student of Professor Zhang Wenyu. I was very excited after receiving the letter. I used to hear and see it in the illustrated newspaper on the radio. Now the relationship is so close, I went to the reference room of our department to find the relevant pictures. People’s Pictorial has a picture of Mr. Zhang Wenyu. I studied it for a long time and thought about it. I was very happy at that time.

In the summer of 1981, Zhang Liangsheng and his tutor Professor Zhang Wenyu (right) took a group photo in front of the main building of High Energy Institute.

When Lanzhou University took the exam as a lecturer, five people were admitted to each applicant. On September 29th, Lanzhou University held a school committee, which was equivalent to the highest-level meeting. At the meeting, it was discussed that five people were admitted to graduate schools, and Lanzhou University, as a school, would not let people go. Finally, it was considered that this was a major national policy and agreed to let people go and study with pay.

I joined the work in 1962, and by 1978, I had been waiting for 16 years. I was 39 years old when I took the exam. This was a very rare opportunity, and I seized it. By the second year, I was stuck.

Graduate student with Mr. Zhang Wenyu

After I arrived in Beijing, I studied basic courses first. I was old and my brain was failing. It was very difficult to learn. Other students were playing outside, so I studied in the house. People came back to see me studying there after playing, always sitting, always studying.

After finishing the basic course, I did my graduation thesis. At that time, there was no high-energy accelerator in our country, so it was not necessary to do high-energy physics experiments. Mr. Zhang Wenyu suggested that I do the work of high-energy detector-multi-wire detector, which is to detect the tracks of microscopic particles invisible to the naked eye.

Professor Zhang Wenyu particularly emphasized the need to do experiments. He said that "experiments are the basis of theory and the source of knowledge". He himself published an article in People’s Daily stressing the importance of experiments. Don’t sit there all day dreaming and don’t do practical things. He particularly emphasized this point. According to Zhang Wenyu’s teaching, I started from the basic things, including how to punch holes, how to draw wires, how to glue, how to package, how to ventilate, how to measure, how to record data, and finally analyze and write papers. These are all done by myself, and the experimental results are published in High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics.

On this basis, I also quantitatively explained a new international experimental result, that is, the experimental group directed by Professor Xia Pake, who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1992, used the "multi-step avalanche chamber" filled with argon gas to let a high-intensity charged particle beam pass through it and make it run at a high counting rate, thus obtaining the breakdown data of the "multi-step avalanche chamber" when it was running at a high counting rate. They didn’t give a quantitative explanation for the result themselves, but only gave a qualitative explanation. I have a different view, so I established an equation for quantitative calculation. The calculation results confirmed my assumption that the decay life of the substances accumulated near the anode wire in the multi-step avalanche chamber is consistent with the metastable life of argon, which shows that the metastable state of argon plays a decisive role. After my explanation was published at home and abroad, an experimental group of Kyushu University in Japan made an experiment by experts to test whether my explanation was reasonable or that of Professor M.Atac in the United States. The experimental results supported my explanation and called it "Zhang Model".

In 1992, at CERN, Zhang Liangsheng (left) congratulated Xia Pake (right), winner of the 1992 Nobel Prize in Physics.

After the thesis defense, everyone thought that my level was higher than that of the master’s degree. An international experimental result was not explained correctly. I explained it quantitatively, but it was not appropriate to give it to my doctor directly, because our high-energy institute trained experimental high-energy physics, and I engaged in detectors, which are also in the category of high-energy physics, but there are still some differences when we talk about it carefully. The institute wanted me to continue my PhD, but my wife and I were separated, and I still had a child at that time. This situation made me stay for a few more years, which was really not good. I told the company that it was difficult to separate at home. So he graduated in 1981 and assigned work according to his master’s degree.

Dedicated to the research of high-energy physics all his life.

There have been many schemes or ideas for high-energy accelerators in China. There is a saying called "eight ups and seven downs", one of which was presided over by Premier Zhou during the Cultural Revolution. The scheme was put forward, and all the money was available, and it was ready to be done. As a result, the Gang of Four made trouble and failed to make it. It was called "eight ups and seven downs".

In 1978, Deng Xiaoping made up his mind to do it, and put forward a plan, namely the ring accelerator, which made a name for itself. After exploring the terrain in the Ming Tombs, he dismounted. The reason for dismounting this time was that the pace was too big and the national economy could not support it.

Later, Professor Li Zhengdao proposed an electron-positron collider to accelerate positrons and negative electrons respectively and focus them on one point for collision. Of course, the collision is worse than hitting a static target, and the electron itself is relatively small in mass, which is relatively easy to do. Everyone agrees to use the electron collision method. Finally, this project was completed. The state awarded a grand prize and held an award ceremony in Huairentang, Zhongnanhai. I was one of the winners in it, and the certificate was signed by Premier Li Peng at that time.

Zhang Liangsheng’s award certificate

In 1984, Professor Ding Zhaozhong came to China to recruit students to engage in high-energy physics experiments in the Mark-Jay Group in West Germany. Ten people were found in the high-energy institute and asked to review before taking the exam. Two of them did not take the exam, and only one of the remaining eight people was admitted. Later, I recruited another batch, and this time I was recruited, and I was admitted alone; Later, I took the exam twice, and two more people were admitted. Ding Zhaozhong took several of our admitted students to Beijing Hotel for an interview, which was mainly about high-energy experimental physics. He asked me about "proton decay", and I replied that according to the "grand unification" theory, "baryon number" and "lepton number" are no longer conserved quantities, so protons can decay. Only by answering this sentence, he felt satisfied. He asked his mind to be clear and not verbose. The more you talk, the more confused you are, which means that you don’t understand. Simply point out the most critical points and he will know that you know the problem. So I went to West Germany in 1985.

In 1985, Zhang Liangsheng (first from the right) took a group photo with Ding Zhaozhong (second from the right) in the MARK-J group.

At the end of 1992, I was once again sent to work in a European nuclear research center for more than a year. After I came back, I worked in a high-energy institute until I retired. After I finished my studies, I made a contribution to my country.

High-energy physics is widely used in reality, and the Internet is one of them. At CERN, there was a group mainly engaged in the transmission of high-energy data. On this basis, a concept of high-energy network was gradually developed, and this concept gradually became the Internet. With the advice and help of Professor Li Zhengdao, the Internet established by our country with foreign countries through the Institute of High Energy is also for the purpose of transmitting high-energy experimental data. With this foundation, our country has invested heavily in developing the Internet, and China has a large population, a large base and a scale effect, so the Internet has developed rapidly in China, which is still very advanced internationally. Our country’s high-energy physics is now in the international leading position in some aspects.

In retrospect, taking the first postgraduate exam after the resumption of the college entrance examination was an opportunity for me to change my fate, and it was also the only opportunity for many students after ten years of interruption of the exam during the Cultural Revolution. Ten years of "Cultural Revolution", ten years of fault, talent training was abandoned in the "Cultural Revolution". Restoring the college entrance examination made everyone feel that there was hope and a way. They could gain a sense of accomplishment through their own efforts and have their own glory in it at a certain stage. This is a good thing that benefits the country and the people, and it is a major move after the country is on the right track.

If a country wants to stand on the top of the world, it must have world-class leading talents. Everything in exam-oriented education is to cope with exams, cramming and memorizing, which stifles learning enthusiasm. We should encourage everyone to study hard, have their own opinions, give full play to their strengths, be active and creative, have a strong thirst for knowledge and interest, and don’t become an examination machine.

Open up a new realm of Marxism in China and show the theoretical character of keeping pace with the times

  The Communist Party of China (CPC) is a Marxist political party, and keeping pace with the times is the theoretical character of Marxism. The party constitution Amendment adopted by the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China established the Supreme Leader’s New Era Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought as our party’s action guide, and realized the party’s guiding ideology to keep pace with the times again. Comrade Supreme Leader pointed out in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China: "We must keep up with the times in theory, constantly understand the laws, and constantly promote theoretical innovation, practical innovation, institutional innovation, cultural innovation and other aspects of innovation". The theoretical character of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought’s keeping pace with the times in the new era has been fully demonstrated in carrying out great struggles, building great projects, advancing great undertakings and realizing great dreams.

  The theoretical character of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought’s keeping pace with the times in the new era is highlighted in the great struggle. The great historical process of revolution, construction and reform led by our Party is closely integrated with the great historical process of China Marxism promoted by our Party. In this process, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, Theory of Three Represents, Scientific Outlook on Development and the Supreme Leader’s New Era Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought came into being. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the Communist Party of China (CPC) has been faced with the historical task of carrying out a great struggle with many new historical features. The background, space, field and concrete form of these struggles are different from those in the past. Aiming at highlighting contradictions and solving practical problems, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has made in-depth thinking and innovation on how to deal with major challenges, resist major risks, overcome major obstacles and solve major contradictions, and has formed a series of theoretical innovations, which constitute an organic part of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era. It can be seen that the great struggle promotes theoretical innovation, and the achievements of theoretical innovation guide us to successfully carry out the great struggle.

  The theoretical character of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought’s keeping pace with the times in the new era is highlighted in the great construction project. Ideological construction is the basic construction of the party. To build the Party stronger, we must arm our minds with the Party’s innovative theory, constantly cultivate communist party people’s spiritual homeland, and keep the Party’s advanced nature and purity forever. Undoubtedly, promoting the new great project of party building will inevitably call for more theoretical innovations and greater theoretical breakthroughs. With theoretical innovation as the fulcrum, the new great project of party building will surely open up a new situation and win new victories. Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era has enriched and developed the Marxist theory of party building, and provided a scientific guide for the realization of managing the party well, effectively and effectively. At present, it is necessary to arm the whole Party with Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era, make up calcium and strengthen bones for party member and cadres, strengthen the foundation and cultivate the yuan, promote the comprehensive and strict management of the Party, continuously improve the quality of Party building, and ensure that the Party will always be the strong leadership core of the cause of Socialism with Chinese characteristics.

  The theoretical character of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought’s keeping pace with the times in the new era is highlighted in advancing the great cause. Socialism in China has experienced great development from ideal to reality, from concept to system, from goal to road. It is in this historical process that the Communist Party of China (CPC) grew up, and it is in this historical process that Marxism realized China. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, we have made all-round and groundbreaking historic achievements and achieved profound and fundamental historic changes. After long-term efforts, Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era. The new era puts forward new topics, and new topics give birth to new theories. With great political courage and strong responsibility, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has systematically answered the important issues of what kind of Socialism with Chinese characteristics and how to adhere to and develop Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era from the combination of theory and practice, providing scientific theoretical guidance for adhering to and developing Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.

  The theoretical character of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought’s keeping pace with the times in the new era is manifested in the realization of great dreams. Since modern times, the Chinese nation has made a historic leap from standing up, becoming rich and becoming strong. Contemporary China is closer, more confident and capable of realizing the dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation than at any time in history. Undoubtedly, only when China becomes strong not only economically, politically, militarily and technologically, but also materially, spiritually, culturally and ideologically, can the Chinese nation achieve a complete national rejuvenation. Great times call for great theories, and great practice breeds great theories. Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era is the inheritance and development of Marxism–Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory, Theory of Three Represents and Scientific Outlook on Development, and the latest achievement of Marxism in China, which guides the whole party and people to make unremitting efforts to realize the Chinese dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

  There is no end to practice, and there is no end to theoretical innovation. In contemporary China, upholding and developing Marxism is not only a theoretical mission, but also a political mission. It is precisely because of advancing with the times in basic theory and guiding ideology that all the work of our party can reflect the times, grasp the regularity, be creative, and show inexhaustible creative vitality. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the cause of the Party and the state has opened up a new prospect in an all-round way, which lies in the flag-raising orientation and strategic planning of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, and in the scientific guidance of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era.

  Every step forward in theoretical innovation, theoretical armed forces will follow. To realize the historical mission of the Party in the new era, to take charge of great struggles, great projects, great undertakings and great dreams, to win the victory in building a well-off society in an all-round way and to win the great victory of Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era, we must arm the whole Party, guide practice and promote work with Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era.

  (The author is Yu Wenli, vice president and professor of Peking University Institute of Marxism)

Old movies are not "old", and "Hello, Brother" has a long battery life at the box office.

Special feature of 1905 film network The National Day file closed, and the "combat value" of each box office was released.Among them, withWan Li’s ReturnRepresented by the new film accounted for nearly 90%, becoming the main force at the box office. At the same time,"Hello, Brother" and "New God List: Yang Jian"Old films, etc., also show good box office endurance, accounting for 12% of the box office.


In recent years, the phenomenon of old films returning has appeared in various golden files to varying degrees. The old film here refers to the film whose premiere date is more than one week away from the opening date of the schedule.


According to the statistics of Cat’s Eye Professional Edition, during the period from 2019 to 2022 (except 2020), the box office of old movies on New Year’s Day accounted for 28%, 1% and 12% respectively, the Dragon Boat Festival was 6%, 15% and 44% respectively, and the Mid-Autumn Festival was 13%, 24% and 29% respectively. 


The excellent quality of film content, obvious differences in genre and other factors have become the secret of the long-lasting box office endurance of old films. The old and new films are on the same stage, which also gives the audience more choices.


01.Old movies are not "old"


"For films like" Hello, Brother "and" New God List: Yang Jian ",we found that there were still many viewers watching them during the eleventh period, so we increased some times accordingly according to the actual attendance of the films, or adjusted the whole digit and time period appropriately." In an interview with the media, Yu Chao, executive deputy general manager of Capital Cinema, said so. During the eleventh period, old films were still within the range of many viewers’ choices.


In the top ten of the National Day box office in 2022, the number of new and old films on the list was seven and three respectively.



In the new film, The Return of Wan Li earned 1.024 billion yuan at the box office, contributing nearly 70% of the box office, making it a well-deserved box office champion of the National Day. The film is not only the 99th member of the Billion Box Office Club of China Film History, but also the first billion box office work in the director’s career.


In the old films, the box office of "Hello, Brother" and "New God List: Yang Jian" in Moon Man was from high to low, with 78.58 million yuan, 47.32 million yuan and 32.59 million yuan respectively. Under the blessing of the National Day file, the cumulative box office of the first two works exceeded 400 million and 500 million respectively.


These three old films are obviously different from the new ones, which has become one of the important factors for them to take advantage of the box office bonus.


Among them, Moon Man’s Hello Brother belongs to a typical Mahua FunAge-style comedy. No matter the main lineup or narrative style, there are many similarities between the two films, and they are full of laughter. This is different from the new film with plot elements in the schedule.


Although the times are constantly changing, comedies are always just needed by the audience. In the early stage of the Spring Festival in 2021, the comedy films with average quality only made a box office of 235 million yuan by virtue of genre differences.



As an adult-oriented animated film, the New God List: Yang Jian and other new films with low orientation such as New Big Head Son and Little Head Dad 5: My Alien Friends in the schedule have a low overlap rate in the audience. The former is dominated by young audiences, while the latter is dominated by young parents and school-age parents.


These two kinds of animated films have made their own gains in the National Day archives. "New Big Head Son and Little Head Dad 5" took 66.793 million yuan at the box office and became the top animated movie ticket. "New God List: Yang Jian" was the runner-up with a box office of 47.32 million yuan.



Online quality has also become one of the collective characteristics of old films that have achieved good box office results in prime time. The average score of douban reached 6.4 points for the three old films with excellent box office performance in the National Day file.


In the Mid-Autumn Festival of 2022 (from September 10th to September 12th), Moon Man, the "New God List: Yang Jian", became the runner-up and the third runner-up in the box office list due to its excellent content quality. With the help of two films, the box office of old films accounted for 29% in this period.


In 2022, the Qingming file, which was released for more than two months, ranked among the TOP10 at the box office. Excellent content quality and fine visual effects make the film show super box office endurance.


In addition, the relaxed schedule environment is also a necessary condition for old films to play. Under the superposition of these internal and external favorable factors, the phenomenon of old film reflow continues to occur.


02.Reflux has a "priority"


In the head golden file and waist golden file, the phenomenon of old film reflow is divided into "urgent and slow".


According to the past statistical results, among the Spring Festival and National Day files of the seven-day legal holidays, the box office of old movies usually accounts for about 1%. As we all know, these two big head golden files usually have a large number of new films, and it is difficult for old films to have a foothold.


This is most obvious in the Spring Festival file.According to statistics, during the Spring Festival from 2014 to 2021, the box office of old movies accounted for about 1%. Huge publicity expenses, ticket supplements starting at 100 million yuan, etc., have become the box office moat of new films in the Spring Festival. This is also the main reason why the market is easy to form a new film "vacuum" zone in the early stage of the Spring Festival.


During the three-day holiday, the phenomenon of old films reflowing is relatively obvious. As the data mentioned at the beginning of the article shows, between 2020 and 2022, the average proportion of box office of old movies in New Year’s Day, Dragon Boat Festival and Mid-Autumn Festival was 21.6%, 21.6% and 22% respectively.



In addition, the phenomenon of old films reflow is more likely to occur between the golden periods with close time intervals.


For example, the "New God List: Yang Jian" released at the end of the summer file in 2022, in the Mid-Autumn Festival file in early September, also became the runner-up at the box office with 39.6562 million yuan; The Mid-Autumn Festival ticket crown "Hello, Brother" also squeezed into the top three box office in the National Day file.



The length of the release time has become a key factor to determine the level of the box office of the old film.


In 2022, the National Day old films were among the top three at the box office, and the release time of "Hello, Brother" and "New God List: Yang Jian" in Moon Man was from near to far, which echoed the box office from high to low. For many viewers who are busy with their daily work, it is the best time to catch up on old movies when they are in the prime time of legal holidays.



In addition, the reprinting of classic old films in off-season is also a routine operation to enrich the audience’s viewing choices and enhance the market popularity. In mid-July, 2020, at the beginning of the orderly resumption of the China mainland film market, Mermaid and many other classic old films became the pioneers of warm-up.


At present, Wan Li’s Way Home, which is showing a good reputation, is also expected to extend its popularity to the Lunar New Year file. At present, the annual box office of China film market has exceeded 27.3 billion. Under the new and old films, this number will continue to climb.


Notice of the General Office of Beijing Municipal People’s Government on Printing and Distributing the Project of Promoting Domestic Waste Treatment in Beijing in 2010

Beijing Zhengban Fa [2010] No.15

The people’s governments of the districts and counties, the commissions, offices and bureaus of the municipal government, and the municipal institutions:

  With the consent of the municipal government, we hereby print and distribute the passbook project of promoting domestic garbage disposal in Beijing in 2010 to you. Please cooperate closely with relevant units, pay close attention to the organization and implementation, and ensure that the task is completed on schedule.

  May 5, 2010  

In 2010, Beijing will promote the passbook project of domestic waste treatment.

  First, speed up the construction of garbage disposal facilities and promote the pollution control of existing facilities.

  1。 Advance the preliminary work of Chaoyang District Domestic Waste Comprehensive Treatment Plant and Kitchen Waste Treatment Plant (Phase II).

  Main responsible unit: Chaoyang District Government

  Co-organizers: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Planning Commission, Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau and Municipal Appearance Committee.

  2。 Complete the feasibility study of Haidian District Domestic Waste Comprehensive Treatment Plant and Kitchen Waste Treatment Plant for approval; Complete the pollution control work of Liulitun landfill.

  Main responsible unit: Haidian District Government

  Co-organizers: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources, Municipal Planning Commission, Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau and Municipal Appearance Commission.

  3。 The wet decomposition project and the kitchen waste treatment project in Fengtai District started construction.

  Main responsible unit: Fengtai District Government

  Co-organizers: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources, Municipal Planning Commission, Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau and Municipal Appearance Commission.

  4。 Construction of comprehensive domestic waste treatment plants in Pinggu District and Miyun County started.

  Main responsible units: Pinggu District and Miyun County Government.

  Co-organizers: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources, Municipal Planning Commission, Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau and Municipal Appearance Commission.

  5。 Carry out the preliminary work for the construction of biomass energy plants in northwest and southwest Beijing. Main responsible units: Haidian District and Mentougou District Governments.

  Co-organizers: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources, Municipal Planning Commission, Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Commission and Municipal Appearance Commission.

  6。 Shunyi District Domestic Waste Incineration Plant (Phase II) started construction.

  Main responsible unit: Shunyi District Government

  Co-organizers: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources, Municipal Planning Commission, Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau and Municipal Appearance Commission.

  7。 Complete the project establishment and land acquisition work of Liangjiawu Domestic Waste Comprehensive Treatment Center (Phase I).

  Main responsible units: Tongzhou District Government and Municipal Appearance Committee.

  Co-organizers: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources, Municipal Planning Commission and Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau.

  8。 The kitchen waste treatment projects in Dongcheng, Xicheng, Shijingshan, Mentougou, Fangshan, Shunyi, Changping, Miyun and Yanqing started construction.

  Main responsible unit: relevant district and county governments.

  Co-organizers: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources, Municipal Planning Commission, Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau and Municipal Appearance Commission.

  9。 We will promote the construction of six relatively concentrated resource treatment stations for kitchen, fruits and vegetables and garden waste.

  Main responsible units: Chongwen District, Chaoyang District, Haidian District, Shijingshan District Government and City Park Management Center.

  Co-organizers: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources, Municipal Planning Commission, Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Commission, Municipal Appearance Commission and Municipal Landscaping Bureau.

  10。 Carry out the preliminary work of Asuwei circular economy park and the construction of Asuwei domestic waste incineration plant.

  Main responsible units: Changping District Government and Municipal Appearance Committee.

  Co-organizers: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources, Municipal Planning Commission, Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Commission and Beijing Electric Power Company.

  Eleven. Promote the construction of Nangong Domestic Waste Incineration Plant.

  Main responsible units: Daxing District Government and Municipal Appearance Committee.

  Co-organizers: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources, Municipal Planning Commission and Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau.

  Two, promote the source classification of garbage, increase the recycling of renewable resources.

  Twelve. The annual domestic waste output in the eight districts of the city has achieved zero growth, and the growth rate in the outer suburbs has been controlled below 10%.

  Main responsible unit: district and county governments

  Co-organizers: Municipal Municipal Appearance Committee and Municipal Statistics Bureau.

  Thirteen. 600 residential areas have reached the standard of garbage classification, realizing classified collection, transportation and treatment. Promote the waste classification standards of party and government organs and schools in Beijing.

  Main responsible unit: district and county governments

  Co-organizers: Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Committee, Municipal Appearance Committee and Municipal Commerce Committee.

  14。 Promote the renovation and construction of equipment and facilities for classified collection, transportation and storage of garbage such as closed cleaning stations, and adopt energy-saving and environmentally-friendly vehicles for classified collection and transportation of garbage.

  Main responsible unit: district and county governments

  Co-organizers: Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Municipal Public Security Bureau, Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal Planning Commission, Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, Municipal Appearance Commission, Municipal Transportation Commission and Municipal Quality Supervision Bureau.

  Fifteen. Popularize the experience of "household classification" of garbage in 92 towns and villages, and build equipment and facilities for garbage collection, transportation, treatment and resource recovery.

  Main responsible units: Chaoyang District, Haidian District, Fengtai District, Mentougou District, Fangshan District, Tongzhou District, Shunyi District, Changping District, Daxing District, Pinggu District, Huairou District, Miyun County and Yanqing County Governments.

  Co-organizers: Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal Planning Commission, Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, Municipal Appearance Commission, Municipal Agriculture Commission and Municipal Commerce Commission.

  16。 300 recycling stations and 2 sorting centers for renewable resources will be built in Chengba District.

  Main responsible unit: Municipal Commission of Commerce

  Co-organizers: Chengba District Government, Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Public Security Bureau, Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Committee, Municipal Appearance Committee and Municipal Administration for Industry and Commerce.

  Three, standardize the management of construction waste, promote the construction of resource reuse facilities.

  17。 Implement the "Green Construction Management Regulations" and strengthen the management of muck in the construction site.

  Main responsible unit: Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Committee

  Co-organizers: district and county governments, municipal environmental protection bureau, municipal quality supervision bureau and municipal urban management and law enforcement bureau.

  18。 Study and formulate investment policies for construction waste treatment facilities to promote the resource utilization of recycled products.

  Main responsible unit: Municipal Development and Reform Commission

  Co-organizers: Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal Planning Commission, Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Commission and Municipal Appearance Commission.

  19。 Carry out the pilot work of comprehensive utilization of construction waste.

  Main responsible units: Municipal Appearance Committee, Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Construction Committee.

  Co-organizers: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources, Municipal Planning Commission and Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau.

  Four, strengthen the supervision of garbage disposal, increase policy support.

  20。 The harmless treatment rate of domestic garbage in the eight districts of the city and the suburban counties reached 99% and 85% respectively.

  Main responsible unit: district and county governments

  Co-organizers: Municipal Municipal Appearance Committee and Municipal Statistics Bureau.

  21 to carry out the preliminary work of the construction of the supervision system for the operation of garbage disposal facilities.

  Main responsible units: Municipal Development and Reform Commission, Municipal Economic Information Commission and Municipal Appearance Commission.

  Co-organizers: Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau and relevant district and county governments.

  22。 Accelerate the formulation of supporting policies such as investment in circular economy parks.

  Main responsible unit: Municipal Development and Reform Commission

  Co-organizers: Municipal Finance Bureau, Municipal Bureau of Land and Resources, Municipal Planning Commission and Municipal Appearance Commission.  

       23。 According to the requirements of the garbage disposal regulation and accounting platform, the payment of the benchmark fee for garbage disposal and the economic compensation fee for garbage disposal in different places will be implemented.

  Main responsible unit: district and county governments

  Co-organizers: Municipal Finance Bureau and Municipal Appearance Committee.

  24。 To carry out the pilot work of municipal garbage disposal facilities integrated circuit card metering system.

  Main responsible unit: Municipal Municipal Appearance Committee

  Co-organizers: district and county governments and municipal finance bureau.

  25。 Formulate the information disclosure system of garbage disposal facilities, and implement the system of opening to the public in Gao ‘antun, Liulitun, Beishenshu, Anding, Asuwei and other garbage landfills.

  Main responsible units: Municipal Municipal Appearance Committee, Chaoyang District, Haidian District, Tongzhou District, Changping District and Daxing District Governments.

  Co-organizer: Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau

North American box office | "Wonka" won the championship, and the market was waiting for "Neptune"

Although the weeks before the Christmas and New Year holidays are often regarded as the off-season of box office in North America, they have never been so "dull" as this year. (except for the special year 2020)

In 2021 and 2022, the weekend total box office can still earn more than 100 million dollars every weekend in the first two weeks of the Christmas holiday. However, the North American box office was "flat" on Christmas Eve in 2023, and it has been hovering at the weekend box office of 10 million dollars for several weeks since December. On the weekend of December 15-17, the box office in the past three days was 73.9 million US dollars, and the top three at the box office were Wonka, The Hunger Games Prequel and Miyazaki Hayao’s new work Boys and Herons (formerly known as What Life Do You Want to Live).

Wonka stills

Wonka, a new film opened last weekend, grossed $39 million in the three-day weekend. It is a prequel to Charlie and the Chocolate Factory. In the mainland market of China, Wonka was released one week ahead of North America. From December 8 to 11: 00 on December 18, the total box office of the film in the mainland was 39.82 million yuan.

In recent months, a new phenomenon has appeared in the North American market, that is, concert movies, before which there were Taylor Swift: The Eras Tour? and Renaissance: A Film by Beyoncé.

Last weekend, another concert movie came to the North American market. Although it didn’t break into the top 10 (ranked 12th), it was released in a small scale in 468 theaters, earning 734,000 US dollars at the box office. This shows the ability of Korean Wave to "sprout from the ground" in the United States. "Seventeen Tour Follow to Japan: Live Viewing" recorded the South Korean men’s team Seventen.

Stills of Neptune 2: The Lost Kingdom

Christmas stalls in North America are waiting for Neptune to arrive this year. The opening date of Neptune 2: The Lost Kingdom in North America market is December 22nd, and in China, it is advanced to December 20th. In addition, this year’s Christmas blockbuster in North America also includes The Boys in the Boat directed by George Clooney, and the film Ferrari, which tells the story of two sports car brands, Ferrari and Maserati, competing for the supremacy of the track.

National Health Commission issued a notice on printing and distributing guidelines for home treatment of infected people in Covid-19.

  Guide to home treatment of infected people in Covid-19

  First, the applicable object

  (1) An asymptomatic or mildly infected person without serious underlying diseases.

  (two) the basic disease is in a stable period, and there is no serious organ dysfunction such as heart, liver, lung, kidney and brain that needs hospitalization.

  Second, the home environment requirements

  (1) When conditions permit, home-based therapists should live in relatively independent rooms of the family and use separate bathrooms as much as possible.

  (two) the family should be equipped with a thermometer (for infected persons), paper towels, masks, disposable gloves, disinfectants and other personal protective equipment, and disinfection products and garbage cans with covers.

  Third, the management requirements

  (a) community (village) and basic medical and health institutions work requirements.

  1. establish contact. Give play to the important role of organization, mobilization, guidance, service, security and management of the community (grassroots) working mechanism for epidemic prevention and control in various places. Grassroots medical and health institutions openly consult the telephone to inform the matters needing attention in home treatment, and bring home treatment personnel into grid management. For elderly people living alone in empty nests, patients with basic diseases, pregnant women, hemodialysis patients and other special personnel in home treatment, establish a ledger to ensure the necessary medical services.

  2. Give guidance. Home-based therapists carry out antigen testing according to the specifications, and can ask primary medical and health institutions to give guidance when necessary. Grassroots medical and health institutions give necessary symptomatic treatment and oral medication guidance to those in need.

  3. Assist in seeking medical treatment. Community or grass-roots medical and health institutions should know their main conditions in time after receiving the demand from home therapists for assistance in arranging medical treatment. Grass-roots medical and health institutions should guide critically ill patients to do emergency treatment and help them to be transported to relevant hospitals in a closed loop as soon as possible. To the county (city, district) as a unit, the establishment of higher-level hospitals and urban and rural communities, the rapid transfer channel.

  4. Psychological assistance. Establish a smooth psychological counseling hotline with cities as the unit. Grassroots medical and health institutions and communities should take the initiative to inform home therapists of the psychological hotline, so as to facilitate them to seek psychological support and psychological counseling. For those who find serious psychological or mental health problems, they can report to the local (city, county) mental health medical institutions and refer them when necessary.

  5. Personal protection. When in contact with home therapists, you should do a good job of self-protection and keep a distance of more than 1 meter as far as possible.

  (2) Self-management requirements of home therapists.

  1. Health monitoring and symptomatic treatment. Home-based therapists should take temperature measurement and self-health monitoring once every morning and evening. If there are symptoms such as fever and cough, they can take symptomatic treatment or oral medication. When necessary, you can also contact the medical staff of primary health care institutions or consult relevant medical institutions through Internet medical forms. Asymptomatic people don’t need medication. When taking medicine, home therapists should take it according to the drug instructions to avoid blind use of antibacterial drugs. If you have a basic disease, there is no need to change the dosage of the basic disease treatment drugs being used when the condition is stable.

  2. Referral treatment. In case of the following situations, you can transfer to the relevant hospital for treatment by self-driving or 120 ambulance.

  (1) dyspnea or shortness of breath.

  (2) After drug treatment, the body temperature remained higher than 38.5℃ for more than 3 days.

  (3) The original underlying diseases are obviously aggravated and uncontrollable.

  (4) Children have drowsiness, persistent refusal to eat, feeding difficulties, persistent diarrhea or vomiting.

  (5) Pregnant women have symptoms such as headache, dizziness, palpitation and breathlessness, or abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding or bleeding, abnormal fetal movement, etc.

  3. control going out. Home therapists don’t have to go out or accept visits. For those who really need to go out because of medical treatment, they should do personal protection all the time, arrive at the medical institution point-to-point, return home point-to-point after medical treatment, and try not to take public transportation as much as possible.

  4. Personal protection. Home therapists should be well protected and try not to contact with other family members. If the home therapist is a lactating mother, she can continue to breastfeed her baby on the basis of personal protection.

  5. Antigen self-test. Home therapists need to conduct antigen self-test and report the results according to the relevant epidemic prevention requirements.

  6. Infection prevention and control requirements.

  (1) Open doors and windows regularly for ventilation every day to keep indoor air circulation. If natural ventilation is not available, exhaust fans can be used for mechanical ventilation.

  (2) Do a good job in ventilation and disinfection of shared areas such as toilets and bathrooms.

  (3) Wash hands or disinfect hands when preparing food, defecating before and after meals, taking off masks, etc.

  (4) Cover your nose and mouth with paper towels when coughing or sneezing, or cover your nose and mouth with the inside of your elbow, and throw the used paper towels into the trash can.

  (5) Do not share daily necessities with other family members, and the tableware should be cleaned and disinfected after use.

  (6) The surfaces of articles that may be contacted by home therapists in daily life and the towels, clothes and quilts used by them should be cleaned and disinfected in time, and the personal belongings of infected persons should be placed separately.

  (7) If the family shares the bathroom, the home-based therapists should disinfect the bathroom every time they use it; If family therapists use a separate bathroom, they can be disinfected once a day.

  (8) Used paper towels, masks, disposable gloves and other domestic garbage are put into plastic bags and placed in special garbage bins.

  (9) Disinfect the articles contaminated by saliva and sputum at any time.

  Fourth, the conditions for ending home treatment

  For example, the symptoms of home-based therapists are obviously improved or have no obvious symptoms, the self-test antigen is negative and the Ct value of Covid-19 nucleic acid is detected twice in a row ≥ 35 (the interval between the two tests is more than 24 hours), which can end the home treatment and return to normal life and go out.

  V. Safeguard requirements

  (a) the lead unit in charge of community (grass-roots, rural) work in the leading mechanism of epidemic prevention and control in various places should give full play to its role and effectively take responsibility. Grassroots medical and health institutions shall establish a 24-hour duty system, and designate special personnel to undertake the health consultation work of home treatment for infected people. The community (village) shall make arrangements for nucleic acid detection, garbage removal and environmental disinfection, and find and solve problems in time.

  (2) It is necessary to organize medical institutions to provide rehabilitation guidance and psychological support for home-based personnel through online and offline methods such as remote guidance and Internet medical treatment. Primary medical and health institutions should strengthen inspection guidance and health monitoring for home-based rehabilitation personnel in their jurisdictions through the Internet and other means. Secondary and tertiary hospitals should provide consultation guidance for primary medical institutions through telemedicine.

  (three) all localities should strengthen the basic medical and health institutions commonly used drugs, antigen detection reagents, finger clip oximeter and other reserves, and effectively meet the needs of home treatment personnel for medication and health monitoring.

  (IV) Medical institutions should strictly implement the responsibility system for first diagnosis and the emergency rescue system, and should not shirk or refuse to treat Covid-19 infected people at home, especially emergency patients, to see a doctor in medical institutions for any reason.

Attachment details > > > > > >

1. Reference table of commonly used drugs for home treatment of infected people in Covid-19.

2. Guidelines for detection of antigens for home treatment of infected persons in Covid-19.

Ministry of Education: Intensify the propaganda, guidance and mobilization of vaccination.

  Beijing, April 3 (Xinhua) According to the website of the Ministry of Education, recently, the Ministry of Education issued a notice to deploy local education departments and universities to actively cooperate with the local vaccination work. The notice stressed that local education departments and colleges and universities should increase publicity, guidance and organization and mobilization of vaccination on the premise of compliance, knowledge, consent, voluntary and free vaccination according to law; Guide teachers and students to eliminate doubts, fulfill social responsibilities, form reasonable expectations, and improve vaccination awareness and vaccination willingness.

  The notice requires a full understanding of the importance of vaccination. Local education departments and colleges and universities should fully understand the significance of cooperating with the vaccination work in Covid-19, and deeply understand the significance of vaccination work in maintaining the safety of teachers and students, physical health and national economic and social development.

  The notice pointed out that organizational leadership should be strengthened. Local education departments and colleges and universities should, under the leadership of local Party committees and governments, incorporate vaccination into territorial management, earnestly fulfill their responsibilities, reasonably plan vaccination rhythm and vaccination progress in accordance with the requirements of the State Council Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism "Covid-19 Vaccination Overall Plan", combined with the actual situation of local schools, and cooperate with local health departments, and organize, guide and coordinate the vaccination work in Covid-19 of local schools in batches in a safe and orderly manner. Strengthen work deployment, strengthen responsibility, and compact responsibilities at different levels.

  The notice proposes to increase publicity and mobilization. Local education departments and colleges and universities should increase the publicity and guidance and organization and mobilization of vaccination on the premise of compliance, knowledge, consent, voluntary and free vaccination according to law. In various forms and through various channels, we should use easy-to-understand language to publicize the positive role of vaccines in protecting personal health and controlling epidemic situation to teachers and students in a timely manner, publicize the popular science knowledge of vaccination for precautions such as vaccination contraindications, convey scientific information on the safety and effectiveness of vaccines, guide teachers and students to eliminate doubts, fulfill social responsibilities, form reasonable expectations, and improve the awareness rate and willingness of vaccination.

  The notice stressed that we should do a good job in service guarantee. Local education departments and colleges and universities should strengthen the vaccination service guarantee, give full play to their organizational advantages, and achieve "clear base, clear information and communication" on the vaccination work of local schools, and actively cooperate with teachers and students to make vaccination appointments. In accordance with the requirements for setting up temporary inoculation points, fixed houses such as school clinics and stadiums or temporary tents are provided as temporary inoculation points to provide necessary convenience for inoculation units or medical institutions to send inoculation personnel. Strengthen cooperation with local health departments and do a good job in psychological counseling for teachers and students.

  The notice mentioned the establishment of an implementation mechanism. Local education departments and colleges and universities should guide local schools to promote the implementation of vaccination work by issuing notices, holding meetings or on-site investigations. The establishment of information reporting system, local education departments should do a good job in Covid-19 vaccination coordination and scheduling, timely statistics of local education system vaccination progress.

March towards a Powerful Agricultural Country —— Interview with Tang Renjian, Director of the Central Agricultural Office and Minister of Agriculture and Rural Affairs

  Interview with the minister at the end of the year and the beginning of the year. For three consecutive years, Tang Renjian, director of the Central Agricultural Office and Minister of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, wrote three sets of keywords to CCTV reporters at the General Station:

  2021: grain, seeds and cultivated land

  2022: Food

  2023: Agricultural Power

  What is the relationship between the three groups of keywords? Tang Renjian said,come down in one continuous lineThe internal logical relationship is very clear.

  "A strong agricultural country is programmatic and outlines. The primary task is to consolidate the foundation of food security in all directions. Seeds and cultivated land are two of them. Grasping these two keys will ensure food security. "

  Go all out to secure China’s rice bowl.

  Looking back on 2022, China’s grain production is remarkable. In the face of difficulties such as multiple outbreaks of epidemic in COVID-19, record-breaking autumn flood in the north, extreme high temperature and drought in the south and high prices of agricultural materials, the output still reached a record high, reaching 1,373.1 billion Jin, with an increase of 7.4 billion Jin. It is particularly worth mentioning that the self-sufficiency rate of soybeans has also increased by 3 percentage points. Stable production and supply of grain and important agricultural products have provided basic support for stabilizing expectations, prices and the economic market.

  Food security is "the biggest in the country".

  Tang Renjian said that all countries in the world that are truly powerful and have no weaknesses have the ability to solve their own food problems. In the coming period, with the high-quality development of China’s economy and the promotion of urbanization, the demand for grain and important agricultural products will still show a rigid growth trend. 2023 is the first year to implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, and it is also the first year to accelerate the construction of an agricultural power. It is of special significance to ensure the stable and safe supply of grain and important agricultural products.

  "We will take a new round of 100 billion Jin of grain production capacity improvement as the starting point and go all out to stabilize China’s rice bowl."

  The grain production capacity is at a high starting point of 1.3 trillion Jin, and then increased by 100 billion Jin. Hard as it is, it will be done.

  Tang Renjian said, "This matter is not a question of whether it can be done or not, but a question of what must be done. We must mobilize all resources and do everything possible to increase the grain production capacity by 100 billion Jin."

  Tang Renjian said that in the long run, it is necessary to make full efforts to improve the comprehensive agricultural production capacity. Grasp the material foundation, resolutely hold the red line of 1.8 billion mu of cultivated land, gradually build all 1.546 billion mu of permanent basic farmland into high-standard farmland, and continue to do a good job in seed industry revitalization and key agricultural technology research; We will also pay attention to the mechanism guarantee, improve the income guarantee mechanism for grain farmers and the compensation mechanism for interests in major producing areas, fully implement the responsibility of the party and government for food security, and consolidate the foundation of food security in all directions.

  In 2023, in the face of the new development situation, the focus is on two stability, two expansion and two promotion.

  Two stabilities — — Stable area and outputEnsure that the grain area is stable above 1.77 billion mu, strive to increase, ensure that the grain output continues to be above 1.3 trillion Jin, and strive to increase production. 

  Two expansions — — Expand beans and oil:We will plant more than 10 million mu, ensure that the soybean oil area is stable at more than 350 million mu, and strive to expand again.

  Two mentions — — Self-sufficiency rate of bill of lading production and delivery:Strive to increase the yield per mu of corn demonstration fields by more than 100 kilograms and the self-sufficiency rate of edible vegetable oil by more than 1 percentage point.

  When the reporter asked what specific policy measures would be taken, Tang Renjian said, first of all, both administrative promotion and policy support should be taken to do everything possible to stabilize the area. In the assessment of food security, the weight of area yield and planting structure should be increased. At the same time, we should pay attention to both farmland hardware and scientific and technological software to raise the yield per unit area. 45 million mu of new farmland will be built, and 35 million mu of high-standard farmland will be upgraded. Start the project of increasing the yield of major grain and oil crops with the focus on corn. In addition, we should pay attention to disaster prevention and loss reduction, and reduce the losses.

  Promote consumption and expand investment, and vigorously promote the domestic cycle.

  Speaking of expanding domestic demand, Tang Renjian believes that agriculture, rural areas and farmers involve many industries, a wide range of fields and a large group. In expanding domestic demand and building a new development pattern, there is a very broad space to move and the potential to be tapped.

  Tang Renjian gave such a set of data:

  Although farmers’ income is not very high at present, the consumption increment created is almost the same as that of urban residents. With the continuous growth of farmers’ income, rural consumption has been accelerated.It is estimated that the annual consumption demand will increase by about 2 trillion yuan.

  The lag of agricultural and rural infrastructure construction is the most intuitive manifestation of the gap between urban and rural areas, which has a huge investment demand. Preliminary calculation,In the next 5 to 10 years, the investment demand for high-standard farmland and facility agriculture alone will be nearly 15 trillion yuan.

  Tang Renjian said that in 2023, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs will continue to make efforts to comprehensively promote rural revitalization and accelerate the construction of an agricultural power, especially in accelerating the activation of the rural market and releasing farmers’ consumption potential, smoothing the urban and rural circulation of workers and peasants and promoting the domestic cycle.

  Optimize supply and expand consumption.From the supply side and circulation channels, we will expand the production of green, organic, geographical indications and famous new agricultural products, focus on improving rural consumption hard facilities, optimize the soft environment, expand the rural coverage of e-commerce and logistics express delivery, and make agricultural products "go up smoothly" and industrial products "sink smoothly" to promote the upgrading of urban food consumption and the growth of rural durable goods consumption.

  Strengthen investment in construction traction.Solidly promote rural construction, continue to strengthen the construction of high-standard farmland, vigorously develop modern facility agriculture, lay out and build a number of storage and fresh-keeping facilities in production areas, cold chain collection and distribution centers and large-scale cold chain logistics bases, and continuously improve conditions such as water circuit and gas room information in rural areas, so as to expand effective investment in agriculture and rural areas and boost economic growth.

  Developing industries to help farmers increase their income.Guide all localities to strengthen leading enterprises, make up chains, promote formats and build brands, strengthen the processing and circulation industry of agricultural products, promote the integration of agricultural, cultural and tourism, vigorously develop rural e-commerce, accelerate the construction of modern agricultural parks, and continuously broaden the channels for farmers to increase their income and become rich.

  solidResolutely stick to the bottom line of not returning to poverty on a large scale

  Consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation is the bottom line task of comprehensively promoting rural revitalization. Tang Renjian said that in 2022, the results of poverty alleviation continued to be effectively consolidated. By the end of November, 65.7% of the monitored objects had eliminated the risk of returning to poverty, and the rest had also implemented assistance measures. There was no phenomenon of the whole village returning to poverty, and the employment scale of poverty-stricken laborers increased by 1.33 million over the previous year, reaching 32.78 million.

  "At present, affected by factors such as the COVID-19 epidemic and the economic downturn, we have encountered some new situations and new problems in consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation." In the face of difficult challenges, Tang Renjian gave a response plan.

  "We will take greater and more targeted measures to further enhance the endogenous development momentum of poverty-stricken areas and poverty-stricken people, and use development methods to keep poverty far away."

  In cultivating and upgrading industries,In accordance with the requirements of the word "native products", guide all localities to rely on the characteristic resources of agriculture and rural areas to develop various functions of agriculture, tap the diversified values of rural areas, and promote the upgrading of the whole chain of rural industries. We will increase the proportion of bridging funds used for industrial development to more than 60%, plan and implement a number of overall regional industrial projects, improve the mechanism of linking agriculture with agriculture, let the people out of poverty share more value-added benefits, and increase their income through industry stability.

  In terms of efforts to stabilize employment,Develop a number of county-level industries with large employment capacity to enrich the people, increase employment services and skills training for poverty-stricken laborers, and ensure that the employment scale of poverty-stricken laborers is stable at more than 30 million.

  In promoting entrepreneurial innovation,We will implement entrepreneurship support policies, build a number of entrepreneurship incubation training bases, and orderly guide college graduates to their hometowns, capable people to their hometowns, migrant workers to their hometowns, and entrepreneurs to their hometowns, so as to drive employment and increase income through entrepreneurship.

  A strong country must first strengthen agriculture, and a strong agriculture can strengthen the country.

  Tang Renjian said that the strong signal of attaching importance to agriculture and strengthening agriculture has been issued with heavy drums and hammers. We will systematically plan for anchoring this goal, study and formulate plans for accelerating the construction of a strong agricultural country, keep the two bottom lines of ensuring food security and preventing large-scale return to poverty at a higher level, promote rural development, rural construction and rural governance with high quality, innovate and implement the two-wheel drive of scientific and technological reform, and constantly open up a new era, a new journey and a new situation for the development of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, laying a solid foundation for a good start in building a socialist modern country in an all-round way.

  (CCTV reporter Zhang Qin Wang Wei Liang Lijuan Wang Kaibo Yang Xiaobo Zhong Min Zhang Yuxi Jaco Zhang Hao Wang Jialin Huang Wei Shen Hao Han Fei)